Ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe labacwaningi abavela ku-Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology e-Leipzig, eJalimane, libika imininingwane emisha ngokuphelele ngemithetho yomshado yeNkathi Yethusi nezakhiwo zomndeni eGreece. Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo zasendulo kubonisa ukuthi ukukhetha umngane womshado kwakunqunywa ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu.
Umfanekiso owaziwa kakhulu kankulunkulukazi wamaMinoan, owabiwe ngobuciko futhi waboniswa ephethe amaketanga e-DNA esikhundleni sezinyoka. Inani labantu lizalwa emzimbeni wakhe "wasendulo". Uhlu lozalo olusawolintshi nolubomvu lubhekisela ekutholakaleni kocwaningo lwe-endogamy phakathi komzala wokuqala nowesibili.
Lapho u-Heinrich Schliemann ethola amathuna e-shaft anothe ngegolide aseMycenae anezifihla-buso zawo zegolide ezidumile eminyakeni engaphezu kweyi-100 edlule, wayengaqagela kuphela ngobudlelwane babantu abangcwatshwe kuwo. Manje, ngosizo lokuhlaziywa kwama-genomes asendulo, kwenzeke okokuqala ngqa ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nemithetho yokuhlobana nemishado eMinoan Crete naseMycenaean Greece. Imiphumela yanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Nature Ecology & Evolution.
Ithimba labacwaningi elivela ku-Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), kanye nethimba lamazwe ngamazwe lozakwethu, lihlaziye ama-genome angaphezu kuka-100 abantu be-Bronze Age abavela e-Aegean. “Ngaphandle kokubambisana okukhulu nabalingani bethu eGreece nasemhlabeni wonke, lokhu bekungeke kwenzeke,” kusho umvubukuli uPhilipp Stockhammer, omunye wababhali abaphambili balolu cwaningo.
Isihlahla sokuqala sebhayoloji somndeni wakwaMycenaean
Ngenxa yentuthuko yakamuva yendlela yokusebenza ekukhiqizweni nasekuhlolweni kwedathasethi yakudala yofuzo, manje sekukwazile ukukhiqiza idatha ebanzi ngisho nasezifundeni ezinezinkinga zokulondoloza i-DNA ngenxa yezimo zezulu, njengeGreece. Esigodini saseMycenaean sangekhulu le-16 BC, kuze kwaba nokwenzeka ngisho nokwakha kabusha ukuhlobana kwezakhamuzi zale ndlu—isihlahla somndeni sokuqala esakhiwe kabusha ngokofuzo kuso sonke isifunda sasendulo saseMedithera.
Ngokusobala, amanye amadodana ayesahlala esigodini sabazali bawo esekhulile. Izingane zabo zangcwatshwa ethuneni elingaphansi kwegceke lefa. Omunye wamakhosikazi owaganwa kulo muzi waletha udadewabo kubo, njengoba nengane yakhe yangcwatshwa kulo leli thuna.
Isiko ukushada umzala wokuqala
Nokho, okunye okwatholwa kwakungalindelekile neze: eKrethe nakwezinye iziqhingi zaseGreece, kanye nasemaphandleni, kwakuyinto evamile ukushada nomzala wakho wokuqala eminyakeni engu-4,000 XNUMX edlule.
Manje sekushicilelwe ama-genomes asendulo angaphezu kwenkulungwane avela ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, kodwa kubonakala sengathi isimiso esiqinile kangaka somshado wezihlobo sasingekho kwenye indawo emhlabeni wasendulo,” kusho u-Eirini Skourtanioti, umbhali oholayo walolu cwaningo. owenze ukuhlaziya. “Lokhu kusimangaze sonke futhi kwaphakamisa imibuzo eminingi.”
Ukuthi lo mthetho othile womshado ungachazwa kanjani, ithimba labacwaningi lingaqagela kuphela. “Mhlawumbe lena bekuyindlela yokuvikela ukuthi umhlaba wokulima owufuzo ungahlukaniswa kakhulu? Kunoma ikuphi, kuqinisekise ukuqhubeka okuthile komndeni endaweni eyodwa, okuyisidingo esibalulekile sokutshalwa kweminqumo newayini, ngokwesibonelo,” kusola iStockhammer. “Okuqinisekileyo ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo zasendulo kuzoqhubeka kusinikeza ulwazi olusha olumangalisayo ngezakhiwo zemindeni yasendulo esikhathini esizayo,” kunezela uSkourtanioti.
Ishicilelwe ekuqaleni: I-Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology – Nature Ecology & Evolution
