Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu bethakazeliswa yimipiramidi yaseGibhithe, futhi kunzima ukubasola ngokunikwa imfihlakalo ezungeze indalo yabo. Abaningi mhlawumbe abakholwa ukuthi zenzelwe uzungu ukuthi zakhiwa ngabafokazi, kepha ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, abantu abaningi babona ukuthi imibhoshongo yaseGibhithe ayakhiwe neze ngemisebenzi yezigqila ngendlela ejwayelekile njengoba kusho abacwaningi abakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, abantu eminyakeni engama-4,000 eyedlule bakha kanjani izakhiwo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nezidumile? Impicabadala yokuthi amaphiramidi akhiwa kanjani kungenzeka ukuthi isondela ekuphenduleni. Ingabe imishini yakha amaPiramidi aseGibhithe?
Ngo-440 BC, isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki nesazimlando uHerodotus wabhala “Imilando,” othathwa njengomunye wemibhalo yakhe ebaluleke kakhulu. Isazi-mlando esikhulu sixoxa ngamarekhodi omlando namasiko avela eNtshonalanga Asia, eNyakatho Afrika naseGrisi, kufaka phakathi ezombusazwe, ezokuma komhlaba namasiko.
“Imilando” yayidlulele kangangokuba yasungula uhlaka locwaningo lomlando kusiko lethu. Kodwa-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi ufihla iqiniso ngemfihlakalo isintu ebesizama ukuyixazulula iminyaka eminingi ngokusho kwakhe.
Imfihlakalo ehambisana nemipiramidi yaseGibhithe
Amaphiramidi aseGibhithe ayizakhiwo zokwakhiwa kwamatshe ezinesimo samaphiramidi weJiyomethri aphelele awakhiwa eGibhithe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule. Ngokwemibiko, inani lamaphiramidi aseGibhithe ahlonishwayo lilinganiselwa ku-118 kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2021. Ngesikhathi soMbuso Omdala naphakathi, iningi lakhiwa njengamathuna ofaro bombuso nabangane babo.
IPhiramidi lokuqala eGibhithe lakhiwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaFaro Djoser ngesikhathi sobukhosi besithathu. Isakhiwo esakhiwe ngamatshe esikhuphuke ngezigaba kwaba ukuqala kohlobo olulodwa lwezakhiwo - inguquko enkulu kusiko lwaseGibhithe lasendulo.
IStram Pyramid yaseDjoser, inkosi yesibili yoBukhosi BesiThathu, yakhiwa ngaphakathi kwendawo ebiyelwe enkulu esezikhundleni eSaqqara, ebheke edolobheni lasendulo iMemphis.
IPhiramidi ye-Djoser yakhiwa eSaqqara, eGibhithe, phakathi kuka-2630 BC kanye no-2611 BC njengethuna likaFaro Djoser (noma uZoser). Noma kuyisakhiwo samatshe esikhulu esakhiwe esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kuvame ukusithwa yimipiramidi edume kakhulu eGibhithe.
Lo mbhoshongo wawungamamitha angama-60 ubude, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi wawakhiwe ngezigaba, kuqala ngengxenye eyisikwele yesisekelo sawo futhi waphetha ngesithupha esanqamuka engqungqutheleni. Kodwa-ke, kwaze kwaba yilapho uSneferu ethatha isihlalo sobukhosi lapho iphiramidi yahlelwa kabusha. Le nkosi yakha imibhoshongo emithathu, eyashintsha ngokuphelele ukwakhiwa nokwakhiwa kwamapiramidi aseGibhithe.
Ngokumangazayo, izazi zicabanga ukuthi iPhiramidi Elibomvu, elalakhiwe enkosini yasebukhosini yaseDahshur, lalisebenza njengesibonelo sePiramidi Elikhulu laseGiza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, la maPhiramidi Amakhulu aba yindawo yabavakashi kanye nesinye sezindawo eziheha izivakashi emhlabeni.
Nokho, ayikho imibhalo yokwakhiwa kwabo etholakele, futhi akukho okucacile okutholakele mayelana nokuthi wazakha kanjani futhi kanjani lezi zakhiwo ezimangalisayo ezikhathini zasendulo. Akukho okubonisa ukuthi zazakhiwe kanjani kunoma iyiphi incwadi yasendulo yaseGibhithe. Lokhu kube ngesinye sezimfumbe ezidida kakhulu kwezokuvubukula, nasemphakathini wonke.
Izinga elimangalisayo lokunemba liphakamisa ukuthi amaphiramidi akhiwa kusetshenziswa imishini
Kukholakala kabanzi ukuthi ngokufika kwamaCheops, kwaqala inkathi entsha ekwakhiweni kwepiramidi. UJufu o Jéops, owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi uCheops, wayengufaro wesibili wobukhosi besine boMbuso Omdala waseGibhithe, obusa kusukela ngo-2589 BC kuya ku-2566 BC.
