Ithuna lendlovukazi yaseGibhithe liphakathi kwezinto eziningi ezitholwe eGibhithe. Okwenza lokhu kuthakazelise ukuthi ingaqukatha isexwayiso ngokuguquka kwesimo sezulu esikhathini sethu nesikhathi sethu. Isiko laseGibhithe lingenye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu kubavubukuli nezazi-mlando.
Amathuna atholakele eminyakeni edlule abelusizo olukhulu ekufundeni kabanzi ngendlela abaseGibhithe ababephila ngayo, amakhosi abo, nezinkolelo zabo. Phakathi kokutholakele kwakukhona ithuna lendlovukazi yaseGibhithe.
Ithuna okugxilwe kulo ngale ndatshana yilelo likaKhentkaus III, ezithombeni ezisezindongeni zethuna ubizwa ngokuthi "" unkosikazi wenkosi "kanye" nonina wenkosi ", okusho ukuthi indodana yakhe yenyuka isihlalo sobukhosi. ”. Wayengumfazi kaFaro Neferefre noma owaziwa nangokuthi uNefret futhi wayehlala cishe ku-2450 BC.
Ithuna latholakala ngoNovemba ka-2015. Laliseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeCairo e-Abusir noma e-Abu-sir necropolis. UMiroslav Barta waseCzech Institute of Egyptology wahola umkhankaso wokuvubukula, owawufaka iqembu labavubukuli baseCzech.
Izinto eziningi zatholakala ethuneni ezibalulekile kososayensi baseGibhithe. Indlovukazi, eyayiphila eminyakeni engama-4,500 2,500 eyedlule, ingeyasebukhosini bakwa-V, kodwa kuze kutholakale ithuna, kwakungaziwa lutho ngokuba khona kwakhe. UMnyango Wezasendulo waseGibhithe umemezele ukuthi ukutholakala kwembula ingxenye engaziwa yomlando wobukhosi bakwa-V (2,350-XNUMX BC) futhi kwaqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwabesifazane enkantolo.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlala kukaNeferefre neNdlovukazi uKhentkaus III, iGibhithe yayicindezelekile. Lokhu bekungenxa yomthelela wobandlululo, ukwanda kwentando yeningi kanye nomthelela wamaqembu anamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kweminyaka eshonile, kwaba nesomiso esavimbela iNayile ukuba igcwale.
Emathuneni kutholakale amathambo ezilwane ahlukahlukene, okuqoshwe ngokhuni, okokumbumba nokwenziwe ngethusi. UMiroslav Barta wachaza ukuthi lezi zinto zakha umngcwabo wendlovukazi, okungukuthi, ukudla okwakukholakala ukuthi uyakudinga empilweni yangemva kokufa.
Ngaphezu kwezinto okuyisiko lokungcwaba ngazo ubukhosi baseGibhithe, kwakukhona izinsalela zikaKhentkaus III. Isimo salokhu sizonikeza ngemininingwane ethokozisayo ngempilo yendlovukazi yombuso waseGibhithe. IBarta nayo ithi ukuhlaziywa kwethuna kuzothatha iminyaka embalwa, kepha kuzocaciswa.
Abaphenyi baphinde bahlela ukwenza isivivinyo sekhabhoni-14 ukuthola ukuthi indlovukazi yayineminyaka emingaki ngenkathi isifa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ezenziwa ethanjeni zisivumela ukuthi sazi ukuthi ngabe uphethwe yini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isimo sesikhumba sakhe sikhombisa ukuthi zingaki izingane azizalile.
Kungani ithuna likaKhentkaus III liyisixwayiso ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu?
Ngemuva kokushona kukaNeferefre neNdlovukazi uKhentkaus III, ingcindezi eGibhithe yanda kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeke hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezinkinga ezibalulwe ngenhla, kodwa nangenxa yezinguquko zesimo sezulu ezithinte kakhulu abantu.
Izifunda eziningana zithintekile yisomiso esikhulu. Isomiso sivimbele uMfula iNayile ukuba ungagcwali ngendlela obuyenza ngayo, okuvimba amasimu ukuba angabi namanzi anele. Kubangela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene, njengokulandelayo:
Kwakungekho ukuvunwa okufanelekile, imali yentela yenqatshiwe, izinto zikahulumeni zazingakhokhelwa, kwakunzima ukugcina ubuqotho beGibhithe nemibono yalo.
Abaphenyi baxwayisa ngokuthi ukutholakala kwaleli thuna kuyinto efana nomlando njengokuvusa. “Izindlela eziningi zingatholakala emhlabeni wethu wanamuhla, nawo obhekene nezinselelo eziningi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle,” baphikisana.
“Ngokufunda okwedlule, ungafunda okuningi mayelana nesikhathi samanje. Asihlukile. Abantu bahlala becabanga ukuthi 'lesi sikhathi sehlukile' nokuthi 'sihlukile,' kanti akunjalo. ”
Ngaphezu kwalokho, masikhumbule ukuthi uphenyo olwenziwe ososayensi eCornell University eNew York, olwenziwe ngamasampula ebhokisi lomngcwabo waseGibhithe kanye nemikhumbi yomngcwabo eyangcwatshwa ngasePyramid of Sesostris III, laveza ukukhanya okungalindelekile ekupheleni kwempucuko yaseGibhithe; ngoba kusikisela ukuthi ngonyaka wama-2200 BC kwenzeka isenzakalo esibalulekile sesikhathi esifushane esomile.
Umcimbi odalwe ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ube nemiphumela emikhulu, ushintshe imithombo yokudla kanye nezinye izingqalasizinda okungenzeka zaholela ekuweni koMbuso Wase-Akkadia, okuthinta i-Old Kingdom yaseGibhithe neminye imiphakathi eMedithera naseMpumalanga Ephakathi nayo eyawa.
Imiphakathi eminingi ngaleso sikhathi yathinteka ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kungenzeka yini lokhu namuhla? Ubuntu kufanele buthobele izexwayiso eziningi ezikhona ngale nkinga enkulu. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi lokho ngeke kwenzeke namuhla, kepha ne-Egypt, enye yezimpucuko eziphambili kakhulu zesikhathi sayo, ishayeke kakhulu ngokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
