Ukufa okunye kunamathela kithi. Ezinye izimpilo zicinyiwe ngezindlela ezingajwayelekile nezesabekayo ezisikhathaza iminyaka. Ziba yilezo zokubulala ezidumile ezilawula izihloko zezindaba kanye nemimoya emhlabeni jikelele futhi ezihlasela amaphupho ethu ngokuhlanganyela.
Ukusuka eBlack Dahlia kuye eLizzie Borden kuya kubabulali base-Hinterkaifeck, izindaba zalezi zigameko zokubulawa kwabantu ezidumile zisabakhathaza kuze kube namuhla.
1 | Umbulali Wokugeza I-acid
UJohn George Haigh wayengumbulali e-UK ngeminyaka yo-1940 owayecabanga ukuthi angagwema ukubanjwa uma ingekho imizimba - ngakho wazichitha izisulu zakhe ngamabhaidi e-acid. Ngeshwa, kwakusenabo ubufakazi obuncane bokufakazela ukuthi wabulala abantu abayisithupha, ngakho wabulawa. Yize kunjalo, wathi ubulale abantu abayisishiyagalolunye bebonke.
UHaigh washaywa waze wafa noma wadubula izisulu zakhe wase elahla izidumbu zazo esebenzisa i-sulfuric acid ngaphambi kokwenza amasiginesha azo ukuze akwazi ukuthengisa izinto zawo aqoqe nezizumbulu zemali. Namuhla udume ngelika-Acid Bath Murderer.
2 | Ababulali bakaReinert
NgoJuni 1979, uthishanhloko wasePennsylvania uJay C. Smith wabulala owayesebenza naye, uSusan Reinert. Isidumbu sakhe satholwa ngemuva kwamasonto emotweni yakhe. Izingane zakhe nazo zalahleka nazo, kodwa izidumbu zazo azitholakalanga. Kukholakala ukuthi uSmith wayenza uzungu nesoka likaReinert, uWilliam Bradfield, ngesikhathi sokuthola umshwalense wempilo kaReinert.
UJay C. Smith ulahlwe yicala wagwetshwa intambo ngo-1986 ngecala lokubulala uSusan Reinert nezingane zakhe ezimbili, uKaren noMichael ngo-1979. Uchithe iminyaka eyisithupha ejele lokufa ePennsylvania waze walahlwa yicala yiNkantolo Ephakeme yasePennsylvania ngenxa yokungaziphathi kahle kwabashushisi. Okuxakayo ukuthi indodakazi kaSmith uStephanie Hunsberger, nomyeni wakhe u-Edward Hunsberger, kwabikwa ukuthi badukile ngo-1978 futhi abakaze batholakale.
3 | U-Elizabeth Báthory
Eyaziwa nangokuthi “The Blood Countess” ngawo-1600s, iBáthory kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ngumbulali wesifazane ovelele kunabo bonke. Isibalo sabantu baseHungary kuthiwa sahlukumeza futhi sabulala abesifazane abasebasha abangaphezu kuka-650 ngosizo lwabanye abantu abane, futhi sasigeza egazini lezintombi ukuze sihlale sisencane!
NgoDisemba 30, 1609, uBáthory nezisebenzi zakhe baboshwa. Izisebenzi zaquliswa icala ngo-1611, kwathi ezintathu zabulawa. Yize engakaze azame, uBáthory wayevalelwe egumbini lakhe laseCastle C̆achtice. Wahlala lapho waze washona.
4 | Ukubulawa kukaJunko Furuta
NgoNovemba 1988, uJunko Furuta oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala wathunjwa ngabafana abane futhi wabanjwa kwenye yezindlu zabo eTokyo. Ngemuva kokumshaya, ukumdlwengula nokumhlukumeza izinsuku ezingama-44, abafana baphonsa isidumbu sakhe esingenampilo esigubhini esikhulu esigcwele ukhonkolo. Laziwa kulo lonke elaseJapane njengeKhonkrithi-encased High School Girl, udaba lukaJunko Furuta lwadonsela ukunakekelwa ezweni lonke ngenxa yesihluku intombazane okwakumele ikubekezelele ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Funda kabanzi
5 | Umlando Omnyama Ngemuva KweLizzie Borden House
“ULizzie Borden uthathe izembe wanikeza umama wakhe abamhlophe abangamashumi amane. Lapho ibona lokho ekwenzile, yanika uyise amashumi amane nanye. ” Lesi siqubulo se-macabre sizojwayeleka kunoma ngubani okhulele endaweni yaseMassachusetts. Ngo-1892, uLizzie Borden wase-Fall River wazama futhi wahoxiswa ngamacala okubulala uyise nonina. Sekuyisikhathi eside kuphikiswana ngecala lakhe, abaningi bekholelwa ukuthi ubebulala ngempela. Yize, ngokusemthethweni watholakala engenacala.