I-Cheops ihlonishwa ngokwakhiwa kwe-Great Pyramid yaseGiza, eyakha nomdwebi wezakhiwo u-Hemiunu esikhathini esingaphumuli seminyaka engu-20. UHerodotus uthi:
“UCheops wamisa uMbhoshongo Omkhulu WaseGiza, waze wadayisa indodakazi yakhe ngomzimba ukuze athole imali yokwakha umbhoshongo wakhe. abaseGibhithe.”
Ngoba alikho irekhodi elitholakele, kucatshangwa ukuthi kuyiphupho nje elivunywa yimivubukulo ngoba akukho mbhalo olisekelayo. IPhiramidi Elikhulu laseGiza linamandla aphelele angama-cubic metres angu-2,583,283, okwenza kube ngobukhulu besithathu emhlabeni ngokuya ngevolumu, yize liphakeme kakhulu ngamamitha ayi-146.7.
Ukunemba okwenziwe ngakho iPhiramidi Enkulu, noma kunjalo, kuyiqiniso elingalindelekile nelingachazeki kochwepheshe abathintekayo ngalo. Labo abaphethe ukwakha amaphiramidi bakwenze ngokunemba okucokeme kangangoba cishe akunakwenzeka ukuphinda bavuselele lesi sakhiwo ezikhathini zamanje.
Isici esithakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ngomunye wemisebenzi eyindida kakhulu emlandweni womhlaba, yize kungekho mibhalo etholakele. Kuyenzeka ukuthi kube khona irekhodi elikhuluma ngomzamo owenziwe wokubakha, yize kwavela eminyakeni engu-2,000 XNUMX kamuva.
UHerodotus nemishini esezingeni eliphezulu
UHerodotus uxoxa ngemishini yobuchwepheshe noma imishini engahle isetshenziswe ngenkathi kwakhiwa okungenani iPiramidi Enkulu yaseGiza emsebenzini wakhe "Imilando."
Ngokusho kombhalo, lapho sekubekwe amatshe esisekelo, “Imishini” babeqashelwe ukufaka labo abahamba ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, uHerodotus ngokwakhe akaqiniseki ngenani lemishini esetshenziselwe ukwakha imibhoshongo yaseGibhithe.
Okulandelayo ngumbhalo ocashunwe ku-'The Histories ':
"Lo mbhoshongo wawumiswe ngezitebhisi, umi ngendlela yemibhoshongo, njengoba abanye beyibiza kanjalo, noma umi ngendlela ende, ngokusho kwabanye." Ngemuva kokubeka amatshe esisekelo, basebenzise imishini ukufaka amatshe asele…
… Umshini wokuqala wawaphakamisa wawususa phansi wayowela esinyathelweni sokuqala. Phezu kwalokhu kwakukhona omunye umshini, owawuthatha itshe ekufikeni kwalo waliletha esinyathelweni sesibili, lapho laqhubekela khona phambili kakhulu ngomshini wesithathu.
Kuphakathi kokuthi babenemishini eminingi njengoba kwakukhona izitebhisi kule phiramidi, noma babenomshini owodwa kuphela owawuthi, ngoba wawusuka kalula, wawusuka kolunye ungqimba uye kolunye njengoba amatshe ayenyuka; zombili izimangalo zinikezelwe, ngakho-ke ngixoxa ngazo zombili…
Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi uHerodotus uthole lolu lwazi kubapristi ahlangana nabo eGibhithe. Wayesho ukuthini uHerodotus lapho ethi: “Imishini ephakamise amatshe yawabeka ezindaweni zawo”?
Amagama azwakala njengethiyori yozungu empeleni alotshwe omunye wezazi-mlando ezivelele zesintu. Ingabe lena incwadi endala ewubufakazi ebonisa ukuthi abaseGibhithe lasendulo babesekelwa ubuchwepheshe obuphakeme obungakaze butholakale ngaphambili noma ukuthi babenobuchwepheshe nolwazi oluthuthuke ngale kwezikhathi zabo?
Lokhu kuze kuholele esiphethweni sokuthi yonke imipiramidi yomhlaba yadalwa kusetshenziswa lawa madivayisi. Kunamathuba amaningi; mhlawumbe abantu ababhekele ukuletha lobu buchwepheshe bahamba nabo ngemuva kokuqedwa komsebenzi.
Lokhu kungahle kuchaze ukuthi kungani kungatholakalanga imikhondo. Ukwakhiwa okungenaphutha kwemipiramidi kuholele abaningi ekucabangeni ukuthi abantu nje abakwazanga ukuzimisa ngokwabo, futhi ukuphawula komuntu obaluleke kangako ngokomlando kusebenza ukuqinisa le mibono. Iyini imicabango yakho? Ngabe imishini yakha imipiramidi yaseGibhithe ngempela?
