Ososayensi cabanga ukuthi amasiginali e-radar asikisela ukuba khona kwamachibi angaphansi komhlaba atholakala phansi ngaphansi komhlaba, angavela kubumba, hhayi amanzi.
Ukuseshwa kwempilo kuRed Planet
Ukufunwa kokuphila ngaphesheya komjikelezo womhlaba kube esinye sezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu kososayensi bezinkanyezi neMars okukholakala ukuthi yindawo ephambili kakhulu yokutholwa okunjalo. Impilo iyachuma emanzini akhona kanye nezifundo zakamuva ezinyuse intshisekelo yomhlaba wonke ngokusikisela ukuthi kukhona amachibi angaphansi komhlaba kwiRed Planet.
Manje, abanye ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi amasiginali e-radar aphakamisa ukuba khona kwamanzi kula machibi atholakala phansi ngaphansi komhlaba angavela kubumba, hhayi amanzi. Amaphepha amathathu ashicilelwe phakathi nenyanga edlule anikeze ukuqonda okusha ngezimpawu eziyimfihlakalo, omisa umbono wamachibi.
Ngo-2018, iqembu eliholwa nguRoberto Orosei wase-Italiya Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica limemezele ubufakazi obukhombisa ukuthi kukhona amachibi angaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kweqhwa e-Mars 'pole pole. Leli thimba lalifunde idatha entweni yomsakazo e-European Space Agency (ESA) Mars Express orbiter ekhombisa izimpawu ezikhanyayo ngaphansi kwe-cap polar. Lezi zimpawu zingahunyushwa njengamanzi angamanzi, ososayensi babephikisile.
I-orbiter isebenzise amasiginali e-radar ukungena edwaleni naseqhweni, okuguqukile njengoba kuboniswa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi ngemuva kokwenza izivivinyo elabhorethri ebandayo manje basikisela ukuthi izimpawu zazingaveli emanzini.
Kubanda kakhulu emachibini
Abaphenyi manje bathi iningi lalamachibi kungenzeka ukuthi asezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu ukuthi amanzi angahlala esesimweni soketshezi. U-Aditya R Khuller noJeffrey J Plaut abavela kwi-Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) yeNasa bahlaziye ama-echoes angama-44,000 avela phansi kwesembozo se-polar eminyakeni eyi-15 yokubhekwa. Bathole eziningi zalezi zimpawu ezindaweni eziseduze nangaphezulu, lapho kufanele kubande khona kakhulu ukuze amanzi angahlali esesimweni soketshezi.
Amaqembu amabili ahlukene aqhubeke nokuhlaziya idatha ukuthola ukuthi ngabe kukhona okunye okungenza lezo zimpawu. Ngenkathi uCarver Bierson we-ASU eqeda ucwaningo lwethiyori ephakamisa izinto ezimbalwa ezingadala izimpawu, kufaka phakathi ubumba, u-Isaac Smith wase-York University walinganisa izakhiwo zama-smectites, iqembu lobumba likhona kuyo yonke iMars.
Ubumba, hhayi amanzi
USmith ubeke amasampula ama-smectite amaningana, abukeka njengamadwala ajwayelekile kepha akhiwa ngamanzi angamanzi kudala, emgqonyeni owenzelwe ukukala ukuthi amasiginali e-radar angaxhumana kanjani nawo. Wabe esebathela nge-nitrogen ewuketshezi, wawafaka amakhaza afinyelela ku-50 degrees Celsius, eduze kwamazinga okushisa abonwe esigxotsheni esiseningizimu neMartian. Lapho seziqandisiwe, amasampula edwala akufanisa ngokuphelele ukubonwa kwe-radar okwenziwe yi-ESA's Mars orbiter.
Ithimba libe selifuna ubukhona obunjalo ku-Mars besebenzisa i-MRO, ephethe imephu yezimbiwa ebizwa ngeCompact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer. Bathola ama-smectite ehlakazeke eduze neqhwa le-pole pole eningizimu. "Ithimba likaSmith likhombisile ukuthi i-smectite efriziwe ingenza ukuthi ukucabanga kungadingeki usawoti noma ukushisa okungajwayelekile nokuthi bakhona eningizimu pole," kusho uJPL.
Akusona isimangalo sokuqala esinjalo
I-subsurface lake hypothesis ayisiyo eyokuqala ukuba ithole izinhlamvu zamehlo zomhlaba wonke, ngo-2015 iMars Reconnaissance Orbiter yeNASA yathola okwakubukeka njengezintambo zesihlabathi esimanzi esisehla emithambekeni, into ebizwa ngokuthi “intaba ephindaphindekayo.” Abaphenyi babethole amasiginesha amaminerali ahlanjululwe emithambekeni lapho kwabonakala khona imicu engaqondakali kuRed Planet. Le migqa emnyama ibonakale yehla futhi ihamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kodwa-ke, ukubonwa okuphindaphindwayo, kusetshenziswa ikhamera ye-High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) yekhamera, kukhombise ukugeleza okuyimbudumbudu, lapho izinhlayiya zesihlabathi nothuli zehlela ezansi ukwenza imigwaqo emnyama, kunokuba umhlaba ubemnyama ngokuhambisa amanzi. Lo mkhuba ubukhona kuphela emithambekeni eyehle ngokwanele ukuze izinhlamvu ezomile zehle ngendlela ezenza ngayo ebusweni bezindunduma ezisebenzayo.
Ngenkathi kungenakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyini izimpawu ze-radar ezikhanyayo ngaphandle kokufika eningizimu yePars, izifundo zakamuva zinikeze izincazelo ezinengqondo ezinengqondo ngaphezu kwamanzi oketshezi.