Indaba kaLizzie Borden kanye nokuvakashela indawo yokubulawa kwabantu okungakaxazululwa kumane kuyinhlobo yento emangazayo yokuthakazelisa nokwethusa abantu abafuna injabulo. Izivakashi eziningi zibike ukuthi zizizwa zigula lapho zihlala endlini zisho umuzwa ocindezelayo nomuzwa wokuthi ziyabukwa. Abona abanesibindi bangaqasha igumbi ebusuku kulo muzi odumile waseBorden futhi bahlole isibindi sabo. Funda kabanzi
6 | Umbulali wesicathulo se-Shoe
UJerry Brudos wathumba, wahlwitha futhi wabulala abesifazane abane. Uthe izicathulo zabesifazane "zazithathe indawo yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile," futhi wasebenzisa unyawo olunqunyiwe lwesinye sezisulu zakhe ukumodela izicathulo emzini wakhe. Amaphoyisa athole namabele asikiwe asetshenziswa njengamasondo asekhaya. Ngiyagula!
Uthando lwezicathulo zikaJerry Brudos lwaqala eneminyaka emihlanu ngemuva kokutakula izicathulo zesithende esiphakeme kudoti. Njengoba ekhula, intshisekelo yakhe engajwayelekile ezicathulweni yathuthuka yaba isibumbu asenelisa ngokugqekeza emakhaya ukweba izicathulo nezimpahla zangaphansi zabesifazane.
Ngenkathi eseminyakeni eyishumi nambili wengeza ubudlova embukisweni wakhe futhi waqala ukushaya phansi amantombazane, wawaminza waze waquleka, wabe eseba izicathulo zawo. Lapho eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala wathunyelwa ewadini labagula ngengqondo e-Oregon State Hospital ngemuva kokuthi evumile ukuthi ubambe intombazane ekhomba ngommese emgodini awamba eceleni kwegquma ngenhloso yokuyenza isigqila socansi. Lapho wamphoqa ukuthi azenze nqunu ngenkathi eshutha izithombe.
UBrudos wadedelwa esibhedlela ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, noma ngabe kwakucacile ukuthi wayesenesidingo sokulingisa imicabango yakhe enobudlova ngabesifazane. Ngokwamarekhodi akhe asesibhedlela, ukuhlukumeza kwakhe abesifazane kwakhula ngenzondo ejulile ayenayo ngonina.
7 | UCleveland Torso Ababulali
Othile wabulala futhi washumpula okungenani abantu abayi-12 ngawo-1930, kanti umbulali akazange atholakale. Izitho zomzimba zazisakazeke yonke iCleveland, e-Ohio - izingxenye zokuqala ezitholwe yizingane ezazidlala enkundleni - kwathi kwabulawa izisulu ezimbili kuphela kwezingu-12.
Izisulu eziningi beziqhamuka endaweni esempumalanga yeKingsbury Run ebizwa ngeThe Roaring Third, edume ngemigoqo yayo, izidleke zokugembula nezindawo zezifebe. Elinye igama lale ndawo kwakuyi "Hobo Jungle", njengoba yayiyikhaya lezihambi eziningi. Ngaphandle kophenyo lokubulala, okwake kwaholwa ngummeli owaziwayo u-Eliot Ness, ngaleso sikhathi owayenguMqondisi Wezokuphepha Komphakathi eCleveland, lo mbulali akazange aboshwe.
