Ngo-1908, into engaqondakali eyaziwa ngokuthi iTunguska Event yabangela ukuba isibhakabhaka sishise futhi kuwa nezihlahla ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-80. Incazelo engaguquki kakhulu iqinisekisa ukuthi kwakuyi-meteorite; nokho, ukungabikho kwe-crater endaweni yomthelela kuye kwavusa zonke izinhlobo zemibono.
Imfihlakalo yomcimbi waseTunguska
Unyaka ngamunye, uMhlaba uhlaselwa ngamathani ayi-16 ama-meteorite awela emkhathini. Iningi lazo lifinyelela okungenani amagremu ayishumi nambili ngobukhulu futhi lincane kakhulu kangangokuba alibonwa. Okunye okunye kungadala ukukhanya esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku okunyamalala ngemizuzwana nje, kepha… kuthiwani ngama-meteorite anamandla okusula isifunda somhlaba?
Yize umthelela wakamuva we-asteroid okwazi ukubangela inhlekelele emhlabeni wonke uhlehlela emuva eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65, ekuseni ngoJuni 30, 1908, ukuqhuma okubhubhisayo okwaziwa ngokuthi umcimbi waseTunguska kwazamazamisa iSiberia ngamandla amabhomu ama-athomu angama-300.
Cishe ngehora lesikhombisa ekuseni, kudutshulwe umlilo omkhulu esibhakabhakeni phezu kwethafa elisenkabeni yeSiberia, indawo engenabungcweti lapho amahlathi acwebile angena endaweni yamathafa kanti izindawo zokuhlala zabantu ziyindlala.
Ngemizuzwana nje, ukushisa okuhangulayo kwashisa isibhakabhaka futhi ukuqhuma okuvala izindlebe kwahlasela izihlahla ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-80 endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-2,100 XNUMX ehlathini.
Lo mcimbi udale amagagasi ethusayo, ngokusho kweNASA, aqoshwa ngama-barometers kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi ashaya abantu ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-40. Ubusuku obulandelayo obulandelayo, isibhakabhaka sasebusuku sahlala sikhanyisiwe e-Asia nakwezinye izindawo zaseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobunzima bokungena kule ndawo nokungabikho kwamadolobha aseduze, akukho mkhankaso osondele kule ndawo eminyakeni eyishumi nantathu ezayo.
Kuze kwaba ngo-1921 lapho uLeonid Kulik, usosayensi waseSt. kodwa-ke, isimo esingesihle sesifunda siholele ekuhlulekeni kohambo.
Ngo-1927, uKulik wahola olunye uhambo olwagcina lufinyelele ezinkulungwaneni zamakhilomitha ashile futhi wamangala ukuthi umcimbi awuzange ushiye noma yimuphi umgodi womthelela, kuphela indawo engamakhilomitha amane ububanzi lapho izihlahla zazimi khona, kodwa zingenamagatsha, akukho bark. Ezungezile, izinkulungwane zezihlahla ezithe xaxa ezibekiwe zabekisa lesi sibikezelo samakhilomitha amaningi, kepha ngokumangazayo, babungekho ubufakazi bokuthi kwakukhona intaba noma imfucumfucu yemeteorite endaweni.
"Izulu lahlukana kabili kwavela umlilo phezulu"
Naphezu kokudideka, umzamo kaKulik ukwazile ukuphula i-hermeticism yabahlali, abanikeze ubufakazi bokuqala bomcimbi weTunguska.
I-akhawunti kaS. Semenov, ufakazi wokuzibonela owayengamakhilomitha angama-60 ukusuka kulo mthelela futhi waxoxwa noKulik, mhlawumbe yiyona edume kakhulu futhi enemininingwane yokuqhuma:
“Ngesikhathi sokudla kwasekuseni bengihleli eduze neposi eVanavara (…) ngokuzumayo, ngabona ukuthi ngqo ngasenyakatho, emgwaqeni waseTunguska usuka e-Onkoul, isibhakabhaka sahlukana kabili kwaqhamuka umlilo ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kwehlathi ukuhlukana esibhakabhakeni kwakhula kwaba kukhulu futhi lonke uhlangothi lwasenyakatho lwalumbozwe ngomlilo.
Ngaleso sikhathi ngashisa kakhulu ngaze ngakwazi ukukuthwala, ngathi ihembe lami liyasha; kusuka ohlangothini olusenyakatho, lapho umlilo wawukhona khona, kwafika ukushisa okukhulu. Ngangifuna ukuklebhula ihembe lami ngililahle phansi, kodwa lapho izulu lavalwa kwase kukhala umsindo omkhulu futhi ngaphonswa ezinyaweni ezimbalwa.
Ngaquleka isikhashana, kodwa-ke umkami wagijima waphuma nami wangiyisa ekhaya (…) Lapho izulu livuleka, umoya oshisayo wagijima phakathi kwezindlu, njengasemigodini, eyashiya imikhondo phansi njengemigwaqo, kanti ezinye izitshalo konakele. Kamuva sabona ukuthi amafasitela amaningi ayephukile futhi esibayeni, ingxenye yengidi yensimbi yaphuka. ”
Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi eyalandela, kube nezinye izinkambo ezintathu zokuhambela kule ndawo. UKulik uthole inqwaba yamabhomu amancane “emigodi”, ngalinye lingamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-50 ububanzi, abecabanga ukuthi kungaba yimigodi yemvula.
