Ngo-2008, ucwaningo lwesayensi lwembula iqiniso elimangazayo ngabantu be-palaeolithic ― inombolo yemidwebo emigedeni, eminye yayo eyayineminyaka engama-40,000, empeleni yayiyimikhiqizo yesayensi yezinkanyezi eyinkimbinkimbi eyatholwa okhokho bethu bakudala esikhathini esidlule.
Imidwebo yasendulo okwakucatshangwa ukuthi iyizimpawu zezilwane zangaphambi komlando empeleni amamephu ezinkanyezi asendulo, ngokwalokho ochwepheshe abakwembule ekutholakaleni kwabo okuthakazelisayo.
Ubuciko basekuqaleni bomhume bubonisa ukuthi abantu babenolwazi oluthuthukisiwe lwesibhakabhaka ebusuku eminyakeni yokugcina yeqhwa. Ngokwengqondo, zazingafani neze nathi namuhla. Kodwa le midwebo ethile emigedeni yembula ukuthi abantu babenolwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi ngezinkanyezi nemilaza eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-40,000 XNUMX edlule.
KwakungeNkathi Ye-Paleolithic, noma ebizwa nangokuthi i-Old Stone Age ― inkathi emlandweni owahlukaniswa ukuthuthukiswa kwasekuqaleni kwamathuluzi amatshe ahlanganisa cishe u-99% wenkathi ye-prehistory yomuntu yobuchwepheshe.
Amabalazwe ezinkanyezi zasendulo
Ngokocwaningo lwesayensi oluyimpumelelo olwanyatheliswa yi-University of Edinburgh, abantu basendulo babelawula ukuhamba kwesikhathi ngokubuka ukuthi izinkanyezi zishintsha kanjani ukuma esibhakabhakeni. Imisebenzi yobuciko yasendulo, etholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene eYurophu, ayiyona nje imifanekiso yezilwane zasendle, njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili.
Kunalokho, izimpawu zezilwane zimelela amaqoqo ezinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Asetshenziselwa ukumela izinsuku, ukumaka imicimbi efana nokushayisana kwe-asteroid, ukusitheka kwelanga, izihlambi ze-meteor, ukuphuma nokushona kwelanga, ama-solstices nama-equinox, izigaba zenyanga nokunye.
Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi abantu basendulo bawuqonde kahle umphumela obangelwa ukuguquka kancane kancane kwe-axis yoMhlaba yokujikeleza. Ukutholakala kwalesi simo, okubizwa ngokuthi ukwandulela kwama-equinox, ngaphambili kwakudunyiswa kumaGrikhi asendulo.
Omunye wabacwaningi abaphambili, uDkt Martin Sweatman, waseNyuvesi yase-Edinburgh wachaza, “Ubuciko bakudala bomgede bukhombisa ukuthi abantu babenolwazi oluphambili ngesibhakabhaka ebusuku ngesikhathi sokugcina seqhwa. Ngokwengqondo, zazingahlukile kithina namuhla. Tokutholakele kusekela umbono wemithelela eminingi yenkanyezi enomsila phakathi nentuthuko yomuntu futhi kungenzeka kuguqule indlela abantu bangaphambi komlando obukwa ngayo.”
Ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi lwemilaza
Ochwepheshe bamanyuvesi e-Edinburgh nase-Kent bafunde ubuciko abambalwa obudumile emigedeni yasendulo etholakala eTurkey, eSpain, eFrance naseJalimane. Ekucwaningeni kwabo okujulile, babefinyelele inkathi yalezo zifundo ze-rock ngokuhlanganisa amakhemikhali opende ababesetshenziswa abantu basendulo.
Ngemva kwalokho, besebenzisa uhlelo lwe-computer, abacwaningi babikezela ukuthi izinkanyezi zimiphi lapho imidwebo yenziwa khona. Lokhu kuveze ukuthi okungenzeka ukuthi bekuvele ngaphambili, njengezimpawu ezingaqondakali zezilwane, kungahunyushwa ngokuthi izinkanyezi njengoba zavela endulo.
Ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi le midwebo emangalisayo emigedeni iwubufakazi obucacile bokuthi abantu basendulo babesebenzisa indlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokubeka isikhathi esekelwe ekubalweni kwezinkanyezi. Konke lokhu, nakuba imidwebo emigedeni yahlukaniswa ngesikhathi ngamashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka.
"Isifanekiso esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iLion-Man esivela emhumeni waseHohlenstein-Stadel, kusukela ngonyaka ka-38,000 BC, naso sithathwa njengesihambisana nalolu hlelo lwakudala," uveze ochwepheshe esitatimendeni esivela eNyuvesi yase-Edinburgh.
Lo mfanekiso ongaqondakali kukholakala ukuthi ukhumbula umthelela oyinhlekelele we-asteroid eyenzeka eminyakeni engaba ngu-11,000 edlule, iqala lokho okubizwa nge-Younger Dryas Event, isikhathi sokuphola kungazelelwe kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke.
“Usuku oluqoshwe 'eVulture Stone' I-Göbekli Tepe ihunyushwa njengeyi-10,950 250 BC, kungakapheli iminyaka engama-XNUMX, ” kuchaze ososayensi abakucwaningo. "Lolu suku lubhalwe kusetshenziswa ithuba lokuqala lama-equinox, nezimpawu zezilwane ezimele izinkanyezi ezinkanyezi ezihambelana nama-solstices amane nama-equinox."
Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke, lokhu kutholakala okukhulu kwembula iqiniso lokuthi abantu babenokuqonda okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesikhathi nendawo ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka ngaphambi kwamaGreki asendulo, ahlonishwa ngezifundo zokuqala zesayensi yezinkanyezi yesimanje. Akuzona lezi kuphela, kunezinye izimo eziningana, njenge I-Sumerian Planisphere, lo I-Nebra Sky Disk, Isibhebhe Sobumba saseBabiloni njll., okusho ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lwesayensi yezinkanyezi yesimanje olwatholwa okhokho bethu basendulo.