8 | Icala Lokubulala Okumnyama Dahlia
U-Elizabeth Short, owayedume ngelikaBlack Dahlia, watholakala ebulewe eLos Angeles, eCalifornia, ngoJanuwari 15, 1947. Ngenxa yobudlova becala lakhe, elalibandakanya nesidumbu sakhe esacwiywa futhi sanqunywa okhalweni, lathola ngokushesha ukunakwa kwezwe. Imininingwane ezungeze impilo kaShort ayaziwa kakhulu, kunokuba abe ngumlingisi ofisayo. Leli cala livame ukucashunwa njengenye yezigameko zokubulala ezingahlelwanga neze eLos Angeles County.
9 | Ukubulawa KukaWoodchipper
Ngemuva kokuzwa ngezindaba eziningi zomyeni wakhe, uHelle Nielsen wanyamalala ngoNovemba 1986. Kamuva umshayeli we-snowplow watshela amaphoyisa ukuthi ubone umyeni kaCrafts esebenzisa i-woodchipper muva nje ehlathini, kwatholakala izinsalela zabantu okuqinisekisile ukuthi umzimba wakhe ubumisiwe. abese efaka i-chipper. Leli cala kuthiwa laliwugqugquzelo lwe-movie Fargo.
UHelle Nielsen washada noRichard Crafts ngo-1979 futhi wahlala naye eNewtown, eConnecticut, e-United States. UHelle uqhubeke nokusebenza njengesisebenzi sezindiza ngenkathi ekhulisa izingane zabo ezintathu. Ngo-1985, wayesethole ukuthi uRichard wayenze izinto eziningi. NgoSepthemba 1986, uHelle wahlangana nommeli wedivosi waqasha umphenyi wangasese, u-Oliver Mayo, owathwebula izithombe zikaRichard eqabula omunye owayesebenza endizeni ngaphandle komuzi wakhe eNew Jersey.
NgoNovemba 18, 1986, abangane bashiya uHelle lapho kuhlala khona lezi zithandani eNewtown ngemuva kokuthi esebenze ibhanoyi elide esuka eFrankfurt, eNtshonalanga Jalimane. Akaphindanga wabonwa futhi. Ngalobo busuku, kwaba nesiphepho endaweni. Ngakusasa ekuseni, uRichard uthe uhambisa uHelle nezingane zabo endlini kadadewabo eWestport. Lapho efika, uHelle wayengekho naye.
Emasontweni ambalwa alandelayo, uRichard wanikeza abangani bakaHelle izindaba ezahlukahlukene zokuthi kungani bengakwazanga ukufinyelela kuye: ukuthi wayevakashela umama wakhe eDenmark, ukuthi wayevakashela iziqhingi zaseCanary nomngani wakhe, noma nje umazi ukuthi ukuphi. Abangani bakaHelle babazi ukuthi uRichard wayenolaka futhi wakhathazeka. UHelle wayetshele abanye babo, "Uma kwenzeka okuthile kimi, ungacabangi ukuthi kube ingozi." Akuzange kubikwe ukuthi ulahlekile kuze kube nguDisemba 1.
10 | Umthengisi waseHanover
UFritz Haarmann wahlukumeza ngokocansi, waquma izitho zomzimba, waquma izitho zomzimba, futhi wabulala abafana abangaphezu kwama-24 phakathi kuka-1919 no -1924 eJalimane. Watholwa enecala ngenxa yokubulawa kwabantu abaningi, wagwetshwa intambo ngokunqunywa ikhanda ngasekupheleni kuka-1924. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokulandela inqubo yaseJalimane, amalungelo akhe okuba yisakhamuzi ahoxiswa. Wabe esebulawa ngo-Ephreli 1925.
U-Haarmann waziwa njengo-Butcher wase-Hanover ngenxa yokunqunywa komzimba nokuqothulwa komzimba okwenziwe emizimbeni yezisulu zakhe nangeziqu ezifana ne "Vampire of Hanover" kanye ne "Wolf-Man" ngenxa yendlela yakhe ayithandayo yokubulala umphimbo wezisulu zakhe.
11 | I-Belle Gunness
UBrynhild Paulsdatter Storset, owaziwa kakhulu ngo-Belle Gunness ungumbulali waseNorway-American obulala abantu epulazini lakhe, athathe izinqubomgomo zomshuwalense wokuphila kubo noma abenze balethe inqwaba yemali ukuze bakwazi "ukutshala impahla yakhe ekhulayo," babulale, bese ubapha izingulube zakhe. Wabuye wabulala iningi lamasoka akhe, amadoda akhe amabili, namadodakazi akhe womabili.