Ngemva kokuzivivinya kanzima ekukhipheni enye yalezi zigebengu—indawo ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Suslov’s crater”, engamamitha angu-32 ububanzi—wathola isiphunzi esidala sesihlahla ngaphansi, ekhipha isinqumo sokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyi-meteoric crater. U-Kulik akakwazanga ukucacisa imbangela yangempela yomcimbi we-Tunguska.
Izincazelo zomcimbi waseTunguska
I-NASA ibheka Umcimbi we-Tunguska njengowukuphela kwerekhodi le-meteoroid enkulu engena eMhlabeni ezikhathini zanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, izincazelo zokungabi khona kwe-crater noma impahla ye-meteorite endaweni yomthelela osolwayo ikhuthaze amakhulu amaphepha esayensi kanye nemibono yalokho okwenzeka e-Tunguska.
Uhlobo olwamukelwa kakhulu namuhla luqinisekisa ukuthi ekuseni ngoJuni 30, 1908, idwala lesikhala elingamamitha angama-37 ububanzi langena emkhathini womhlaba ngejubane lamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-53 ngehora, anele ukufinyelela izinga lokushisa lama-degree ayizinkulungwane ezingama-24.
Le ncazelo iqinisekisa ukuthi i-fireball ekhanyise isibhakabhaka ayizange ihlangane nobuso bomhlaba, kepha yaqhuma ngamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili ukuphakama, yadala ukushaqeka okuchaza inhlekelele nezigidi zezihlahla eziwile endaweni yaseTunguska.
Futhi yize eminye imibono ehehayo ngaphandle kokusekelwa okuqinile kwesayensi icabanga ukuthi umcimbi weTunguska kungenzeka ukuthi waba ngumphumela wokuqhuma kwe-antimatter noma ukwakheka komgodi omnyama omncane, umbono omusha owenziwe ngo-2020 ukhomba izincazelo ezinamandla:
Ngokwesifundo esanyatheliswe ku- I-Royal Astronomical Society, umcimbi weTunguska ngempela wabangelwa yi-meteorite; kodwa-ke, kwakuyidwala elenziwe ngensimbi elifinyelela emamitheni angama-200 ububanzi futhi laxubha uMhlaba ebangeni elincane lamakhilomitha ayi-10 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuzungeza kwawo, lashiya igagasi lokushaqeka lobukhulu obukhulu ekuvukeni kwalo okwenza ukuthi isibhakabhaka sizovutha nezigidi kwezihlahla kwakuzogawulwa.
Ukuqhuma kweTunguska okubangelwa abafokazi?
Ngo-2009, usosayensi waseRussia uthi abafokazi bachitha imeteorite yaseTunguska eminyakeni eyi-101 eyedlule ukuvikela iplanethi yethu ekubhujisweni. U-Yuri Lavbin uthe uthole amakristalu e-quartz angajwayelekile endaweni yokuqhuma okukhulu kwaseSiberia. Amakristalu ayishumi anezimbobo kuwo, abekwe ukuze amatshe akwazi ukuhlanganiswa ngeketanga, kanti amanye anemidwebo kuwo.
“Asinabo ubuchwepheshe obungaphrinta imidwebo enjalo kumakristalu,” Kusho uLavbin. "Siphinde sathola i-ferrum silicate engakwazi ukukhiqizwa noma kuphi, ngaphandle kwesikhala. ”
Lesi bekungekhona okokuqala ukuthi i-UFO ifune ukuthi ihlotshaniswe nomcimbi waseTunguska ososayensi. Ngo-2004, amalungu ohambo lwesayensi lwesisekelo sombuso waseSiberia i- “Tunguska Space Phenomenon” athi akwazile ukuvumbulula amabhulokhi ethuluzi lobuchwepheshe basemkhathini, elaphahlazeka eMhlabeni ngoJuni 30, 1908.
Lo mkhankaso, ohlelwe yiSiberia Public State Foundation "Tunguska Space Phenomenon" uqedele umsebenzi wawo endaweni yesehlakalo seTunguska meteorite ngo-Agasti 9, 2004. Eduze nomuzi wasePoligusa wezingxenye zento yasemkhathini eyaphahlazeka eMhlabeni ngo-1908.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu omkhankaso athola lokho okuthiwa yi “deer” ―the itshe, lelo ofakazi bokuzibonela bakaTunguska abalisho kaningi ezindabeni zabo. Abahloli bamazwe baletha isiqeshana setshe esingamakhilogremu angu-50 edolobheni laseKrasnoyarsk ukuze sifundwe futhi sihlaziywe. Ayikho imibiko noma ukuhlaziywa okwalandela okwakutholakala ngesikhathi sokusesha nge-inthanethi.
Isiphetho
Naphezu kophenyo olungenakubalwa, lowo obizwa ngokuthi yiTunguska Event usalokhu ungomunye wezinganekwane ezinkulu zekhulu lama-20 ezathathwa yimfihlakalo, abathandi beUFO nososayensi njengobufakazi bonkulunkulu abathukuthele, impilo yasemkhathini noma usongo oluzayo lokushayisana komkhathi.
