Ngo-1927, u-Eben Byers, isicebi sezenhlalakahle saseMelika, umsubathi, usozimboni, kanye neziqu zaseYale College, wawa embhedeni wesitimela futhi walimala ingalo yakhe, okwakungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwakhe kwezemidlalo kanye nemisebenzi yakhe yansuku zonke. Ukuze adambise ubuhlungu, udokotela wamnikeza isiphuzo esibizwa ngokuthi 'Radithor'.
I-Radithor - ikhambi labafileyo abaphilayo!
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, i-radioactive element i-Radium kwakukholelwa ukuthi inezinto zokwelapha kakhulu. UJJ Thompson, indoda eyathola i-electron, wabhala ngokuba khona kwe-radioactivity emanzini omthombo ngo-1903.. Lokhu kuholele ekutholakaleni kokuthi imithombo eminingi yezempilo edume kakhulu emhlabeni yayinemisebe ngenxa “ye-radium emanation” – igesi ye-radon – emhlabathini lapho amanzi ayegeleza khona.
Lokhu kwakwamukelwa kabanzi emphakathini wesayensi ngaleso sikhathi. Babekholelwa ukuthi imisebe evela eziphethwini yayibangela amandla ayo okuphulukisa kanye nemiphumela yokwelapha.
Ngenxa yalokho, amanzi e-radium abizwa ngokuthi i-Radithor akhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1918 kuya ku-1928 yi-Bailey Radium Laboratories, Inc. yase-East Orange, eNew Jersey. Umnikazi wenkampani kanye nenhloko yamalabhorethri kwakunguWilliam JA Bailey, owashiya esikoleni eHarvard College, owayengeyena udokotela. Kwakhangiswa ngokuthi “Ikhambi Labafileyo Abaphilayo” kanye ne "Perpetual Sunshine". Lo mkhiqizo obizayo kwathiwa welapha ukuntula amandla phakathi kokunye izifo, okuhlanganisa uhudo olungapheli, ubuhlungu obubangelwa ukulimala, ukusangana, ukuguga, nokunye.
I-Radithor isebenze kahle
Ngokuqondana noma i-placebo, ubuhlungu buka-Byers banyamalala futhi wathi bubangelwa ukuphulukiswa okuyisimangaliso kweRadithor, okwakuwumsakazo oxutshwe emanzini. Yayihlanganisa amanzi acwecwe kathathu aqukethe okungenani i-microcurie engu-1 ngayinye ye-radium 226 kanye nama-isotopes angama-228.
Ngemuva kwalokho, u-Byers waziqinisekisa ngezinzuzo ezinkulu zesiphuzo futhi waqhubekela phambili nokuthumela amabhokisi omkhiqizo kwabasebenza nabo nezintombi. Waze wanikeza uRadithor emahhashini akhe. Naye ngokwakhe wathi uphuze amabhodlela angu-1,400 ka-15ml (obekubiza kakhulu). Isebenze kahle ngempela.
Kuze kube ..
Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, u-Byers wayezodlula esikhathini esiyinqaba nesidabukisayo kunazo zonke ekuphileni kwakhe. Waqala ukuncipha emzimbeni, ephathwa yikhanda futhi amaningi amazinyo akhe aqala ukuwa: Wonke umhlathi ongenhla waseByers ngaphandle kwamazinyo amabili angaphambili, futhi iningi lomhlathi wakhe ongezansi wavele wawa. Zonke izicubu zamathambo ezisele zomzimba wakhe zase zihlakazeka futhi kwavuleka izimbobo ogebhezini lwakhe. Wayazi ukuthi icala lakhe kwakungamasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba ashone eneminyaka engu-51, lapho kwakusele amazinyo akhe ayisithupha kuphela emzimbeni wakhe.
U-Byers washona ngoMashi 31, 1932, ngenxa yobuthi be-radium kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza futhi njengomphumela ongenakugwemeka wokusetshenziswa kweRadithor.
Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo?
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka alandelayo, imboni ye-radioactive charlatanism ibilokhu iqinisekisa ukuthi iwusizo emkhakheni wezokwelapha, kancane kancane izama ukuzandisa emakethe. Kodwa lapho isidumbu sikaByers sikhishwa ngo-1965 ukuze sifundwe, kwavele kwashaqisa umhlaba wezokwelapha.
Izinsalela ze-Byers zazisasakazwa kakhulu futhi zilinganiswa kuma-becquerel angu-225,000 (ama-becquerels angu-1 = i-nucleus eyodwa ibola ngomzuzwana). Uma kuqhathaniswa, cishe i-0.0169 g ye-potassium-40 ekhona emzimbeni womuntu ojwayelekile ikhiqiza ama-becquerel angaba ngu-4,400. Uma ukhuluma nge-radioactivity emikhiqizweni yokudla, ama-becquerels (bq) angama-3,700 ngekhilogremu yenyama iyinani elikhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho. kubhekwa njengokubulalayo.
Ngemva kokufa kukaByers, abanye odokotela abaningi bafakaza ngemiphumela eyingozi yemisebe; futhi lokhu kutholakala okushaqisayo kwaholela ekuqinisweni kwe I-Food and Drug Administration's amandla kanye nokushabalala kwemithi eminingi yobunikazi esekelwe ngemisebe. Ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bezempilo kwabanye abantu, uByers kwadingeka angcwatshwe ebhokisini lomthofu.
Kwenzekani kumsunguli wayo?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsunguli weRadithor, uWilliam JA Bailey, waqhubeka ephikelela (ngisho nangemva kokufa kukaByers kabuhlungu) ukuthi isiphuzo sakhe sasiphephile kwaze kwaba yilapho ebulawa umdlavuza wesinye, ngo-1949. Lapho abacwaningi bezokwelapha nabo bekhipha isidumbu sakhe eminyakeni engu-20 kamuva, bathola ukuthi amathumbu akhe ayecekelwe imisebe futhi isidumbu sakhe sasisafudumele!
