Eminyakeni engaba ngu-2,000 XNUMX edlule, isazi-mlando sasendulo esingumGreki uStrabo sakhuluma ngokuba khona kwethempeli elibalulekile ogwini olusentshonalanga yePeloponnese. Amanxiwa ethempeli lasendulo asanda kutholwa eduze kwaseSamikon endaweni yaseKleidi, okusobala ukuthi yake yaba yingxenye yethempeli likaPoseidon.
I-Austrian Archaeological Institute, ngokubambisana nozakwabo baseJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), Kiel University, kanye ne-Ephorate of Antiquities of Elis, bathole izinsalela zesakhiwo sakudala esifana nethempeli ngaphakathi kwendawo engcwele yasePoseidon, okungenzeka ukuthi yayinikezelwe unkulunkulu uqobo lwakhe. Ngamasu ayo okumba kanye nokuphusha okuqondile, ithimba elizinze e-Mainz le-JGU Institute of Geography eliholwa nguSolwazi Andreas Vött libe nesandla ophenyweni.
Ukucushwa kogu okukhethekile kwesifunda sase-Kleidi/Samikon
Indlela yogu olusentshonalanga yenhlonhlo yasePeloponnese, isifunda lapho isiza sikhona, sihluke kakhulu. Eduze kwejika elinwetshiwe leGulf of Kyparissa kuneqembu lamagquma amathathu edwala eliqinile elizungezwe yizinsalela ze-alluvial zasogwini endaweni ephethwe amachweba namaxhaphozi asogwini.
Ngenxa yokuthi le ndawo yayifinyeleleka kalula futhi ivikelekile, kwasungulwa indawo yokuhlala lapha phakathi nenkathi yeMycenaean eyaqhubeka ichuma amakhulu eminyaka ambalwa futhi yakwazi ukugcina ukuxhumana enyakatho naseningizimu ngasogwini.
USolwazi u-Andreas Vött weNyuvesi yaseMainz ubelokhu enza ucwaningo lwesayensi yemivubukulo yale ndawo kusukela ngo-2018 ehlose ukucacisa ukuthi lesi simo esiyingqayizivele savela kanjani nokuthi ugu lwesifunda sase-Kleidi/Samikon lushintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngale njongo, uye wabambisana emikhankasweni eminingana noDkt Birgitta Eder, uMqondisi wegatsha lase-Athene le-Austrian Archaeological Institute, kanye noDkt. Erofili-Iris Kolia wegunya lokuvikela izikhumbuzo zendawo, i-Ephorate of Antiquities of Elis.
“Imiphumela yophenyo lwethu kuze kube manje ikhombisa ukuthi amagagasi oLwandle lwase-Ionian evulekile empeleni akhukhuleka ngokumelene neqembu lamagquma kwaze kwaba senkulungwaneni yesi-5 BCE. Ngemuva kwalokho, ohlangothini olubheke olwandle, kwasungulwa uhlelo olubanzi lokuvimba amabhishi lapho amachweba amaningana ahlukaniswa nolwandle, ”kusho uVött, onguSolwazi weGeomorphology e-JGU.
Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ubufakazi bokuthi lesi sifunda sasihlaselwe ngokuphindaphindiwe yizenzakalo ze-tsunami kuzo zombili izinkathi zangaphambi komlando nezomlando, muva nje ekhulwini lesi-6 nele-14 CE. Lokhu kuhambisana nemibiko esindayo yama-tsunami awaziwayo enzeke ngonyaka ka-551 no-1303 CE. “Isimo esiphakeme esasinikezwa amagquma sasibaluleke kakhulu ezikhathini zasendulo njengoba sasiyokwenza kube lula ukuhamba endaweni eyomile ngasogwini olusenyakatho naseningizimu,” kuphawula uVött.
