Ekwindla ka-2021, abavubukuli beMnyuziyamu Yomlando Wamasiko baphenya insimu yamathuna kaTyrifjorden eRingerike. Kwelinye lamathuna, bathola itshe elinemibhalo eminingi ye-runic. Amathambo ashisiwe kanye namalahle ethuneni aveza ukuthi ama-runes aqoshwa phakathi kweminyaka engu-1 no-250 AD. Lokhu kuyenza ibe yitshe lokuqala elaziwayo le-rune.
Leli tshe lasendulo le-rune yaseNorway liheha ukunaka kwamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwezazi ze-runic kanye nabavubukuli. Imibhalo ifinyelela eminyakeni eyizi-2,000 ubudala futhi isukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zomlando oyindida wokubhala kwe-runic. Leli tshe liqanjwe ngendawo okutholwe kuyo, futhi manje selibizwa ngetshe leSvingerud.
Esikhathini esithile phakathi kweminyaka eyi-1,800 kanye ne-2,000 edlule, othile wema eduze kwase-Tyrifjorden futhi waqopha ama-runes ebhulokhini elingu-31×32 cm letshe lesanti le-Ringerike elibomvu ngokubomvu. Bakhuluma uhlobo lwakuqala lolimi lwakudala lweNordic okuwulimi lwamadlozi lwezilimi zanamuhla zaseNordic ezikhulunywa eScandinavia namuhla.
Owesifazane okuthiwa u-Idibera?
Igama elibhalwe etsheni ngelomuntu ongcwatshwe khona? Ebusweni bangaphambili betshe, ama-rune ayisishiyagalombili agqama ngokucacile phakathi kweminye imibhalo. Ziguqulelwe zibe yizinhlamvu zesiLatini azipelayo: idiberug. Ingabe itshe lenzelwe “i-Idibera”? Noma ingabe inhloso kwakuwukubhala igama elithi 'Idibergu' noma igama lezihlobo elithi 'Idiberung'?
Izindlela zokubhala imibhalo emidala ye-rune zahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi ulimi luye lwashintsha kakhulu kusukela ngesikhathi lawa ma-runes aqoshwa kuze kube iNkathi yamaViking kanye neNkathi Ephakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhumusha imiyalezo esetsheni kuyinselele.
Ukubhala okudlalayo?
Itshe linezinhlobo eziningana zemibhalo. Eminye imigqa yakha iphethini yegridi, kunezibalo ezincane ze-zigzag nezinye izimpawu ezithakazelisayo. Akubona bonke abanengqondo yolimi, futhi umuntu angathola umbono wokuthi othile ulingise, wahlola noma wadlala ngokubhala. Mhlawumbe umbazi wayesematasa efunda ukuqopha ama-rune.
Kusenocwaningo oluningi okumelwe lwenziwe etsheni laseSvengerud, kodwa ngokungangabazeki, izazi zizothola ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nomlando wokuqala wokubhala kwe-runic kanye nesiko lokwenza amatshe e-rune.
I-alfabhethi yayo
I-Runes iyindlela endala eyaziwayo yokubhala eNorway. Siyazi ukuthi ama-runes ayesetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ekuqaleni kweNkathi Evamile nakuyo yonke iNkathi YamaViking kanye neNkathi Ephakathi.Izinhlamvu ze-runic zibizwa ngokuthi i-futhark, ngoba ama-runes ayisithupha okuqala athi "fu th ark". Etsheni likaSvengerud sithola nombhalo onezinhlamvu ezintathu zokuqala zezinhlamvu u-ᚠ (f), ᚢ (u) kanye no-ᚦ (th).
I-Runes izimpawu ezibhaliwe ezimelela imisindo ehlukene. Ezinye zibukeka njengosonhlamvukazi besiLatini, njengokuthi ᛒ (B). Amanye ama-runes afana nezinhlamvu zesiLatini, kodwa amele umsindo ohlukile: ᛖ = e. Abanye abafani nezinhlamvu esizisebenzisa namuhla: ᛈ isho p. Umbhalo we-runic ungase ugqugquzelwe yizinhlamvu zesiLatini, kodwa umsuka waso oqondile awuqiniseki. Labo abasungula umbhalo banikeze ama-runes i-twist yabo futhi bashintsha ukuhleleka kwezinhlamvu.
IMnyuziyamu Yomlando Wamasiko yenze ukumbiwa kwemivubukulo yendawo yokungcwaba eHole njengengxenye yentuthuko ehleliwe yeNye Veier AS yomgwaqo nojantshi (Ringeriksporteføljen) phakathi kweSandvika neHønefoss.
I-runestone izokhonjiswa eMnyuziyamu Womlando Wamasiko e-Oslo kusukela ngoJanuwari 21 kuya kuFebhuwari 26.
Lesi sihloko sishicilelwe kabusha Umnyuziyamu Wezomlando ngaphansi kwelayisense ye-Creative Commons. Funda i isihloko sokuqala.
