Ubuchwepheshe basendulo obulahlekile: Kuthiwani uma amathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukwakha izikhumbuzo zasendulo engazange alahleke?

Isizathu esisodwa esenza sihlale sikhangwa yizakhiwo zasendulo namuhla imfihlakalo yokuthi amatshe amakhulu ayegawulwa futhi ahlanganiswe kaningi kangakanani ngobuciko obungaqondakali. Usebenzisa amehlo akho, iphutha elithile ekulandiseni okuvamile libonakala ngokusobala.

Ukuchazwa kwendabuko kuphakamisa ukuthi amathuluzi ajwayelekile, akudala ahlanganiswe namandla angajwayelekile wokuzikhandla komuntu enza konke kwenzeka. Akunencazelo enhle yokuthi kungani amasu wokwakha nemiklamo yabelana ngokufana okuningi emhlabeni wonke njengoba kuvela isithombe esikhulu.

Emhlabeni wonke, ukusika okwenziwe ngamatshe okhiye okwe-T noma okwe-hourglass kutholakala ezakhiweni ezinkulu zasendulo ze-megalithic. Ama-alloys ensimbi athelwa ematsheni okhiye ukuqinisa izindonga, kusetshenziswa amakhono abonakala engathi ulwazi olwabelwana ngalo emhlabeni wonke.
Emhlabeni wonke, ukusika okwenziwe ngamatshe okhiye okwe-T noma okwe-hourglass kutholakala ezakhiweni ezinkulu zasendulo ze-megalithic. Ama-alloys ensimbi athelwa ematsheni okhiye ukuqinisa izindonga, kusetshenziswa amakhono abonakala engathi ulwazi olwabelwana ngalo emhlabeni wonke.

Izixhumanisi azikho

Ngaphandle kwempicabadala yokwakhiwa, kukhona esinye isixhumanisi esilahlekile: Kwenzekani ngamathuluzi? Futhi, kungani singaboni imininingwane eqoshiwe ichaza lezi zindlela zokwakha ezimangazayo?

Ngabe lezi zindlela bezigcinwa ziyimfihlo ngenhloso, noma izimpendulo bezilokhu zisigqolozele ebusweni sonke lesi sikhathi? Ingabe isizathu sokuthi singabutholi ubufakazi obucacile bamathuluzi ngoba elinye lamathuluzi umsindo we-ephemeral nokudlidliza? Futhi, ingabe esinye isizathu ngoba asiwaqondi kahle amathuluzi asetshenzisiwe?

'Amatshe Olwandle aseGibhithe'

Imibhalo ehlehlela emuva emuva ngo-947 AD ngu-Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Mas'udi ichaza izinganekwane zama-Arabhu ezithi abaseGibhithe basebenzise i-levitation ukwakha amaphiramidi. Kwabekwa 'i-papyrus yemilingo' ngaphansi kwamatshe asindayo, kwase kuthi ama-stanes ashaywa ngensimbi yensimbi. Ngemuva kwalokho amatshe aqala ukuntanta emzileni ohambisana nezinsimbi ezifanayo eziyimfihlakalo.
Imibhalo esukela emuva ngonyaka ka-947 AD ngu-Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Mas'udi ichaza izinganekwane zama-Arabhu ezithi abaseGibhithe basebenzise i-levitation ukwakha imipiramidi. Kwabekwa 'i-papyrus yemilingo' ngaphansi kwamatshe asindayo, kwase kuthi ama-stanes ashaywa ngensimbi yensimbi. Ngemuva kwalokho amatshe aqala ukuntanta emzileni ohambisana nezinsimbi ezifanayo eziyimfihlakalo.

