Ukumbiwa kwemivubukulo e-Majoonsuo, e-Outokumpu, empumalanga ye-Finland, kuveze okutholakele okumangalisayo: ingane ye-Stone Age yaxhunywa nezimpaphe noboya.
Emgwaqweni owubhuqu ehlathini, ithimba labavubukuli lathola amasampula okuqala oboya nezimpaphe emngcwabeni we-Finnish Mesolithic. Izinqubo zomngcwabo zezinkulungwane zeminyaka edlule kule ndawo aziqondwa kahle. Lolu wulwazi olusha kakhulu kosomlando.
Ukuthola okuyingqayizivele kusukela ku-Stone Age
Kunzima ukuhlanganisa impucuko yasendulo kusukela ezinkomba ezimbalwa ezisekhona namuhla ku-archeology. Izinkulungwane zeminye imikhondo azikho, futhi phakathi kwazo kukhona izinto eziphilayo. Ngisho nangokwengeziwe eFinland, lapho ubumuncu bomhlaba buwohloza ngokushesha izinto eziphilayo.
Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olusha oluholwa yiNyuvesi yaseHelsinki, uTuija Kirkinen, lwathola ukuthi izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ezibucayi emathuneni zingahlala emhlabeni izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
I-Finnish Heritage Agency yaba ngeyokuqala ukuhlola umngcwabo ngo-2018 ngoba kukholakala ukuthi usengozini yokucekelwa phansi. Le ndawo ingaphansi komgwaqo owubhuqu osehlathini, ukhakhayi lwethuna luvezwe kancane.
Idiphozi itholwe ngenxa yombala obomvu oshubile we-ocher. Lo mhlabathi wobumba ocebile ngensimbi nawo wawusetshenziswa emidwebeni yemigede emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngesikhathi kumbiwa kwatholakala amazinyo ambalwa kuphela, okukhomba ukuthi kwakungumfana ophakathi kweminyaka emi-3 neyi-10. Imicibisholo ye-quartz eguquguqukayo nezinye izinto ezimbili ezingaba zento efanayo nazo zatholwa.
Ngokusho kokuma kwemicibisholo kanye nokuthandana ezingeni logu, kungalinganiselwa ukuthi umngcwabo uvela enkathini ye-Mesolithic ye-Stone Age.
Ngokufanayo, kutholwe izingcezu ezingabonakali ezincane ezingu-24 zezimpaphe zezinyoni, eziningi zazo zisuka phansi enyoni yasemanzini. Lezi izingcezu zezimpaphe ezindala kakhulu eFinland. Nakuba imvelaphi yabo ingenakuqinisekiswa ngokuqiniseka, ingase ivele ezingutsheni, njengepaki noma i-anorak. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ingane yayilala phansi.
Futhi, kwatholakala nentshebe eyodwa yophaphe lwe-falcon, okungenzeka ukuthi yayivela ekucushweni kwemicibisholo ye-quartz. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi izimpaphe zokheshe zazisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ithuna noma izingubo zomntwana oshonile.
Izinqubo zokutholwa
Ngaphandle kwalezi zimpaphe, kwatholakala izingcezu ezingu-24 zoboya bezilwane ezincelisayo, phakathi kwamamilimitha angu-0.5 no-9.5 ubude. Iningi lazo lalicekelwe phansi kabi, okwenza ukuba kungenzeki ukuhlonza.
Okutholwe kahle kakhulu kwakuyizinwele ze-canine ezi-3, okungenzeka ukuthi ziyisilwane esizingelayo, ezazingaphansi kwethuna. Nakuba zingaba nezezicathulo, izingubo zokugqoka, noma isilwane esifuywayo esingcwatshwe eduze kwengane.
Inhloso enkulu bekuwukuphenya ukuthi izinsalela zezitshalo nezilwane ezonakaliswe kakhulu zingalandelwa kanjani kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya umhlabathi. Kulolu phenyo, kwaqoqwa izikhwama ezingama-65 ezinamasampula enhlabathi futhi ochwepheshe basenyuvesi bahlukanisa izinto eziphilayo namasampula kusetshenziswa amanzi.
Imicu nezinwele eziveziwe zaskeniwa futhi zahlonzwa kusetshenziswa ukukhanya okudluliswayo kanye ne-electron microscopy. Indlela eyingqayizivele yokuhlukanisa i-fiber eyasungulwa ngocwaningo nayo yasetshenziswa, okuthenjwa ukuthi izohlinzeka ngemodeli yezifundo zesikhathi esizayo.
Amalabhorethri afinyelela ku-3 ahlukene ahlola izinsalela ezitholakele, efuna ama-microparticles nama-fatty acids. Inhlabathi ebomvu yahlungwa futhi yahlukaniswa kancane nenhlabathi engumzali.
Imicu yezitshalo nayo yayinemicu ye-bast, evela kumnyezane noma sembabazane. Cishe ayeyingxenye yenetha elikhudlwana, mhlawumbe elalisetshenziselwa ukudoba noma njengentambo yokubopha izingubo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lokhu kutholwa kwesibili kwe-bast fiber e-Finland kusukela ku-Stone Age.
Kubacwaningi, “konke lokhu kusinika ukuqonda okubalulekile ngemikhuba yokungcwaba ye-Stone Age, okubonisa ukuthi abantu babeyilungiselele kanjani ingane uhambo lwangemva kokufa.”
Kuyisambulo esivula amehlo mayelana nokuthi kuncane kangakanani esikwaziyo ngesintu sasendulo ezindaweni ezithile, kanye nesikhumbuzo sokuthi kusenendlela ende okufanele siyihambe ukuze sidalule izimfihlakalo zesikhathi esedlule.
Ucwaningo lushicilelwe kujenali yesayensi I-PLOS ONE. Izithenjwa: Isaziso soSayensi/ Isayensi Ebukhoma / Isayensi ye-IFL
