Sekungamakhulu eminyaka izazi-mlando nabavubukuli bedidekile ngezimfihlakalo eziningi zikaStonehenge, isikhumbuzo sangaphambi komlando esathatha abakhi beNeolithic iminyaka elinganiselwa ku-1,500 100 ukuba bayimise. Kutholakala eningizimu yeNgilandi, inamatshe amakhulu angama-XNUMX amile abekwe ngendlela eyisiyingi.
Yize izifundiswa eziningi zesimanje sezivuma ukuthi iStonehenge yake yaba yindawo yokungcwaba, kusamele banqume ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izinhloso ezisebenzisayo nokuthi impucuko engenabo ubuchwepheshe besimanje — noma isondo — yasikhiqiza kanjani isikhumbuzo esikhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwaso kudida kakhulu ngoba, ngenkathi ama-sandstone slabs eringi lawo angaphandle evela ezinkwalini zasendaweni, ososayensi balandelele ama-bluestones akha indandatho yawo yangaphakathi yonke indlela eya ePreseli Hills eWales, ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-200 ukusuka lapho kuhlala khona uStonehenge eSalisbury Plain.
Imicimbi engaqondakali esizeni saseStonehenge
Ngo-2015, uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe uMike Hallowell wabizelwa ukuzophinda aphenye icala lomuntu ongaziwa elahlekile elabikwa ekuqaleni yiphoyisa ngo-Agasti 1971. Umbiko wathi kusihlwa ngolunye usuku kusihlwa, intsha eyisihlanu yahlangana emanxiweni asendulo aseStonehenge ukuzongena ukudlidlizela. Ngemuva kokumisa ikamu ngaphakathi kwendilinga yamatshe nokuqala umgubho omncane wezinhlobo, umbani wakhanyisa isibhakabhaka, kwalandela isivunguvungu esinamandla ngokushesha. Intsha iqhubekile kodwa ngenkathi imibani eminingi ishaya izihlahla bese kuthi amatshe amakhulu uqobo agijime aye ematendeni awo ukuyocasha. Izinto zabe sezijika kabi.
Iphoyisa lendawo ebeligada libike ukuthi isiyingi samatshe sizungezwe ukukhanya okwesabekayo okwesabekayo, inxiwa ngokushesha lagqama kakhulu kwadingeka livikele amehlo alo. Ngemuva kwemizuzwana wezwa ukukhala okugobhoza igazi kuqhamuka phakathi kwesiyingi kwase kungasekho lutho, intsha yanyamalala. Uma lo mbiko walesi sikhulu samaphoyisa ungakholelwa, ingabe bukhona ubufakazi obanele bokukholisa abagxeki ukuthi kukhona okuningi ezindabeni ezingaphezu kwemvelo ezungeze uStonehenge kunenganekwane nje?
Umcwaningi uBilly Carson ukhuluma ngomunye ufakazi owabona le nhlekelele eshaqisayo:
“Umlimi ongumnikazi womhlaba okukhona kuwo uStonehenge ubephatheke kabi ngoba iqembu lamahippie belikanise ngaphakathi eStonehenge. Wabiza amaphoyisa. Yena kanye namaphoyisa baqala ukuhamba bebheke eStonehenge kanti ngesikhathi benza lokhu babona umbani ushaya amatshe. Kodwa esikhundleni sokumane uhlele amatshe, kwenzeke le nto engajwayelekile lapho kukhanya kuqala khona ukwakheka ngaphakathi kweStonehenge, futhi ngokushesha okukhulu ukukhanya kwasuka kohlobo oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kokumhlophe okugqamile. Kwakukhanya kakhulu ukuthi ibhola lamandla lafika ngokoqobo emaphethelweni eringi yangaphandle yamatshe. Umlimi namaphoyisa baqala ukugijimela kulokhu ngoba bekukhona lokhu kukhanya kwabe sekunyamalala. Lokhu bekungufakazi wobufakazi bokuzibonela futhi manje akunakuphikwa. Ubufakazi bofakazi bokuzibonela bufakazelwa enkantolo yomthetho, futhi noma ngubani owayelapho wayethunywe ngokuphelele. ”
Ngabe ukucacisa izimfihlakalo zikaStonehenge kungasiholela ekuqondeni ubuchwepheshe obuyimfihlo babantu basendulo?
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwemigqa yeLey ne-Stonehenge nophawu lweCaduceus
Sicabanga ukuthi ngokujwayelekile, imigqa yeLey ingumugqa oqondile ogijimela phansi kanti amanye amaLeys ayizinkanyezi futhi akhomba umcimbi wezinkanyezi njengokukhuphuka kokuphuma kwelanga phakathi nesikhathi, ngokwesibonelo, noma kusethwe esigabeni senyanga esingumugqa oqondiswe ezulwini. Ngemuva kwalokho uneminye imigqa ye-Ley eyakhiwe ngokwendawo nje futhi ayinamandla futhi avele axhumanise ukubona emva kokubona kuwo wonke ama-landscapes asendulo. Ngakho-ke kudingeka sicabange ngemigqa yeLey njengezigaba ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuhlukile, abanye banamandla, abanye abanawo. Ngemuva kwalokho singathola lokho okubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lweLey. Futhi uhlelo lwe-Ley line luyindlela eqondile ekubukekeni kwezwe elinemisinga ekhuphukayo ye-twine kuyo.
Ngakho-ke ake sicabange umzuzwana owodwa uphawu lweCaduceus abagqoka abezimo eziphuthumayo abagqoke nanamuhla. Iqukethe umugqa oqondile onezinyoka ezimbili eziphindwe kabili ngaphakathi, eyodwa eyesilisa kanti enye ingowesifazane. Futhi uma sibheka ukwakheka kwezwe lasendulo yilokho okwenzekayo, unolayini oqondile weLey nezinhlelo zeLey zinendawo yamanje yesilisa neyesifazane ehlanganiswe kuyo. Manje la maLeys, uma usuwabonisa emhlabeni wonke, aba yindilinga enkulu. Futhi ama-druid asendulo ama-Celtic athola imininingwane yenkathi yethusi ahlala esho ezincwadini zawo, kunemibuthano eyi-12 enamandla ezungeza imbulunga yonke, futhi enye yale mibuthano enamandla ejikeleza imbulunga iyi-latitude eyi-51 degrees.
I-Stonehenge itholakala ngqo kuma-51 degrees 11 amaminithi asenyakatho, futhi yilapho okuwukuphela kwendawo eBritish Isles lapho kutholakala khona ukuma okunembile ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga ebusika, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umumo osondele ekuphumeni kwelanga ehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, maphakathi nehlobo, ilanga lishona ngasenyangeni lapho liyoshona enyangeni yalo elisenyakatho, lenza i-engeli elifanele. Ngakho-ke uStonehenge wayekulelo banga lama-degree angama-51, iLey igeleza ngalapho ngama-degree angama-51, i-Heel Stone ibonwa ngama-degree angama-51. Manje, le Ley bese ixhumeka hhayi kulelo latitude kuphela kepha lapho amaplanethi abekwe khona esibhakabhakeni cishe nge-2700 BC.
Izazi zezinkanyezi ziyavuma ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2700 BC, amaplanethi nezinkanyezi kwakuzofanelana kahle ukukhombisa ukubekwa kwamatshe eStonehenge. Lapho sifunda amarekhodi asezulwini omhlaba wasendulo, kuyacaca ukuthi abantu baseStonehenge babebala amabanga aphakathi kwezindawo ezingcwele zamandla namaplanethi bese bephinda benza lobu bukhulu ngokubeka amatshe emhlabathini. Kodwa kuyini? Ngabe buyini ubudlelwane phakathi kwala matshe okugcwala kanye namaplanethi angaphezulu kwawo?
Ukuxhumana okuyimfihlo kukaStonehenge
Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi, ngaphezu kwethonya lelanga nenyanga namandla okusitheka kwelanga, uStonehenge unokuxhumana nethonya likaSaturn. Lokhu kuvela kumcabango owahlongozwa ngawo-1980s ekuqaleni. Umbono uchaza lokho okubizwa ngaphakathi ngehhashi lamatshe elenziwe nge-bluestone comes elivela eWales, eliqhele ngamakhulu amakhilomitha ukusuka eStonehenge - uqobo lwalo lakhombisa le thonya; nokuthi ngenxa yokuthi zaziqondiswa, zazikhomba ethonyeni likaSaturn.
Manje, uma lokhu sikubona ngeso lengqondo emhlabathini, sidinga ukubona ukuthi uStonehenge umele iSaturn futhi unezingqimba ezingama-30 ezizungezayo futhi uSaturn uthatha iminyaka engama-30 ukwenza umjikelezo owodwa we-zodiac, ozokutshela noma yimuphi isazi sezinkanyezi nesazi sezinkanyezi― lokho kubizwa ngokuthi yi-Satin Return. Kungumjikelezo weminyaka engama-30 yingakho bekukhona izingqimba ezingama-30 eStonehenge.
