Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi bekholelwa ukuthi iNyanga yakhiwa emfucumfucwini eyashiywa ngemva kokuba iplanethi elingana ne-Mars ebizwa ngokuthi i-Theia (ebuye yaziwe ngokuthi “iThea”) ishayisane noMhlaba. Lo mcimbi oyinhlekelele wamukelwa kabanzi njengencazelo ehamba phambili yokuthi uMhlaba uthole kanjani isathelayithi, kodwa kusekuningi esingakwazi ngalesi sikhathi esiguqukayo emlandweni weplanethi yethu.
Lapho osomkhathi be-Apollo behlola indawo yenyanga, bathola amatshe amaningana angajwayelekile ayebonakala engekho. Lezi zingcezu ezingu-angular zaziwa ngokuthi amadwala e-"blue-loop" ngenxa yombala wazo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlukile kanye nokubukeka kwe-loop lapho ebhekwa ngaphansi kokukhulisa.
Lawa matshe angajwayelekile atholwa okokuqala eNyangeni osomkhathi ngesikhathi semishini ye-Apollo 14 ngo-1971. Kusukela lapho, ososayensi bathole izibonelo ezifanayo kwezinye izingosi ezahlukahlukene eNyangeni. Kodwa ukuthi bayini ngempela, nokuthi bavelaphi, kuseyimpicabadala.
NgoJanuwari 2019, ososayensi base-Australia bathola into eshaqisayo, beveza ukuthi isiqephu setshe esibuyiswe ngabasebenzi be-Apollo 14 moon landings empeleni savela eMhlabeni.
Ososayensi basho esihlokweni esanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Earth and Planetary Science Letters ukuthi leli dwala kungenzeka ukuthi laliyingxenye yemfucumfucu eyajikijelwa enyangeni isuka eMhlabeni ngenxa yokuphahlazeka kweplanethi yethu iplanethi yethu eyizigidigidi zeminyaka edlule.
Amatshe amatshe aqoqwa ngesikhathi semishini ye-Apollo 14, eyethulwa ngo-1971 futhi kwakuyimishini yesithathu yasemkhathini ukufika ngempumelelo enyangeni. U-Alan Shepard, uStuart Roosa, no-Edgar Mitchell bachitha izinsuku eziningi bezungeza inyanga benza izivivinyo zesayensi nokubona, kuyilapho u-Shepard noMitchell bebambe iqhaza ohambweni lwasemkhathini lwamahora angu-33 endaweni yenyanga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, osomkhathi babuya namatshe acishe abe ngu-42kg. Leli qoqo lemfucumfucu yenyanga lisinikeze ingcebo yolwazi mayelana nokwakheka nokuvela kwenyanga.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwezinye zalezi zakhi, nokho, lubonise ukuthi okungenani amatshe amatshe enyanga aqoqwe uShepard noMitchell kungenzeka ukuthi avela eMhlabeni.
NgokukaProfesa Alexander Nemchin we-Curtin University's School of Earth and Planetary Sciences eNtshonalanga Australia, ukwakheka kwelinye lamadwala enyanga kufana kakhulu negwadle, elinenani elikhulu lequartz ngaphakathi. Nakuba i-quartz ivamile eMhlabeni, kunzima kakhulu ukuyithola enyangeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bahlola i-zircon etholakala edwaleni, i-mineral eyeqembu lama-neo-silicates akhona eMhlabeni naseNyangeni. Baqaphele ukuthi i-zircon ekhonjwe edwaleni ifana namafomu asemhlabeni kodwa ayikho into etholwe ngaphambilini ezintweni zenyanga. Ososayensi bathola ukuthi idwala lakhiwe endaweni ene-oxidizing, okungaba yivelakancane kakhulu enyangeni.
Ngokuka-Nemchin, lokhu okubonayo kunikeza ubufakazi obubalulekile bokuthi idwala alidalwanga enyangeni, kodwa kunalokho livela eMhlabeni. Akazange awuchithe umqondo wokuthi leli dwala lakhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo enyangeni ezenzeka okwesikhashana, kodwa waphetha ngokuthi lokhu kwakungenakwenzeka kakhulu.
Kunalokho, abacwaningi bahlongoza elinye ithuba. Bacabanga ukuthi idwala ladluliselwa enyangeni ngemva kokudalwa kwalo, okungenzeka ngenxa yomthelela we-asteroid noMhlaba eminyakeni eyizigidigidi edlule.