Wayaziwa nangokuthi yi-Hell's Belle, uMfelokazi Omnyama noLady Bluebeard ngenxa yedumela lakhe elibi njengombulali onobudlelwano ngokubulala abesilisa ababethandana naye. Isibalo esiqondile sabesilisa asibulele asaziwa - kulinganiselwa ukuthi siyizisulu eziphakathi kuka-14 no-40 - kodwa into eyodwa iqinisekile, abesilisa nezingane ezidabukisayo ezawela indlela yakhe babehlala besengozini yokuba yisisulu sakhe esilandelayo.
12 | Ababulali baseHinterkaifeck
Ngo-1922, ukubulawa ngesihluku komndeni okwadlula nemiphefumulo yabantu abayisithupha kwenzeka eHinterkaifeck, epulazini elincane elingu-6km enyakatho neMunich, eJalimane. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokubulawa, umninikhaya u-Andreas Gruber wabona ezinye izinyathelo ezivela ehlathini eqhweni elingena ngemuva komndeni womndeni, kepha akukho okuholele phambili.
Kusukela lapho, bezwa izinyathelo eziyinqaba ophahleni lwendlu futhi bathola iphephandaba abangakaze balithenge. Kwenze incekukazi yabo yaphuma endlini ixhamazela. Ngosuku lokubulala, kwafika incekukazi entsha, kanye nomndeni, naye wabulawa ngumuntu osebenzisa ipiki. Umbulali akazange abanjwe naphezu kophenyo olukhulu. Funda kabanzi
13 | Ukubulawa kukaKarina Holmer
Izithandani zaseSweden ezineminyaka engu-20 zanyamalala ngaphandle kweklabhu yasebusuku yaseBoston ngo-3 ekuseni ngoJuni 23, 1996. Kamuva ngalolo suku, umzimba wakhe ongenhla watholakala endaweni yokulahla inkunkuma. Ukubulawa akukaze kuxazululwe, futhi umbulali kanye nesizathu sokubulawa kwakhe asikaziwa, njengoba nengxenye engezansi yomzimba wakhe. Funda kabanzi
14 | UJoseph Kallinger
NgoJulayi 1974, uJoseph Kallinger nendodana yakhe eneminyaka engu-12, uMichael, bangena emakhaya emindeni ehlukene ngokuzenza abathengisi ePhiladelphia Baltimore naseNew Jersey. Lapho bengaphakathi, baphanga futhi bahlasela ngokobulili leyo mindeni futhi babulala abantu abathathu.
NgoJanuwari 8, 1975, baqhubeka nokulwa kwabo nobugebengu eLeonia, eNew Jersey. Besebenzisa isibhamu nommese, bahlula ngamandla futhi babopha laba bantu abathathu. Kwathi lapho abanye bengena ekhaya, baphoqeleka ukuba bakhumule futhi baboshwa ngezintambo zamalambu nezinye izinto zokusebenza.
Lokhu kwagcina ngokuthi kubulawe umhlengikazi oneminyaka engu-21 uMaria Fasching, umuntu wesishiyagalombili owafika, lapho enqaba ukulandela imiyalo kaKallinger waphendula ngokumgwaza entanyeni nasemhlane. Esinye sezakhamizi, ebesaboshiwe, sikwazile ukuphuma saya ngaphandle sicela usizo. Omakhelwane bambona base bebiza amaphoyisa.
Ngesikhathi befika abakwaKallinger babebalekile, basebenzisa ibhasi ledolobha njengemoto yabo yokubaleka futhi belahla izikhali zabo nehembe eligcwele igazi endleleni. UKallinger waboshwa wagwetshwa udilikajele ngo-1976, kanti washona ngo-1996 ngenxa yenhliziyo.
Phambilini, uKallinger waboshwa waboshwa ngo-1972 ngesikhathi izingane zakhe ziya emaphoyiseni. Ngesikhathi esejele, uKallinger wayesethole amaphuzu angama-82 esivivinyweni se-IQ futhi kwatholakala ukuthi une-paranoid schizophrenia, kanti odokotela bengqondo bakahulumeni bancoma ukuthi abhekwe nomndeni wakhe. Kamuva izingane zizihoxisile izinsolo zazo.
