Ulwandle belulokhu luwumthombo ohehayo wokudla kubantu abahlala emaphethelweni ogu. Abantu abanjalo bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi “abasogwini” noma “abahamba olwandle”; baye bahlakulela amasiko ayingqayizivele, futhi baye baphumelela ezindaweni ezisogwini ezinonya izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Abantu baseGibhithe lasendulo bangaphansi kwalesi sigaba samasiko okuhamba olwandle.
Esikhathini sabo sokuqala samakhosi, cishe ngo-2200 BC, abaseGibhithe baqala ukusho iqembu elingaqondakali labantu elaziwa ngokuthi Abantu Basolwandle noma i-Repwet emibhalweni yaseGibhithe nasemisebenzini yobuciko. Lesi sihloko sihlola umsuka nomlando wabantu baseLwandle kanye nomthelela wabo eGibhithe lasendulo.
Babengobani Abantu Basolwandle?
Abantu Basolwandle babeyinhlangano yabasolwandle ababehlala empumalanga yeMedithera, begasela futhi bephanga ugu lwesifunda ngesikhathi sokuwa kweBronze Age (1200-900 BCE). I-Sea People kukhulunywa ngayo kakhulu ngokuthi bahlasele futhi bahlasela i-Egypt kanye noMbuso WamaHeti ngasekupheleni kwe-Bronze Age, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi babeyiqembu elifudukayo noma elihlaselayo. Ngokusho kwamarekhodi aseGibhithe namaHeti, abantu Basolwandle bavela oLwandle LwaseMedithera, okungase kubonise ukuthi babengamatilosi noma abantu abafana nemikhumbi.
Kungani bahlasela iGibhithe nezinye izifunda ezisempumalanga yeMedithera?
Abantu baseLwandle ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi bavela eMedithera. Imibhalo yaseGibhithe ibonisa ukuthi babefuna ukufuduka noma ukuhlasela endaweni ethile endaweni. Noma ngabe baphuma kuphi, kungenzeka ukuthi bebebalekela isigameko sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu njengesomiso, ukuwa komphakathi wabo, noma ukuhlaselwa kwabantu abangomakhelwane. Cishe i-Egypt yayiyizisulu ngoba yayicebile futhi yayingasebenzisa leli thuba.
Cishe ingcebo yaseGibhithe yayivela kokusanhlamvu okwakulinywa kuleyo ndawo. Abantu Basolwandle kungenzeka ukuthi babefuna ukuthatha izwe kwabaseGibhithe namaHeti, okwakuzochaza isikhathi sokuhlasela kwabo. Lokhu kungasiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani babephumelele kangaka ekuhlaseleni kwabo nokuthi kungani amaHeti nabaseGibhithe behluleka ukuziphindisela emuva ngokumelene nabo.
Balwa kanjani?
Akukuningi okwaziwayo ngamasu asetshenziswa abantu baseLwandle, nokho, bakwazile ukuhlasela ngempumelelo iNayile Delta, iNayile Valley, iKhanani, iSyria kanye ne-Anatolia. Cishe kwakungamasosha asolwandle, okwabavumela ukuba bahambe amabanga amade baye ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene eMedithera futhi bahlasele lezi zifunda.
Abantu Basolwandle kungenzeka basebenzisa inhlanganisela yezikhali ezahlukene ukuze bahlasele futhi bagasele izitha zabo. Esokuqala salezi zikhali kwakuwumnsalo nomcibisholo. Abacibisheli babekwazi ukucibishela imicibisholo besemikhunjini, futhi imicibisholo yayikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Lokhu kwenza abacibisheli bakwazi ukuhlasela izitha bekude, okwakubenza bahlale bephephile lapho behlasela.
Kukholakala futhi ukuthi i-Sea People isebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo ze-projectiles, njenge-javelin noma imikhonto. Okwesithathu, Abantu Basolwandle mhlawumbe basebenzisa amathuluzi afana nezimbazo noma izinkemba ukubulala noma ukulimaza izitha zabo. Ekugcineni, i-Sea People cishe basebenzisa imikhumbi eyayenziwe ngokhuni noma yesikhumba ukuze ihambe futhi ihlasele eMedithera.
Bavelaphi?
Imvelaphi eqondile yoLwandle LwaseLwandle akwaziwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi abantu baseLwandle badabuka ezindaweni ezahlukene. Kungenzeka ukuthi babevela oLwandle LwaseMedithera, ababezongena kulo ukuze bahlasele iGibhithe nezinye izindawo eziseMpumalanga yeMedithera.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi bavela oLwandle i-Aegean, oluseduze noLwandle LwaseMedithera futhi okungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyindawo lapho okwadabuka khona abantu Basolwandle. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi babevela ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga yeMedithera, njengaseSpain, eMorocco, noma eGibraltar. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi i-Sea People ivela kwezinye izindawo ngaphandle kwaseMedithera, njengoLwandle Olumnyama noma iNyakatho Yurophu.
Amazwi wokugcina
I-Sea People engaqondakali iyiqembu labantu abadumile abavela kumarekhodi hhayi kuphela eGibhithe lasendulo, kodwa futhi nezinye izimpucuko zasendulo ezihlukahlukene. Ziqala ukuvela kubhubhane olukhulu olwahlasela iMedithera kanye ne-Near East ngekhulu le-13 BCE. I-Sea Peoples kukhulunywa ngayo futhi kamuva kweminye imibhalo eminingana, njengezincwadi zase-Amarna kanye namarekhodi ka-Ramses III, lapho zivela khona futhi njengabahlaseli abasabisayo olwandle.
I-Sea People ixhunywe namaqembu amaningana ahlukene abantu emlandweni. Eminye imibono ithi kwakuyizizwe noma izizwe zangempela; abanye basikisela ukuthi babengamaqhawe aphakeme, ama-mercenaries noma izinhloli; kuyilapho abanye bekholelwa ukuthi zingase zibe umfanekiso wasenganekwaneni wenhlekelele yemvelo. Ngakho babengobani laba Bantu Basolwandle abayizimfihlakalo?