Ekwindla yango-2021, isazi sokuma komhlaba uDkt. Dennis Wilken wase-Kiel University sathola imikhondo yezakhiwo endaweni esempumalanga yeqembu legquma endaweni eyayivele ikhonjwe njengenentshisekelo kuyo kulandela ukuhlola kwangaphambilini.
Ngemva komsebenzi wokuqala wokumba ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaDkt. Birgitta Eder ekwindla ka-2022, lezi zakhiwo zaba izisekelo zethempeli lasendulo okungenzeka kube yilezo zethempeli elabe lifunwa isikhathi eside lika-Poseidon.
“Indawo yale ndawo engcwele engambuliwe ifana nemininingwane eyanikezwa uStrabo emibhalweni yakhe,” kugcizelela u-Eder, osebenzela i-Austrian Archaeological Institute.
Ukuhlaziywa okubanzi kwe-archaeological, geoarchaeological, kanye ne-geophysical yesakhiwo kuzokwenziwa eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Abacwaningi banethemba lokuthola ukuthi ingabe inabo yini ubudlelwano obuthile nezwe elingasogwini elingaphansi koguquko olubanzi.
Ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe ebufakazini be-geomorphological kanye ne-sedimentary bezehlakalo ze-tsunami eziphindaphindayo lapha, isici se-geomythological kufanele siphenywe.
Kubonakala sengathi le ndawo kungenzeka ukuthi empeleni ikhethelwe indawo yethempeli lasePoseidon ngenxa yalezi zehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu. Phela, uPoseidon, nesihloko sakhe sehlelo elithi Earthshaker, kwakubhekwa abantu basendulo njengembangela yokuzamazama komhlaba nama-tsunami.
Ithimba le-Natural Hazard Research kanye ne-Geoarchaeology e-JGU lihlola izinqubo zoguquko logu kanye nezenzakalo zamagagasi ezeqisayo
Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, iqembu le-Natural Hazard Research and Geoarchaeology e-Mainz University, eliholwa uProfesa Andreas Vött, belilokhu lihlola ukuthuthukiswa kogu lwaseGreece phakathi neminyaka engu-11,600 XNUMX edlule. Bagxila ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olusentshonalanga yeGreece kusukela ogwini lwase-Albania maqondana neCorfu, ezinye iziQhingi zase-Ionian ze-Ambrakian Gulf, ugu olusentshonalanga yezwekazi laseGreece kwehle kuze kufike ePeloponnese naseCrete.
Umsebenzi wabo uhilela ukukhomba izinguquko ezilinganisweni zolwandle kanye nezinguquko ezihambisana nogu. Esinye isici esiyinhloko sophenyo lwabo ukutholwa kwezenzakalo zamagagasi ezeqisayo zesikhathi esidlule, okuyinto eMedithera ngokuyinhloko ethatha uhlobo lwama-tsunami kanye nokuhlaziywa komthelela wawo ogwini nasemiphakathini ehlala lapho.
Inzwa eqondile yokuphusha—indlela entsha ku-geoarchaeology
Ithimba le-JGU lingase lifake imibono ecatshangelwayo yokuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezenzeka ngasogwini nakuyo yonke indawo ngokusekelwe ezinkambisweni zenhlabathi eziveza ukuchezuka okuqondile nokuvundlile ezindlaleni ze-deposition. Inhlangano njengamanje ineqoqo lamasampula abalulekile angaphezu kuka-2,000 aqoqwe ngokuyinhloko kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bebelokhu bephenya indawo engaphansi komhlaba kusukela ngo-2016 besebenzisa indlela ehlukile yokusunduza eqondile. Ukusetshenziswa komfutho we-hydraulic ukuphoqa izinzwa ezahlukene kanye nezinto zokusebenza emhlabathini ukuze kuqoqwe ulwazi lwe-sedimentological, geochemical, kanye ne-hydraulic endaweni engaphansi kwaziwa ngokuthi i-direct push sensing. I-Institute of Geography eJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz ukuphela kwenyuvesi yaseJalimane enemishini edingekayo.
