Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kunembobo emnyama enkulu elele maphakathi nayo yonke imithala endaweni yonke, enesisindo esiphindwe izikhathi eziyizigidi noma eziyizigidigidi kunaleso seLanga futhi esinamandla amakhulu adonsela phansi anesibopho sokubamba zonke izinkanyezi ndawonye. Kodwa-ke, inhliziyo yeqoqo lemithala i-Abell 2261, elisendaweni ecishe ibe yiminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.7 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni, ibonakala ngathi iyayiphula le nkolelo-mbono. Lapho, imithetho ye-astrophysics ikhombisa ukuthi kufanele kube nesilo esikhulu esiphakathi kwezigidi ezingama-3,000 kanye no-100,000 wezigidi zelanga, okulingana nesisindo sezinye ezaziwa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba abacwaningi besesha ngokungaphezi, ayikho indlela yokuyithola. Ukuphawula kwamuva ngeChandra X-ray Observatory yeNASA kanye neHubble Space Telescope kuhlola le mpicabadala kuphela.
Zisebenzisa idatha kaChandra eyatholakala ngo-1999 nango-2004, izazi zezinkanyezi zase zivele zaseshe enkabeni ye-Abell ukuthola izimpawu ezingama-2,261 XNUMX zomgodi omnyama omkhulu. Bebezingela okokusebenza obekushise kakhulu njengoba iwele emgodini omnyama futhi yakhiqiza ama-X-ray, kepha abawutholanga umthombo onjalo.
Kuxoshwe ngemuva kokuhlangana
Manje, ngokubukwa okusha nokude kukaChandra okutholwe ngo-2018, iqembu eliholwa nguKayhan Gultekin waseYunivesithi yaseMichigan lenze uphenyo olunzulu ngomgodi omnyama maphakathi nomthala. Bacubungule nenye incazelo, lapho umgodi omnyama wakhishwa khona ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwemithala emibili, ngamunye unembobo yawo, ukwakha umthala obonwayo.
Lapho izimbobo ezimnyama zihlangana, zikhiqiza amagagasi esikhaleni sesikhathi esibizwa ngamagagasi adonsela phansi. Ukube inani elikhulu lamagagasi adonsela phansi elenziwe yisehlakalo esinjalo belinamandla ohlangothini olulodwa kunolunye, inkolelo-mbono ibikezela ukuthi lo mgodi omnyama omkhulu kakhulu ubuzothunyelwa ngejubane eliphelele ukusuka maphakathi nomthala ohlangothini oluhlukile. Lokhu kubizwa ngembobo emnyama ebohlayo.
Izazi zezinkanyezi azitholanga bufakazi obucacile bokuthi i-black hole iyabuyela, futhi akwaziwa ukuthi ama-supermassives asondele ngokwanele yini komunye nomunye ukukhiqiza amagagasi adonsela phansi futhi ahlangane. Kuze kube manje, baqinisekise kuphela ukuncibilika kwezinto ezincane kakhulu. Ukuthola ukubuyela emuva okukhulu kungakhuthaza ososayensi ukuthi bafune amaza adonsela phansi ekuhlanganiseni izimbobo ezimnyama ezinkulu.
Izimpawu ezingaqondile
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka kwenzeke enkabeni ye-Abell 2261 ngezimpawu ezimbili ezingaqondile. Okokuqala, imininingwane evela ekubonweni okubonakalayo okuvela kuHubble kanye nesibonakude seSubaru iveza umnyombo wegalactic, isifunda esiphakathi lapho inani lezinkanyezi emthaleni linenani eliphakeme kakhulu, elikhulu kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelekile, ngomthala wobukhulu bawo. Isibonakaliso sesibili ukuthi ukugxila kwezinkanyezi okuxineke kakhulu emthaleni kungaphezu kweminyaka engu-2,000 XNUMX yokukhanya ukusuka enkabeni, kukude ngokumangazayo.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlangana, imbobo emnyama enkulu kakhulu emthaleni ngamunye iyacwila maphakathi nomthala osanda kuhlanganiswa. Uma zibanjwa ndawonye ngamandla adonsela phansi futhi umzila wazo uqala ukuncipha, izimbobo ezimnyama kulindeleke ukuthi zixhumane nezinkanyezi ezizungezile futhi zibaxoshe enkabeni yomthala. Lokhu kungachaza umnyombo omkhulu we-Abell 2261.
Ukuhlungwa kwezinkanyezi okuphakathi nendawo kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kudalwe isehlakalo esinobudlova njengokuhlanganiswa kwezimbobo ezimbili ezinkulu ezimnyama kanye nokubuyela emuva okulandelayo komgodi omnyama owodwa.
Akukho mkhondo ezinkanyezini
Yize kunezinkomba zokuthi kuvele imbumbulu emnyama, kodwa iChandra noma iHubble idatha ayikhombisanga ubufakazi bomgodi omnyama uqobo. Abacwaningi phambilini babesebenzise uHubble ukufuna iqembu lezinkanyezi elalingakhukhuleka ngembobo emnyama ebohlayo. Bafunde amaqoqo amathathu asenkabeni yomthala futhi bahlola ukuthi ukunyakaza kwezinkanyezi kula maqoqo kuphakeme ngokwanele yini ukusho ukuthi ziqukethe imbobo emnyama yelanga eyisisindo esiyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Abukho ubufakazi obucacile obutholakele bomgodi omnyama emaqenjini amabili kanti izinkanyezi kwelinye bezidangele kakhulu ukuthi zingakhipha iziphetho ezilusizo.
Phambilini babuye bafunda ukubonwa kuka-Abell 2261 noKarl G. Jansky Very Large Array we-NSF. Ukukhishwa komsakazo kutholakala maphakathi nomthala kuphakamise ukuthi umsebenzi womgodi omnyama omkhulu wenzeka lapho eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50 edlule, kepha lokho akubonisi ukuthi maphakathi nomthala okwamanje uqukethe imbobo emnyama enjalo.
Bese beya eChandra beyofuna okokusebenza okwakushise kakhulu futhi kwaveza ama-X-ray njengoba yawela emgodini omnyama. Ngenkathi imininingwane iveza ukuthi igesi eshisayo kakhulu ebingekho enkabeni yomthala, ayikhonjiswanga maphakathi neqoqo noma kunoma yiziphi izigaxa zezinkanyezi. Ababhali baphethe ngokuthi ayikho imbobo emnyama kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindawo, noma ukuthi iheha izinto kancane kakhulu ukukhiqiza isignali ye-X-ray etholakalayo.
Imfihlakalo yokutholakala kwalo mgodi omnyama omkhulu iyaqhubeka. Yize ukusesha kungaphumelelanga, izazi zezinkanyezi zinethemba lokuthi iJames Webb Space Telescope ingakudalula ukuba khona kwayo. Uma iWebb ingayitholi, incazelo engcono kakhulu ukuthi imbobo emnyama ihambele kude ngokwanele ukusuka enkabeni yomthala.