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, enye yezingane zakhe, uJoseph, Jr., yatholakala ishonile esakhiweni esingasasebenzi, emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokuba uKallinger ethathe umshwalense wokuphila omkhulu emadodaneni akhe. Yize uKallinger athi uJoseph, Jr. ubalekile ekhaya, inkampani yomshuwalense, isola ukudlala okungafanele, yenqaba ukukhokha isimangalo.
15 | UDean Corll - Indoda Kamaskandi
UDean Arnold Corll wayengumbulali waseMelika owathumba, wadlwengula, wahlukumeza, futhi wabulala okungenani abafana nezinsizwa ezingama-29 phakathi kuka-1970 no-1973 eHouston, eTexas. Wasebenzisa abafana ababili abasebasha, uDavid Owen Brooks no-Elmer Wayne Henley, ukuze ayenge abafana ukuba baye emzini wakhe ngezithembiso zephathi noma ukugibela ekhaya. La macala, aziwa ngokuthi yi-Houston Mass Murders, avela ngemuva kokuthi lowo ayehambisana naye u-Wayne Henley egcine esenele, wadubula uCorll washona. Lapho kutholwa, kubhekwe njengesibonelo esibi kakhulu sokubulala okulandelanayo emlandweni wase-US. Funda kabanzi
16 | Omakoti Ekugezeni Ababulali
UGeorge Joseph Smith wayengumbulali waseNgilandi futhi engumuntu omkhulu. Ngawo-1910, uGeorge wayezothola intokazi enhle ecebile ayezoshada nayo, aqiniseke ukuthi wayenomshuwalense wokuphila owawumqamba njengomhlomuli - bese kuthi ngokungaqondakali bonke bafe kubhavu wokugeza. Leli cala laziwa ngokuthi abaMakoti ekuBulaweni kwaBhati. UGeorge wayesolwa ngokubulala abafazi bakhe abathathu, kodwa ngenxa yemithetho yangaleso sikhathi, wagwetshwa oyedwa kuphela.
Njengoba lalibikwa kabanzi kwabezindaba, leli cala lalibalulekile emlandweni we-forensic pathology and detection. Kwakungelinye lamacala okuqala lapho kwasetshenziswa ukufana phakathi kwamacala ahlobene nokufakazela ukucatshangelwa, inqubo esetshenziswe ekushushisweni okwalandela.
17 | UVlado Taneski
UVlado Taneski wayeyintatheli evela edolobheni elincane eMacedonia owabulala abesifazane abathathu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nengama-70 ubudala. Ngemuva kokutholakala kwemizimba yabo, wayeya emindenini yabesifazane abhale ngayo ephepheni. Lezi zihloko zivuse ukusola kwamaphoyisa, ngoba abenemininingwane ebingakakhishelwa umphakathi. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kuxhumanise uTaneski nokubulawa kwabantu, waboshwa ngoJuni 2008 edolobheni lakubo laseKičevo. Ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva kokuboshwa, wazibulala, kepha kunemibono yokuthi wabulawa.
18 | Ukubulawa kukaBetsy Aardsma
NgoNovemba 1969, umfundi oneminyaka engu-22 ubudala u-Aardsma wayesendaweni yase "Stacks" ePattee Library ePennsylvania State University (Penn State) ngesikhathi egwazwa kanye esifubeni. Bekunegazi elincane kangangokuthi akekho owaziyo ukuthi wayegwaziwe waze wafika esibhedlela. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-47, amaphoyisa asaluthatha ngentshiseko ulwazi ngaleli cala. Yize ukubulawa kuka-Aardsma kungakaxazululwa ngokusemthethweni, izintatheli zasendaweni nezababhali ababili abehlukene bashicilele ubufakazi nemibiko yobufakazi obuthathelanayo obabeka uprofesa wezejiyoloji yasePenn State uRichard Haefner.