Enye indaba yasendulo evela kusazi-mlando sasendulo esingum-Arabhu nesazi sokuma komhlaba isikisela ukuthi abaseGibhithe babesebenzisa umsindo ukuhambisa amatshe amakhulu kakhulu. Waziwa njengoHerodotus wama-Arabhu, wabhala inganekwane eyadlula amakhulu eminyaka ngo-947 AD. Indaba engakholeki etholwe ngu-al-Mas'udi ihambe kanjena:

“Lapho besakha amaphiramidi, abadali bawo babeka ngokucophelela lokho okwachazwa njenge-papyrus yomlingo ngaphansi kwemiphetho yamatshe amakhulu ayezosetshenziswa ekwakheni. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngamunye ngamunye, amatshe ashaywa yilokho okwakumangalisa, futhi kunalokho kuyindida, kuchazwa njengenduku yensimbi kuphela. Bheka futhi, bheka, amatshe aqala ukukhuphuka kancane kancane emoyeni, futhi - njengamasosha aqotho alandela imiyalo ngokungangabazeki - ahamba kancane, ahlelekile, enza ifayili elilodwa ngezinyawo eziningi ngaphezu kwendlela egandayiwe ezungezwe izinhlangothi zombili ngokufanayo, okumangazayo izinduku zensimbi. ”

Intonga yobukhosi

Isithombe esenziwe ngunkulunkulu wasendulo waseGibhithe u-Anubis. Kwenziwe nguNingyou
Isithombe esenziwe ngunkulunkulu wasendulo waseGibhithe u-Anubis © Ningyou

Sonke sibone onkulunkulu baseGibhithe abanjengo-Anubis, bemi ngenduku engajwayelekile esandleni sakhe njengesithombe esingenhla. Kodwa-ke, ababaningi abantu abazi ukuthi leyo nto iyini. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Was-intonga, induku enesisekelo semfoloko futhi enekhanda elihlikihliwe elimiswe njenge-canine enesitayela noma esinye isilwane. Induku mncane futhi iqonde ngokuphelele futhi ihlotshaniswa nezinye izinto eziyimfihlakalo njenge-Ankh ne-Djed. Ingabe zazimane zingokomfanekiso, noma zazingaba amathuluzi ohlobo oluthile?

Umfanekiso osuka ethuneni lethempeli likaHatshepsut eDeir el-Bahr obonisa i-ankh (uphawu lokuphila), i-djed (uphawu lokuqina), futhi yayingu (uphawu lwamandla)
Umfanekiso osuka ethuneni lethempeli likaHatshepsut eDeir el-Bahr obonisa i-ankh (uphawu lokuphila), i-djed (uphawu lokuqina), futhi yayingu (uphawu lwamandla) © Kyera Giannini

Ngokwe-Ancient History Encyclopedia, lezi zinto ziyizimpawu ezimele amandla obukhosi nokubusa.

“Izimpawu ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezivame ukuvela ngazo zonke izinhlobo zemidwebo yaseGibhithe kusukela kwiziphandla kuya kwezokwakha, kwakuyi-ankh, i-djed nentonga yobukhosi. Lokhu bekuhlanganiswa kaningi ekubhalweni futhi kuvame ukuvela ku-sarcophagi ndawonye eqenjini noma ngokwehlukana. Endabeni ngayinye yalezi, ifomu limelela inani laphakade lomqondo: i-ankh imele impilo; ukuzinza kwe-djed; amandla ayengamandla. ”

Kokunye ukukhonjiswa, ama-Was-sceptre abonakala ephakamisa uphahla lwethempeli njengoba uHorus ebuka. Ngokufanayo, i-Djed ibonakala emaphethelweni wethempeli ebonakala ephakamisa isibhakabhaka endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi e-Djoser eSaqqara.

I-amulet eyenziwe ngokhuni ne-faience djed amulet (uphawu lokuzinza) ethuneni leNdlovukazi uNefertari. Ubukhosi XIX, 1279-1213 BCE. (Museum yaseGibhithe, eTurin)
I-amulet eyenziwe ngokhuni ne-faience djed amulet (uphawu lokuzinza) ethuneni leNdlovukazi uNefertari. Ubukhosi XIX, 1279-1213 BCE. (Museum yaseGibhithe, eTurin) © Mark Cartwright