Ngokusho kwabathiyori, okhokho bethu basendulo babekwenza konke ngenjongo, akukho okwenzeka ngengozi. Konke bekunezinto ezibonakalayo nezingokomzimba emhlabeni wasendulo waseStonehenge. Kumele manje sicabange ngalowo mugqa siqhubeke ngokuhambisana nokuthi bekukhona enye indawo yasendulo ebizwa ngeMarden.
UMarden wayeyindlalifa enkulu. I-'Den 'igama lesiNgisi elidala lokuxazululwa futhi elithi' Mars 'lisho okwanamuhla - indawo yokuhlala ama-mars, futhi kulapho imars yayikhona endaweni yasendulo futhi yehliswa emhlabeni beletha izulu emhlabeni. Ukuqhubekela phambili phezulu kweLey unelanga nenyanga okumelwe ngu-Avebury Henge, oqukethe umbuthano wamatshe omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni.
Njengoba uStonehenge ewela kancane kancane encithakalweni, ososayensi bemba ngokujulile ukuthola izimpendulo mayelana nenjongo yangempela yalezi zimila zamatshe. Isiza sasiqukethe isiyingi sangaphakathi samatshe amancane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka asethwe ngohlaka lwehhashi oluzungezwe udonga olukhulu lwangaphandle lwamatye esanti aseSarsen aneminyaka engu-60 million. Abangu-100 basamile namuhla kepha ekuqaleni kukholakala ukuthi bebaningi kakhulu.
Isisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke siqhathaniswa nesisindo seloli likasimende eligcwele ngokugcwele. Konke kwaqala ngokwakhiwa okumise okwangaphakathi ngaphakathi. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukwakheka okwenziwe ngo-U empeleni kufanele kwenziwe njengokufanekisela isibeletho sowesifazane yingakho kuvulekile ngakolunye uhlangothi ukukwazi ukuzala ngaphandle kufinyelele emandleni. Laba kwakungebona abantu ababenakho ukufinyelela kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lobuchwepheshe esinabo namuhla kepha nokho kungenzeka ukuthi babefeza izinto ngalesi sayensi esingaphupha nje namhlanje ngokusebenzisa amatshe nje. Kuyajabulisa lokho.
Okumangalisa kakhulu kunosayizi wale megaliths ukuthi izakhiwo ezise-sarsen ziyaqhathaniswa ne-rock crystal quartz. Ngabe abantu basendulo bayitholile indlela yokulawula amaza omsindo namandla? Futhi uma kunjalo, bebesebenzisela ini lezi zikhathi?
I-Stonehenge namandla ezinhlayiya ezinejubane elikhulu
I-theorists iphakamisa ukuthi lapho sibona amatshe egxiliwe ohlelweni lwamandla futhi sikwazi ukukhiqiza amandla asemoyeni ngefomu lebhendi elixhumana lisuka etsheni elilodwa liye kwelinye ekuxhumaneni kwezingxoxo (njengoba kubizwa kanjalo), singakuqhathanisa lokho ne uhlelo olukhulu lwamandla.
I-Stonehenge ihlukile, asikho esinye isiyingi samatshe esifana naso eziqhingini zaseBrithani, ezinamakhothama phezulu ngokunembile. Inombuthano oyindilinga ophelele wama-degree angama-360 phezulu owenziwe ngamalenti okuthi, ngokusho kwabaphenyi abaningi nabasebenza ngama-geomancers, benze uhlobo lwamandla okuzungeza izikhumbuzo bese kuthi zonke izinhlobo zesifunda sesithathu noma sesine.
Amandla aphendukela ngasetendeni leHeel, lizohlala linokuthiwa okubizwa ngokuthi yisango lokuphuma okuyitshe elimi eceleni eliqonde ohlangothini olulodwa lapho amandla eqondiswa khona okungafaniswa nento efana nephrojekthi yokuhlola eyenziwe yi-European Organisation kweNuclear Research, eyaziwa njengeCERN. Ngoba nalokho kuyisikhumbuzo esiyindilinga esikhiqiza isivinini sezinhlayiyana zamandla esihamba sizungeza.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi abantu basendulo babe nobuchwepheshe obunamandla amakhulu njengeCERN eyasungulwa ngo-1954? Ilabhorethri yaseCERN ihlezi ngaphesheya komngcele weFranco-swiss ngaseGeneva. Lapha ososayensi abaphezulu bezocwaningo lwenuzi emhlabeni benza izinto zomculo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlaziya izinto eziyinhloko. Akekho ongaphikisa ukuthi indalo yabo enamandla kakhulu kuze kube manje yiLarge Hadron Collider (LHC) ringa indandatho engamakhilomitha angama-27 yamandla amakhulu amakhulu akhulisa kakhulu amandla ezinhlayiya ezisheshayo ngayo.
