Imibhalo yasendulo ehlukanayo ayivamisile ukuvusa inkulumo-mpikiswano eningi ku-inthanethi, kodwa i-Voynich Manuscript, exakile futhi okunzima ukuyiqonda, ihlukile. Umbhalo, obhalwe ngolimi olungakacaciswa, uye wadida izazi, ababhali be-cryptographer, nabaseshi abayizimfundamakhwela amakhulu eminyaka.
Futhi ngesonto eledlule, kube nendaba enkulu mayelana nendatshana ku-Times Literary Supplement yesazi-mlando kanye nomlobi we-TV uNicholas Gibbs, owathi uyixazulule imfihlakalo yaseVoynich. UGibbs wayecabanga ukuthi ukubhala okungaqondakali kwakuwumhlahlandlela wempilo yowesifazane nokuthi umlingiswa wawo ngamunye wawuyisifinyezo sesiLatini sangenkathi ephakathi. UGibbs uthe uthole imigqa emibili yombhalo, futhi ekuqaleni, umsebenzi wakhe wanconywa.
Kodwa, ngokudabukisayo, ochwepheshe nabalandeli bathola ngokushesha amaphutha kumbono kaGibbs. U-Lisa Fagin Davis, inhloko ye-Medieval Academy of America, utshele uSarah Zhang wase-Atlantic ukuthi akuwenzi umqondo uma umbhalo kaGibbs uqoshwa. Umbono wakamuva kakhulu ngalokho okushiwo i-Voynich Manuscript nokuthi ivelaphi kungenzeka ukuthi awulungile, kodwa akuwona owahlanya kakhulu, nawo.
Abantu baye bathi lo mbhalo wesandla wabhalwa abantu basendulo baseMexico, uLeonardo da Vinci, ngisho nabafokazi. Abanye abantu bathi le ncwadi iwumhlahlandlela wemvelo. Abanye abantu bathi kungamanga aluhlaza. Kungani iVoynich bekunzima kangaka ukuyiqonda nokuhlukanisa phakathi neminyaka edlule? Nazi izinto ezinhle kakhulu okufanele uzazi ngencwadi:
Ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine ezingavamile kakhulu.
UMichael LaPointe ubhala ku-Paris Review ukuthi le ncwadi iqala ngesigaba samakhambi. Lesi sigaba sinemidwebo emibalabala yezitshalo, kodwa abantu basanquma ukuthi ziluhlobo luni lwezitshalo. Ingxenye elandelayo imayelana nokubhula ngezinkanyezi. Inezithombe ezigoqekayo zamashadi ezinkanyezi ezibonakala zidinga ukulingana nekhalenda elaziwayo.
Amasondo ezinkanyezi anemidwebo emincane yabesifazane abanqunu kuwo wonke, futhi esigabeni esilandelayo se-balneology, imidwebo enqunu iyahlanya. Kunezithombe zabesifazane abanqunu begeza ngoketshezi oluluhlaza, bedudulwa yizindiza ezithwala amanzi, bephethe uthingo ngezandla.
Ezinye izazi zicabanga ukuthi isithombe esisodwa sibonisa ama-ovari amabili nabesifazane ababili abanqunu belenga kuwo. Futhi ekugcineni, kunesigaba mayelana nokuthi izidakamizwa zisebenza kanjani. Inemidwebo eminingi yezitshalo bese kuba namakhasi okubhala ngolimi olungacacile lombhalo wesandla obizwa ngokuthi i-Voynichese.
Abanikazi bokuqala balo mbhalo wesandla nabo babedinga usizo lokuqonda.
U-Davis ubhala kubhulogi yakhe, i-Manuscript Road Trip ukuthi i-Voynich iqala ukuvela emlandweni ngasekupheleni kwawo-1600. URudolph II waseJalimane wakhokha amaducathi egolide angu-600 ngale ncwadi ngoba ecabanga ukuthi yabhalwa uRoger Bacon, usosayensi oyiNgisi owayephila ngeminyaka yawo-1300.
Khona-ke, isazi se-alchemist sasePrague okuthiwa uGeorgius Barschius wasithola. Wayibiza ngokuthi “imfumbe ethile ye-Sphinx eyayisanda kuthatha indawo.” UJohannes Marcus Marci, umkhwenyana kaBarschius, wathola lo mbhalo wesandla lapho uBarschius eshona. Wayithumela kuchwepheshe we-Hieroglyphs waseGibhithe eRoma ukuze amsize athole ukuthi umbhalo uthini.
Umbhalo wesandla walahleka iminyaka engu-250 kwaze kwaba ngu-1912 lapho uthengwa umthengisi wezincwadi wasePoland uWilfrid Voynich. U-Voynich wayengeke asho ukuthi lo mbhalo wesandla ungokabani ngaphambi kwakhe, ngakho abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi uzibhalele yena. Kodwa ngemva kokushona kukaVoynich, umkakhe wathi le ncwadi wayithenga eKolishi LamaJesuit eFrascati, eliseduze neRome.
Abanye be-cryptologists abahamba phambili emhlabeni baye bazama kodwa behluleka ukucacisa umbhalo.
U-Sadie Dingfelder we-Washington Post uthi uWilliam Friedman, isazi se-cryptologist esiyiphayona owephula ikhodi yaseJapane phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, wachitha iminyaka ezama indlela yokufunda umbhalo weVoynich. I-LaPointe ye-Paris Review ithi waphetha ngokuthi “kwakuwumzamo wakuqala wokwakha ulimi lokuzenzela noma oluvamile lohlobo olubalulekile.”
Yize kungekho owaziyo ukuthi iVoynichese yavelaphi, akubonakali kuyimbudane. Ngo-2014, abacwaningi baseBrazil basebenzisa indlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokufanisa inethiwekhi ukuze babonise ukuthi amaphethini olimi embhalweni afana nalawo ezilimi ezaziwayo. Nokho, abacwaningi abakwazanga ukuhumusha le ncwadi.
I-Carbon dating ibonise ukuthi i-Voynich yenziwa ngekhulu le-15.
Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngo-2009 kwabonisa ukuthi isikhumba cishe senziwe phakathi kuka-1404 no-1438. UDavis uthi le miphumela ikhipha abantu abambalwa okwakuthiwa bangababhali balo mbhalo wesandla. Usosayensi oyiNgisi uRoger Bacon washona ngo-1292. Akazange eze emhlabeni kwaze kwaba ngu-1452. Futhi uVoynich wazalwa esikhathini eside ngemva kokubhalwa kwencwadi eyinqaba.
Umbhalo wesandla uku-inthanethi ukuze ukwazi ukuwuhlola lapho uziphumulele.
Umbhalo wesandla manje ugcinwe ku-Yale's Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library. Ivalelwe egumbini elingaphansi ukuze kuphephe. Uma ufuna ukuzama isandla sakho ku-Voynich ehlala ingaqondakali, ungathola ikhophi egcwele yedijithali ku-inthanethi. Kodwa xwayiswa: umgodi onogwaja waseVoynich wehla ibanga elide.
