NgoNovemba 2013, ososayensi bathola enye ye-DNA yomuntu endala kunazo zonke emhlabeni, equkethe ubufakazi bezinhlobo ezingaziwa, ethanjeni lethanga elineminyaka engu-400,000 ubudala. I-DNA evela kulawa madlozi angabantu aneminyaka engamakhulu ezinkulungwane ubudala ibonisa iphethini eyinkimbinkimbi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo emsuka wamaNeanderthal kanye nabantu banamuhla. Ithambo elomuntu, kodwa liqukethe 'I-ALIEN DNA'. Lokhu okutholakele okuphawulekayo kuye kwenza ososayensi bangabaza konke abakwaziyo ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu.
Izakhi zofuzo ezineminyaka engu-400,000 ubudala zivela emathanjeni axhunywe namaNeanderthals eSpain - kodwa isignesha yawo ifana kakhulu neyabantu basendulo abahlukile abavela eSiberia, eyaziwa ngokuthi amaDenisovans.
Zingaphezu kuka-6,000 izinsalela zabantu, ezimele abantu ababalelwa ku-28, zitholwe endaweni yase-Sima de los Huesos, okuyigumbi lomhume okunzima ukulithola elisendaweni ecishe ibe ngamamitha angama-100 ngaphansi komhlaba enyakatho yeSpain. Izinsalela zabonakala zigcinwe kahle ngendlela engavamile, ngenxa yezinga lokushisa elipholile elingapheli lomhume kanye nomswakama ophezulu.
Abacwaningi abenze ukuhlaziya bathi abakutholile kubonisa “isixhumanisi esingalindelekile” phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zomzala wethu ongasekho. Lokhu kutholakala kungadalula imfihlakalo - hhayi kuphela kubantu bokuqala ababehlala endaweni yomhume eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Sima de los Huesos (igama lesiSpanishi elisho “Umgodi Wamathambo”), kodwa nakwezinye izixuku ezingaqondakali endaweni. Inkathi ye-Pleistocene.
Ukuhlaziywa kwangaphambilini kwamathambo avela emhumeni kuye kwaholela abacwaningi ukuba bacabange ukuthi abantu baseSima de los Huesos babehlobene eduze namaNeanderthal ngesisekelo sezici zabo zamathambo. Kodwa i-DNA ye-mitochondrial yayifana kakhulu neyamaDenisovans, abantu bokuqala okwakucatshangwa ukuthi bahlukana namaNeanderthals cishe eminyakeni engu-640,000 edlule.
Ososayensi baphinde bathola ukuthi iphesenti elilodwa le-Denisovan genome livela kwesinye isihlobo esingaqondakali esibizwa ngokuthi “umuntu wakudala” izazi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi, abanye abantu banamuhla bangabamba cishe amaphesenti angu-1 alezi zindawo zofuzo “ezidala kakhulu”. Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu baseSima de los Huesos babehlobene eduze namaNeanderthals, amaDenisovans kanye nenani elingaziwa labantu bokuqala. Pho, angaba ubani lokhokho ongumuntu ongaziwa?
Omunye ongase abe yimbangi kungaba Homo erectus ekugcineni, ukhokho ongumuntu owanyamalala owahlala e-Afrika eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-1 edlule. Inkinga ukuthi, asikaze sikuthole H erectus I-DNA, ngakho-ke okuningi esingakwenza ukuqagela okwamanje.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye osolwazi baye baveza imicabango ethakazelisa ngempela. Bathi lokho okubizwa ngamaphesenti angama-97 okulandelana okungafaki amakhodi ku-DNA yomuntu akuyona into engaphansi kofuzo. ipulani yempilo yangaphandle komhlaba amafomu.
Ngokusho kwabo, ezikhathini ezikude, i-DNA yomuntu yayiklanywe ngamabomu uhlobo oluthile lohlanga oluthuthukile lwangaphandle komhlaba; futhi ukhokho ongaziwa “wakudala kakhulu” wabantu baseSima de los Huesos angaba ubufakazi balokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo kokwenziwa.
Ukuxhumana kwangaphandle komhlaba noma uhlobo lwabantu olungaziwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luyini, okutholakele kumane kwenze kube nzima umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo womuntu wanamuhla - kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka kube nabantu abaningi abahilelekile. Ziyimfihlakalo, ziyizimfihlo futhi bakhona (ngaphakathi kwethu) izigidi zeminyaka.
