Isikhathi 'ngaphambi kukazamcolo omkhulu' saziwa njengeNkathi ye-Antediluvian, kwesinye isikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi isikhathi sangaphambi kukazamcolo. Lesi sikhathi sesikhathi sichazwa eBhayibhelini njengesikhathi esiphakathi kokuxoshwa komuntu eNsimini yase-Edene nakazamcolo kaNowa, njengoba kulandiswa kuGenesise. Kodwa-ke, izinganekwane ezifanayo zikazamcolo omkhulu zingatholakala kwezinye izinkolo futhi zihlehlele emuva ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka, futhi aziqukethe nje iBhayibheli.
Eqinisweni, amarekhodi okuqala wezikhukhula ezinkulu ahlehlela emuva cishe ku-200 BC, futhi atholakala ezibhebheni zakudala zaseSumerian zobumba. Izincwadi zasendulo azigcini nje ngokulandisa umlando wangaphambi kukazamcolo, kodwa futhi zikhuluma ngofuzo lomuntu nokuthi “onkulunkulu” bangenelela kanjani ngendlela ephawulekayo:
“Kwakuyiminyaka eyikhulu nambili kuphela selokhu abantu baseMhlabeni bandile futhi banda. Umhlaba waklabalasa okwenkunzi yenkomo, unkulunkulu, ethuswa ubudlova bawo, wezwa ukuxokozela ”. Wabe esekhuluma konkulunkulu abakhulu, wathi: “Umsindo wesintu usukhulume kakhulu kimi, futhi ukuxokozela kwawo kungincishe ubuthongo. Nqamula ukuthunyelwa emadolobheni, futhi umhlaba uzohlupheka ngenxa yalokho ”.
“U-Adad kumele agcine imvula yakhe inganqabi futhi athumele isikhukhula. Vumela umoya ukuba ushaye ushaye umhlaba, ubangele ukuba kuphakame amafu kodwa hhayi isixwayiso semvula enamandla, enganciphisa isivuno sezitshalo. Akufanele kube nenjabulo phakathi kwabo. ” (Kusuka kuhlelo lweMass Market Paperback lweThe Gods of Eden)
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngokusho kwamathebulethi aseSumeriya, "onkulunkulu babalekela umhlaba ukuze bahlale bephephile ezulwini" ngaphambi nje kukazamcolo omkhulu owabhubhisa uMhlaba, "wabuyela emuva kukazamcolo".
Lezi zindaba, izazi zalezi zifundo ezibiza ngokuthi "ama-akhawunti asendulo," zikhomba ukuthi kunesikhathi lapho imiphakathi ehlukene yayihlala emhlabeni wethu, amasiko kanye nabantu ababehlala eMhlabeni ngaphambi kokubhalwa komlando wethu, isikhathi esilahlekile semicimbi yangaphambi komlando enomkhondo wawo siyaqongelela kancane namhlanje.
Kodwa izinganekwane zikazamcolo omkhulu akuzona kuphela ubufakazi bokuthi impucuko esezingeni eliphakeme yayikhona kudala ngaphambi kwethu; kube nokubulawa kokutholwa okwengeziwe okuxhasa umbono wempucuko yase-Antediluvia.
Iqiniso lokuthi izinto zobuciko ezingenakubalwa zitholwe emhlabeni wonke likhombisa ukuthi umlando, njengoba safundiswa, awulungile. Izazi ziqinisekisile amabalazwe afana nakaPiri Reis, kepha zikhungathekile futhi azikwazi ukuchaza ukunemba kwazo nemininingwane yazo. Ezinye zazo zenzelwe sengathi indawo ingabonakala emoyeni ngaphambi kokuba kudwetshwe amamephu.
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi Imephu yePiri Reis liphefumulelwe ngamamephu amadala kakhulu avela ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Kepha yini esingayifunda kumamephu afana noPiri Reis? Banikeza ubufakazi obuqinile bokuthi impucuko enolwazi olukhulu lwe-cartographic yayikhona eMhlabeni esikhathini esedlule esikude.