Ngokwalo mbono, i-asteroid yashayisana noMhlaba eminyakeni eyizigidigidi edlule, yadedela imfucumfucu namadwala emzileni, amanye awo ahlala enyangeni.
Lo mbono ungachaza ukuthi kungani idwala libonakala linokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuhambisana nezimo zeplanethi ewumhlaba kunezimo zeplanethi yenyanga. Kuphinde kuhambisane nezinkolelo mayelana nohlobo lokuqhuma kwamabhomu okwashintsha uMhlaba eminyakeni eyizigidigidi edlule.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, ama-asteroids kanye nama-meteorite kungenzeka ukuthi ashaye uMhlaba phakathi nezigaba zawo zokuqala zokukhula, okubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ebusweni bawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucatshangelwa ukuthi inyanga ibisondele okungenani kathathu eMhlabeni phakathi nale nkathi, okwenza kube nokwenzeka kakhulu ukuthi inyanga nayo ithinteke yimfucumfucu endizayo ngenxa yalokhu kushayisana.
Uma lo mbono ulungile, idwala elibuyiswe abasebenzi be-Apollo 14 lingelinye lamadwala asemhlabeni amadala kakhulu ake atholakala. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Zircon kubeke iminyaka yedwala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4, okwenza libe lincane kunekristalu ye-zircon etholakala eNtshonalanga ye-Australia njengedwala elidala kunazo zonke elaziwayo lomhlaba.
Lawa matshe asendulo angase abonakale engamatshe amancane, angenasizotha, kodwa anamandla okuguqula ulwazi lwethu ngezigaba zokuqala zokuphila koMhlaba.
Ngenhla, lokhu kwakuwumbono ovamile wesayensi evamile. Kodwa kunokubanjwa okungavamile kulokhu kutholakala. Ngokusho kwabanye ososayensi, itshe alizange lifinyelele phezulu enyangeni ngokwemvelo, kodwa ngezindlela ezithile zokwenziwa. Basho lokhu, bekholelwa ku I-hypothesis ye-Silurian.
I-hypothesis ye-Silurian ngokuyisisekelo iveza ukuthi abantu abazona izinto zokuqala eziphilayo ezavela emhlabeni wethu nokuthi ukube bekunezandulela eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-100 edlule, cishe bonke ubufakazi bazo ngabe sebulahlekile njengamanje.
Ukucacisa, umbhali wefiziksi nocwaningo u-Adam Frank wathi esiqeshini sase-Atlantic, "Akuvamisile ukuthi ushicilele iphepha elinikeza umbono ongawusekeli." Ngamanye amazwi, abakholelwa ebukhoneni bempucuko yasendulo ye-Time Lords kanye neLizard People. Kunalokho, umgomo wabo uwukuthola ukuthi singabuthola kanjani ubufakazi bempucuko emidala kumaplanethi akude.
Kungase kubonakale kunengqondo ukuthi singafakaza ubufakazi bempucuko enjalo - phela, izibankwakazi zazikhona eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-100 edlule, futhi lokhu siyakwazi ngoba izinsalela zawo zamathambo sezitholakele. Noma kunjalo, babeneminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-150.
Kuyaphawuleka lokho ngoba akukhona nje ukuthi amanxiwa ale mpucuko ecatshangelwayo angaba madala kangakanani noma abanzi kangakanani. Kuphinde futhi ukuthi sekunesikhathi esingakanani ikhona. Ubuntu buye banda emhlabeni wonke ngesikhathi esifushane ngokumangazayo - cishe iminyaka eyi-100,000.
Uma olunye uhlobo lwezilwane lwenza okufanayo, amathuba ethu okuwuthola emlandweni wokwakheka komhlaba abe mancane kakhulu. Ucwaningo olwenziwa uFrank kanye nombhali kanye naye oyisazi sesimo sezulu u-Gavin Schmidt luhlose ukukhomba izindlela zokuthola impucuko yesikhathi esijulile.
Ngakho-ke, ingabe lawo mathiyori alungile? Kungenzeka yini ukuthi eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine edlule, impucuko ethuthukile njengathi yachuma kule planethi futhi yakwazi ukuthonya indawo yenyanga. Siyazi ukuthi uMhlaba ulinganiselwa eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4 ubudala, kodwa lokhu ukulinganisa nje, akekho ongaphetha ngokuthi uMhlaba wadalwa nini, nokuthi zingaki izimpucuko empeleni owazibona emlandweni wawo.
