Izinqwaba zezinto ezimhlophe ezingaqondakali, eziyimpuphu ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwamanxiwa ebhilidi elineminyaka engu-3,000 ubudala e-Armenia ziyiphupho lesazi-mlando sokupheka - izinsalela zikafulawa wasendulo.
Ithimba labavubukuli basePoland-Armenia lathola lokhu ngesikhathi lisebenza endaweni yokuvubukula edolobheni laseMetsamor, entshonalanga ye-Armenia, ngo-October odlule. Lapho libona ufulawa futhi lemba amaziko amaningana, leli qembu laqaphela ukuthi isakhiwo sasendulo sasisebenza njengebhikawozi elikhulu, elacekelwa phansi ngomlilo.
Abavubukuli baqala ukumba ukuze bafunde kabanzi ngefa lendawo enkulukazi, ebiyelwe ngezindonga phakathi noMbuso we-Urartu we-Iron Age. Begxila ezinsalela zesakhiwo esishile esasisetshenziswa eDolobheni Eliphansi kusukela cishe ngo-1200-1000 BC, bahlonze "imigqa emibili yezinsika zokhuni ezingu-18 ezisekela uphahla lomhlanga olunemishayo," ngokusho kwesitatimende Isayensi Yezenhlalakahle YasePoland.
Okwakusele kwakuyizisekelo zamatshe ezinsikeni zesakhiwo, nezingcezu zemishayo yaso nophahla. Nakuba lesi sakhiwo saqale sakhiwa ukuze sigcinwe, abacwaningi bathi kunobufakazi bokuthi izithando zomlilo eziningana zengezwa kamuva.
Phakathi kwalezo zinsalela ezigoqiwe, iqembu labona uthuli olumhlophe olubanzi, oluwugqinsi oluyisentimitha. Ekuqaleni babecabanga ukuthi kwakuwumlotha, kodwa ngaphansi kobuholi bukaProfesa Kryzstztof Jakubiak, ithimba lasebenzisa inqubo yokuntanta ukuze limanzise impushana eyimfihlakalo futhi linqume ukwakheka kwayo kweqiniso.
Ngemva kokuhlola amakhemikhali, ithimba lathola ukuthi ufulawa kakolweni owawusetshenziselwa ukubhaka isinkwa. Balinganisela ukuthi, ngesinye isikhathi, cishe amathani angu-3.5 (3.2 metric tons) kafulawa ngabe agcinwe ngaphakathi kwebhilidi elingu-82-by-82-foot (25 by 25 metres). Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi ibhikawozi lalisebenza phakathi kwekhulu le-11 nele-9 BC phakathi nenkathi yokuqala ye-Iron Age.
"Lesi ngesinye sezakhiwo ezindala ezaziwayo zalolu hlobo eMetsamor," kusho uJakubiak. “Ngenxa yokuthi uphahla lwalesi sakhiwo lwabhidlika ngesikhathi kusha, luvikela yonke into, ngenhlanhla ufulawa wasinda. Kuyamangaza; ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, yonke into kufanele ishiswe iphele nya.”
Ngaphambi kokuthi lesi sakhiwo sibe indawo yokubhaka, uJakubiak uthe, kungenzeka “sasetshenziselwa imicimbi noma imihlangano, bese siguqulwa sibe indawo yokugcina izinto.” Yize ufulawa otholakele awudleki okwamanje, kudala isiza yake yabamba amakhilogremu angu-7,000 XNUMX esithako esiyisisekelo, ekhomba ibhikawozi elakhelwe ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi.
Nakuba kungekuningi okwaziwayo ngezakhamuzi zasendulo zaseMetsamor, njengoba zazingenalo ulimi olulotshiwe, abacwaningi bayazi ukuthi idolobha elinezivikelo eziqinile laba yingxenye yombuso waseBhayibhelini wase-Urarat (futhi upelwe ngokuthi Urartu) ngemva kokunqotshwa iNkosi u-Argishti I ngo-8. ekhulwini leminyaka BC. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, yayingahlanganisa amahektha angu-247 (amahektha ayikhulu) futhi yake “yazungezwe izakhiwo zethempeli ezinezindawo ezingcwele eziyisikhombisa,” ngokwe- Science in Poland.
Abavubukuli bathole amabhikawozi afanayo endaweni yonke, kodwa njengoba uJakubiak ephawulile ekukhululweni okusemthethweni, i-Metsamor's manje isingelinye lamadala kakhulu atholakala eningizimu nasempumalanga yeCaucasus.
