Ukuhamba kwabantu bewela uLwandle iBering besuka eNyakatho ye-Asia beya eNyakatho Melika kuyinto eyaziwayo emlandweni wokuqala wesintu. Noma kunjalo, ukwakheka kofuzo kwabantu ababehlala eNyakatho Asia ngalesi sikhathi kuye kwahlala kungaqondakali ngenxa yenani elilinganiselwe lama-genomes asendulo ahlaziywa kulesi sifunda. Manje, abacwaningi ababika ku-Current Biology ngoJanuwari 12 bachaza ama-genomes asuka kubantu abayishumi abafinyelela eminyakeni engu-7,500 ubudala asiza ukugcwalisa igebe futhi abonise ukugeleza kwezakhi zofuzo kubantu abasuka kwelinye icala besuka eNyakatho Melika baya eNyakatho ye-Asia.
Ukuhlaziya kwabo kuveza iqembu elingachazwanga ngaphambili labantu base-Holocene baseSiberia ababehlala esifundeni sase-Neolithic Altai-Sayan, eduze nalapho iRussia, i-China, iMongolia, neKazakhstan ihlangana khona. Idatha yofuzo ibonisa ukuthi babeyinzalo yabo bobabili abantu base-paleo-Siberian kanye ne-Ancient North Eurasian (ANE).
UCosimo Posth wase-University of Tübingen, eJalimane uthi: “Sichaza inani labazingeli ababengaziwa ngaphambili e-Altai kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-7,500 XNUMX ubudala, okuyingxubevange phakathi kwamaqembu amabili ahlukene ayehlala eSiberia phakathi neNkathi Yeqhwa yokugcina,” kusho uCosimo Posth wase-University of Tübingen, eJalimane. kanye nombhali ophezulu wocwaningo. "Iqembu labaqoqi be-Altai libe nesandla kubantu abaningi ababephila ngesikhathi esifanayo nabalandelayo kulo lonke elaseNyakatho ye-Asia, okubonisa ukuthi kwakukuhle kangakanani ukuhamba kwaleyo miphakathi edlayo."
U-Posth uphawula ukuthi isifunda sase-Altai saziwa kwabezindaba njengendawo lapho kwatholakala khona iqembu elisha le-archaic hominin, i-Denisovans. Kodwa lesi sifunda siphinde sibe nokubaluleka emlandweni wesintu njengesiphambano sokunyakaza kwabantu phakathi kwenyakatho yeSiberia, Central Asia, kanye naseMpumalanga Asia eminyakeni eyinkulungwane.
U-Posth nozakwabo babika ukuthi uhlobo oluhlukile lwezakhi zofuzo abalutholile lungamelela umthombo ophelele wenani labantu elihlobene ne-ANE elinikele kumaqembu e-Bronze Age avela eNyakatho ne-Inner Asia, njengabazingeli abaqoqa i-Lake Baikal, abelusi abahlobene ne-Okunevo, kanye ne-Tarim. Basin mummies. Bathola nozalo lwasendulo lwaseNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia (ANA)—olwaluchazwe ekuqaleni kubazingeli be-Neolithic abavela eMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia—komunye umuntu we-Neolithic Altai-Sayan ohlotshaniswa nezici zamasiko ezihlukile.
Okutholakele kuveza ukusabalala kozalo lwe-ANA cishe amakhilomitha ayi-1,500 ukuya entshonalanga kunangaphambili. EMpumalanga Ekude YaseRussia, baphinde bakhombe abantu abaneminyaka engu-7,000 ubudala abanozalo oluhlobene noJomon, okubonisa ukuxhumana namaqembu abazingeli abaqoqi abavela e-Japan Archipelago.
Imininingwane ibuye ihambisane nezigaba eziningi zokugeleza kofuzo kusuka eNyakatho Melika kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia phakathi neminyaka engu-5,000 edlule, kufinyelele eNhlonhlweni yaseKamchatka namaphakathi neSiberia. Abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi okutholakele kugqamisa inani labantu elixhumene kakhulu kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Asia kusukela ekuqaleni kweHolocene kuya phambili.
“Okungimangaze kakhulu okwangimangaza kakhulu kuvela kumuntu owayephila ngesikhathi esifanayo nabanye abazingeli base-Altai kodwa onephrofayili yofuzo ehluke ngokuphelele, ekhombisa ukuhlobana kwezakhi zofuzo kubantu abahlala eMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia,” kusho uKe Wang eFudan. Inyuvesi, China, kanye nombhali oholayo wocwaningo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umuntu waseNizhnetytkesken watholwa emhumeni onezinto zokungcwaba ezinothile nemvunulo yenkolo nezinto ezihunyushwa njengezimelela ubushamanism.”
U-Wang uthi okutholakele kusho ukuthi abantu abanamaphrofayili nezizinda ezihluke kakhulu babehlala endaweni efanayo ngesikhathi esifanayo.
“Akukacaci ukuthi ngabe umuntu waseNizhnetytkesken ubeqhamuka kude noma abantu aqhamuka kubo bebeseduze,” kusho yena. "Kodwa-ke, izimpahla zakhe ezimbi zibonakala zihlukile kunezinye izimo zemivubukulo yendawo ezisho ukuhamba kwabantu abahlukene ngokwamasiko nezakhi zofuzo endaweni yase-Altai."
Idatha yofuzo evela e-Altai ibonisa ukuthi iNyakatho ye-Asia yayinamaqembu axhumene kakhulu eminyakeni eyi-10,000 edlule, phakathi kwamabanga amade ezindawo. "Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukufuduka kwabantu kanye nengxubevange kwakuyinto evamile futhi akuyona into ehlukile futhi emiphakathini yasendulo yabazingeli," kusho u-Posth.
Ukwaziswa okwengeziwe: U-Ke Wang et al, i-Middle Holocene Siberian genomes iveza izakhi zofuzo ezixhumene kakhulu kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Asia, I-Curent Biology (2023).