19 | Ukubulawa kukaSylvia Likens
USylvia Likens oneminyaka engu-16 waphathiswa umngani womndeni, uGertrude Baniszewski, ngenkathi abazali bakhe behamba. Kepha umnakekeli wayengeke athembeke. Umbulali wase-Indiana uGertrude wakhuthaza ukuhlukunyezwa nokubulawa kwentsha uSylvia Likens. Wakwazi ukubandakanya indawo yonke yezingane - kufaka phakathi izingane zakhe eziyisikhombisa, abanye abangane bakaLikens, isoka, nodadewabo uJenny - ukumsiza abulale uSylvia. Leli cala libizwe ngokuthi “ubugebengu obedlula bonke obenziwa kumuntu emlandweni wombuso.” Funda kabanzi
20 | AbakwaDupont de Ligonnès bayabulala futhi banyamalale
Amalungu amahlanu omndeni owodwa eNantes, eLoire-Atlantique, eFrance, abulawa ngendlela engaqondakali ngo-Ephreli 21, 2011. Isimo sezehlakalo asikaze sitholwe, kepha ubaba womndeni, u-Xavier Dupont de Ligonnès, ulahlekile kusukela. Uyisigunyazo sokuboshwa emhlabeni jikelele futhi uthathwa njengomsolwa omkhulu ekubulaweni kwalaba bantu. Ngisho ne-creepier! Ukuqashwa kwaleli khaya lomndeni kwase kunqanyulwe ngokuphelele, futhi wonke ama-akhawunti asebhange avalwa, kunebhokisi ebhokisini leposi elalithi, “Buyisela yonke imeyili kumthumeli.”
21 | UKatherine Knight
UKatherine Mary Knight ungowesifazane wokuqala wase-Australia ukunikezwa udilikajele ngaphandle kukashwele, owathi ngo-Okthoba 2001, wagwaza wabulala umyeni wakhe uJohn Charles Thomas Price, wamhlinza, wampheka, wabeka nezitho zomzimba wakhe emapuletini kanye namakhadi endawo ngokulandelayo kubo ngenhloso yokuziphakela izingane zakhe. UKnight njengamanje uboshelwe eSilverwater Women's Correctional Centre eNew South Wales.
Ibhonasi:
Ubani owafaka uBella kuWych Elm?
Ngo-Ephreli 18, 1943, abafana bendawo abane ababizwa ngoRobert Hart, uThomas Willetts, uBob Farmer noFred Payne, babezingela ngokungekho emthethweni noma befaka izidleke zezinyoni eHagley Wood yaseWorcestershire, eduzane naseWychbury Hill eNgilandi lapho behlangana ne-wych enkulu elm lapho bathola khona uhlaka lomuntu esiqwini salo esingenalutho. Omunye wabo ubikele amaphoyisa ngalokhu okutholakele.
Ngesikhathi kuphenywa, kwavela ukuthi umlomo wesidumbu wawugxishwe u-taffeta, wafihlwa kanye nesidumbu sakhe, indandatho yomshado yegolide nesihlangu. Imbangela yokufa bekungukuxinana kanti isidumbu sifakwe ku-elm lapho kusashisa. Kepha lapho i-graffiti engajwayelekile iqala ukuvela ezigebengwini zedolobha ngombuzo, "Ngubani ofake uBella ku-wych-elm?" leli dolobha laphenduka iphupho elibi, likwenza kwaba ngenye yalezo zimfihlakalo ezingasonjululwanga ezingazange zithole mpendulo.
Ababulali Bear Brook
NgoNovemba 10, 1985, umzingeli othile wathola isigubhu sensimbi esingamalitha angama-55 eduze kwesiza sesitolo esashile eBear Brook State Park e-Allenstown, eNew Hampshire. Ngaphakathi bekunezidumbu ezihlukaniswe amathambo ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele zomuntu wesifazane osemncane nentombazane encane, ezisongwe ngoplastiki. Ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu kunqume ukuthi bobabili babulawa ukuhlukumezeka okungacacile phakathi kuka-1977 no-1985. Eminyakeni engu-15 kamuva, kwatholakala esinye isigubhu sensimbi ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-100, lesi esasinezidumbu zamantombazane amanye amabili - esinye sazo sasihlobene nabantu abatholakala ngo-1985. isisulu sesine asinabo ubudlelwano nabanye. Umbulali akakaze akhonjwe kanti icala alikaxazululwa.