Ividiyo evela kubakhi bezakhiwo zakudala ihlola lo mbono, ikhombisa izibonelo zemifoloko yokushuna esetshenziswa abaseGibhithe. Umlandisi uMatthew Sibson wase-UK uphakamisa imibono ethokozisayo yokuthi abaseGibhithe kungenzeka ukuthi bazisebenzise kanjani izinto ezinjenge-Was-intonga kanye nezimfoloko zokushuna ukusika amatshe anzima kakhulu besebenzisa amandla omsindo nokudlidliza.

https://youtu.be/7H2-BawRLGw

Umdwebo wezimfoloko zokushuna ubonakala esithombeni sika-Isis no-Anubis, ngamunye ephethe induku. Phakathi konkulunkulu, ukudweba kubonisa amafoloko amabili wokuhlela abonakala exhunywe ngezintambo. Ngaphansi kwezimfoloko, into eyisiyingi enamaphini amane igxile, futhi icishe ibonakale njengomcibisholo ukhomba phezulu.

Isis no-Anubis
Isithombe sezithombe zika-Isis no-Anubis nokuvalwa kwento okuvame ukuchazwa ngokuthi "imfoloko yokuthungela" enamagagasi "phakathi kwazo, okwenza kubonakale sengathi lezi zinto" ziyadlikiza. "

Kule vidiyo, uSibson uveza i-imeyili ethokozisayo kodwa engaqinisekisiwe kuwebhusayithi iKeelyNet.com kusukela ngonyaka we-1997.

“Eminyakeni ethile edlule umngani waseMelika wakhetha ukhiye wesicabha esiya egumbini lokugcina amagugu laseGibhithe elingamamitha angu-8 x amamitha ayishumi. Ngaphakathi uthole 'amakhulukhulu' walokho akuchaze 'njengezimfoloko zokushuna.'

Lawa ayenobukhulu obusukela ku-approx 8 amayintshi kuya ku-approx 8 noma 9 feet ubude futhi afana nezicucu, kepha ngocingo lwe-taut olwelulwe phakathi kwemayini yemfoloko. ' Uyagcizelela, ngenhlanhla, ukuthi empeleni lezi bezingeyona i-ayoni, kodwa 'ziyinsimbi.'

Lezi zinto zazifana nohlamvu oluthi 'U' ngesibambo (okufana nefologo) futhi, lapho ucingo luhluthulwa, zazamazama isikhathi eside.

Kufika kimi ukuzibuza ukuthi ngabe lawa madivayisi kungenzeka ukuthi abenezinsimbi eziqinile ezinamathele ezansi kwezibambo zawo nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi zazisetshenziselwa ukusika noma ukuqopha itshe, uma sezisethwe zidlidliza. ”

Yize i-imeyili ingubufakazi be-anecdotal kuphela, kubonakala sengathi iqinisekisa i-hieroglyph yamafoloko okushuna esifanekisweni se-Isis ne-Anubis, ngentambo eyelulwe phakathi kwamathini.

Okulandelayo, sibona uphawu lwakudala lweSyerian Cylinder olubonisa isibalo esiphethe lokho okubonakala kuyimfoloko yokuhlela. Njengoba ubona okuningi, kubonakala sengathi abantu basendulo bebazi okuningi ngemiphumela yomsindo nokudlidliza kunalokho esikuqonda njengamanje.

Namuhla, sifunda izindlela ezintsha zokubheka izakhiwo zasendulo. I-Archaeoaccoustics iveza ukuthi umsindo udlale kanjani indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kweziza emhlabeni wonke. Khonamanjalo, ukutadisha i-cymatics kwembula ukuthi ukudlidliza kuguqula kanjani i-geometry yendaba ngezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi nezingachazeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfihlakalo zemishini ye-Quantum ziyavuleka njengoba sithola izinhlayiya ezintsha futhi sisebenzisa ama-algorithms obuhlakani bokufakelwa ukuthola ukuthi kusebenza kanjani uqobo.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ekugcineni sifinyelele esigabeni lapho sizoqala ukuqonda kahle ukuthi abantu basendulo emhlabeni bazakha kanjani izikhumbuzo ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke?