Ngaso sonke isikhathi, izinto ezithakazelisayo zifika edeskini lami ngaphezu kokuqonda kwethu. I-Newton Stone engaqondakali ingenye yalezi zinto zobuciko. Le monolith yasendulo inomlayezo oqoshiwe obhalwe ngolimi oluyimfihlakalo ongakaxazululwa kuze kube manje, futhi ukubhala kungafundwa kusetshenziswa okungenani izinhlamvu ezinhlanu zasendulo ezahlukene.
Ukwembulwa kweNewton Stone
Ngo-1804 u-Earl wase-Aberdeen, uGeorge Hamilton-Gordon, wakha umgwaqo eduze kwasePitmachie Farm e-Aberdeenshire. I-megalith engaqondakali yatholakala lapho, futhi umvubukuli waseScotland u-Alexander Gordon kamuva wayithuthela engadini yase-Newton House ePherishi laseCulsalmond, endaweni eyikhilomitha enyakatho ye-Pitmachie Farm. I-Newton Stone ichazwa kanje yi-Aberdeenshire Council of Newton House:
Iskripthi esingaziwa
Ulimi lokuqala lwesi-Irish lwabhalwa ngezinhlamvu ze-Ogham phakathi kwekhulu lokuqala nelesi-1. Umugqa omfushane wokubhala e-Newton Stone usakazwa engxenyeni yesithathu ephezulu yetshe. Inemigqa eyisithupha enezinhlamvu nezimpawu ezingama-9, okuhlanganisa ne-swastika. Izifundiswa azikaze zicabange ukuthi yiluphi ulimi okufanele zibhale lo mlayezo, ngakho ubizwa ngokuthi umbhalo ongaziwa.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bayavuma ukuthi ukubhala kuka-Ogham kudala kwakudala. Ngokwesibonelo, umbhalo oqoshiwe ongaziwa kwakucatshangwa ukuthi usuka ekhulwini lesi-9 isazi-mlando saseScotland uWilliam Forbes Skene. Noma kunjalo, izazi-mlando eziningana ziyagomela ukuthi umugqa omfushane wengezwe etsheni ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili noma ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, okusho ukuthi umbhalo ongaziwa ongaqondakali uwumgunyathi wakamuva noma umgunyathi owenziwe kabi.
Echaza Itshe
UJohn Pinkerton waqala ngokubhala ngemidwebo engaqondakali e-Newton Stone encwadini yakhe yango-1814 ethi Inquiry into the Story of Scotland, kodwa akazange azame ukuthola ukuthi “umbhalo ongaziwa” uthini.
Ngo-1822, uJohn Stuart, uprofesa wesiGreki eMarischal College, wabhala iphepha elithi Sculpture Pillars in the Northern Part of Scotland for the Edinburgh Society of Antiquaries. Kuyo, wakhuluma ngomzamo wokuhumusha owenziwa uCharles Vallancey, owayecabanga ukuthi abalingiswa kwakungesiLatini.
UDkt. William Hodge Mill (1792–1853) wayeyilungu lesonto laseNgilandi futhi engumfundi waseMpumalanga, inhloko yokuqala yeKholeji likaBhishobhi, eCalcutta, futhi ngemva kwalokho uRegius uSolwazi wesiHebheru eCambridge. Ngo-1856, uStuart wakhipha ama-Sculptured Stones aseScotland, achaza umsebenzi kaMill.
UDkt. Mills wathi umbhalo ongaziwa wawungowaseFenike. Ngenxa yokuthi wayaziwa kakhulu emkhakheni wezilimi zasendulo, abantu bawuthatha ngokungathi sína umbono wakhe. Bakhuluma ngayo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi embuthanweni weNhlangano YaseBrithani eCambridge, eNgilandi, ngo-1862.
Nakuba uDkt Mill ashona ngo-1853, iphepha lakhe elithi On the Decipherment of the Phoenician Inscribed on the Newton Stone latholakala e-Aberdeenshire, futhi ukuguqulwa kwakhe kombhalo ongaziwa kwafundwa phakathi nale mpikiswano. Izazi eziningana zavumelana noMill ngokuthi lo mbhalo wawubhalwe ngesiFenike. Isibonelo, uDkt. Nathan Davis wathola iCarthage, futhi uProf Aufrecht wacabanga ukuthi umbhalo wawubhalwe ngesiFenike.
Kodwa uMnumzane uThomas Wright, owayengabaza, wasikisela ukuhunyushwa okulula ngesiLatini esingcolile: Hie iacet Constantinus Nakhu lapho kungcwatshwa khona indodana. UMnu. Vaux weBritish Museum uyigunyaze njengesiLatini sangenkathi ephakathi. Umdwebi wemilando uConstantine Simonides naye wavumelana nenguqulo kaWright, kodwa wasishintsha isiLatini wasifaka esiGrekini.
Eminyakeni emithathu ngemva kwale nhlekelele, ngo-1865, isazi sasendulo u-Alexander Thomson sanikeza inkulumo eNhlanganweni Yase-Antiquaries yaseScotland lapho akhuluma khona ngezinkolelo-mbono ezinhlanu ezaziwa kakhulu mayelana nendlela yokuchaza ikhodi:
- UmFenike (uNathan Davis, uTheodor Aufrecht, noWilliam Mills);
- IsiLatini (uThomas Wright noWilliam Vaux);
- Uphawu lwamaGnostic (John O. Westwood)
- IsiGreki (uConstantine Simonides)
- Gaelic (umlobeli wakwaThomson ongathandanga ukudalulwa);
Imibono ehlukene iyanda!
Nakuba leli qembu lochwepheshe laliphikisana ngokuthi umbhalo oqoshiwe weNewton Stone wawusho ukuthini nokuthi yiziphi izilimi ezinhlanu okungenzeka zazisetshenziswa ukuze kubhalwe lo myalezo oyimfihlo, iqembu elihlukile labacwaningi abangavamile lalilokhu liza nemibono emisha. Ngokwesibonelo, uMnu. George Moore wasikisela ukuba lihunyushwe olimini lwesiHebheru-Bactrian, kuyilapho abanye beliqhathanisa neSinaitic, ulimi oludala lwamaKhanani.
ULieutenant Colonel Laurence Austine Waddell wayekade engumhloli wamazwe waseBrithani, uprofesa we-Tibetan, chemistry, kanye ne-pathology, kanye nomvubukuli oyimfundamakhwela ocwaninga isiSumerian nesiSanskrit. Ngo-1924, uWaddell washicilela imibono yakhe mayelana ne-Out of India, eyayihlanganisa nendlela entsha eqinile yokufunda ulimi olubizwa ngokuthi isiHitto-Fenike.
Izincwadi zikaWaddell ezinempikiswano ngomlando wempucuko zazithandwa kakhulu emphakathini. Namuhla, abanye abantu bambheka njengogqozi lwangempela lwempilo yomvubukuli oqanjiwe u-Indiana Jones, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe awumzuzisi inhlonipho njengesazi sase-Asiriya esingathí sina.
Isiphetho
Namuhla, imibono eminingi izama ukuthola ukuthi kusho ukuthini umlayezo ongaqondakali weNewton Stone. Eminye yale mibono ingeyesiLatini esonakele, isiLatini sangenkathi ephakathi, isiGreki, isiGaelic, uphawu lweGnostic, isiHebheru-Bactrian, isiHitto-Fenike, iSinaitic, nesi-Irish Sakudala. Nokho, le mibono kusamele ifakazelwe ukuthi ilungile. Kule mpelasonto, kufanele unikeze i-Newton Stone ihora njengoba bekungeke kube okokuqala ngqa ukuthi umuntu wangaphandle athole ukhiye wenkinga endala.