Lapho indingilizi yetshe inesimo esiyindilinga yakha inkambu yamandla ezungeza nxazonke. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka yini ukuthi okhokho bethu basendulo babedala lolu hlobo lwensimu yamandla?
Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, lapho unjiniyela ovela kuphrojekthi ye-CERN's LHC eza ukuzwa futhi ahlole indawo yasendulo yase-Stonehenge ngokuzimela, wathola ukuthi isivinini samandla ezinhlayiyana eziphakeme ngokungajwayelekile esidabula ezweni, naso ebesingatholakala ku-hadron collider izinsuku zanamuhla.
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi abaningi abazimele, izikhumbuzo ezinjenge-Stonehenge, ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezinamandla ezisebenza ngamandla, zingenza inhlayiya idlule ngokoqobo emhlabeni ngejubane elikhulu. Kulayini oqondile, kuyindlela yokuqhuba amandla amakhulu. Uma kunjalo, lokho okhokho bethu basendulo ababekwenza babedudula amandla emigqeni eqondile noma besiyingi (njenge-collider ye-hadron), empeleni eyi-accelerator yezinhlayiyana edubula ama-athomu nxazonke ngale ndlela esheshayo uwahlukanise abe izingxenye zawo.
Nge-Stonehenge, okungenzeka ukuthi uyakubona umzamo wasendulo entweni enjalo. Kodwa-ke, mhlawumbe bebengazami ukwephula ama-athomu ngasese, kepha ngabo bobabili, bangakwazi ukuvula umnyango ungene kolunye uhlangothi.
Kunabantu abaningi abakholelwa ukuthi i-hadron collider empeleni yasungulelwa ukwenza lokho kanye, nokuthi yonke le ndaba yenzelwe ukuyenza ibukeke sengathi iyinto yangempela yesayensi. Kungenzeka ukuthi isimo esijulile esakhiwe ngubani sibheke ukuvula umnyango oya kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi isicathulo sehhashi. Ngenxa yokuthi zaziqondisa, zazikhomba ethonyeni likaSaturn, hhayi ukuthi liphakame kuphi kepha mhlawumbe libheke kwesinye isikhumbuzo esiseduze. Kepha ngenxa yalokhu, kwanika uStonehenge into emnyama impela ngoba iSaturn ihlotshaniswa nombala omnyama nokufa noma ukufa.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uStonehenge abe ngaphansi kwethonya likaSaturn?
ISaturn yiplanethi ekhangayo ngoba ezinganekwaneni zamaGrikhi kwakunguCronus empeleni owayenguTitan, umbusi wabo bonke onkulunkulu. Futhi uZeus, uJupiter kwadingeka agumbuqele uSaturn ukuze asinde ngoba uCronus wayegwinya izingane zakhe futhi kukhona okumele kushiwo ngalobu budlelwano bukaSaturn nosathane (uSathane).
Yize sithola le mbono ingajwayelekile kodwa ukuzihlanganisa kukaSaturn 'nesikhathi' kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba le mibuthano yamatshe ivame ukubonakala ikhombisa umqondo wokuhamba kwesikhathi. 'Isikhathi' uqobo lwaso singusathane omdala kunabo bonke kule ndawo. Yini esiyaziyo njengabantu into eyodwa sonke esihlangabezana nayo esingakwazi ukuyinqoba 'isikhathi' ngakho-ke uSaturn njengoba lolu hlobo lwenkosi empeleni luyinkosi yamasongo - amasongo athonya isikhathi ngokwawo.
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinganekwane zasendulo, ngisho nasemibhalweni yamaHindu neyaseSumeriya, iSaturn ihlala ithathwa njengeplanethi ebhubhisa kakhulu. Futhi kunzima ukuqonda kahle ukuthi kungani iplanethi ngayinye ine-resonance ethile nokufana okuthile ngezinganekwane emhlabeni jikelele, yize zazenziwe ngokuzimela kusuka kumasiko ahluke ngokuphelele. IMars yempi, uPluto uluhlobo lwangaphandle, iVenus ingeyothando, kepha uSaturn ubelolu hlobo lwesilo emlandweni wezinganekwane. Le mibono iphonsele abanye inselelo yokuthi babuke uStonehenge ngokwehlukile kunangaphambili.
Ngabe ukubekwa kwamatshe ahambelana noSaturn kuhlobene ngani nesikhathi sethu sasemkhathini? Kungenzeka yini ukuthi i-Stonehenge ngokubekwa kwayo kwamatshe ukumela iSaturn, inyanga nelanga empeleni itshela abantu bosuku lwanamuhla ukuthi bakhumbule ukuthi singobani, futhi sivelaphi?