Kubukeka sengathi lempucuko yasendulo ibona izindawo zomhlaba manje ezigcwele iqhwa, njenge-Antarctica, okukhombisa ukuthi lowo owakhipha lawa mabalazwe kumele ukuthi wabona izingxenye zomhlaba lapho isimo sezulu somhlaba sasihluke kakhulu, ngaphambi kokugcina ubudala beqhwa.
Imephu kaPiri Reis yatholwa ngo-1520, futhi ayikhombisi nje kuphela i-Antarctica ngaphandle kweqhwa, kodwa futhi imele ngokufanele i-geology yezwekazi laseMelika ngendlela yokuthi kubukeka sengathi yadalwa kusetshenziswa izithombe zasemoyeni. Ngokumangazayo, i-US Navy Hydrographic Service ilibuyekezile leli shadi yaqinisekisa ukusebenza kwalo ngamaphesenti ayi-100.
Ukuba semthethweni kwemephu sekutholakele, futhi kuqondile impela ukuthi kuthiwa kwakusetshenziselwa ukulungisa amaphutha kumamephu athile amanje. Kepha ngubani, eminyakeni eyizi-6,000 eyedlule, owabhala isabelo somhlaba somkhakha we-East Antarctic ngaphezu kwe-Southern Ocean? Iyiphi impucuko engatholakali eyayinobuchwepheshe noma eyayinesidingo sokwenza lokho?
Imininingwane yendawo imephu ikhombisa ukuthi okwangempela kubhalwe emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-5,000 XNUMX. Yize i- Imephu yePiri Reis ayizange ikhiqizwe ngaphambi kukazamcolo omkhulu, yadalwa ngamamephu aneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5,000 XNUMX ubudala.
UCaptain Lorenzo W. Burroughs, inhloko ye-USAF, Westover AFB, eMassachusetts, ubhala encwadini ethokozisayo mayelana Imephu yePiri Resi:
“Ukuqondana kwemephu yasePiri Reis nomlando wokuzamazama komhlaba wale ndawo okwenziwa uhambo lwaseBrithani lwesiNorway ngo-1949, ngaphandle kokungabaza okunengqondo, kuvumela isiphetho sokuthi umthombo wokuqala wamamephu kumelwe ukuba wawukhona ngaphambi kokuba kuhlanganiswe i-ice sheet yase-Antarctica ogwini loMhlaba weNdlovukazi uMaud ”.
Amanye amabalazwe, njengeZeno Map, eyandulela imephu yasePiri Reis futhi abonisa ogwini lwaseNorway, iSweden, iDenmark, iScotland, neJalimane yanamuhla, aphawuleka kakhulu. Ishadi likaZeno likhombisa nobude obuqondile nobubanzi beziqhingi eziningi.
Kungani kubalulekile? Kwakungekho mishini etholakalayo ngaleso sikhathi yokwenza izilinganiso ezinjalo. Okumangalisa nakakhulu ukuthi ibalazwe likaZeno libonisa indawo yaseGreenland yanamuhla engenazo izinguzunga zeqhwa, okusho ukuthi kumele ngabe kukhona owayevakashele iGreenland ngaphambi kwesikhathi seqhwa.
Ulwazi lubonakala ludluliselwe kumuntu kuya komunye. Amashadi wokuzulazula kubonakala sengathi avela kubantu abangaziwa futhi adluliswa yibo; mhlawumbe kwakungabakwaMinoans nabaseFenike, ababengabahamba phambili bezindiza basendulo izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Ubufakazi bukhombisa ukuthi babuthelwa ndawonye futhi bahlolwa emtatsheni wezincwadi omkhulu wase-Alexandria (eGibhithe), nokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwabo kwenziwa ngabalimi bezwe abasebenza lapho. UPiri Reis cishe wazigcina izinhlamvu ngoba zaziseMtapowolwazi wase-Alexandria, umtapo wolwazi owaziwa kakhulu futhi obaluleke kakhulu ezikhathini zasendulo. “UDkt. Charles Hapgood -Maps of the Ancient Kings of the Sea ”(Isingeniso ku-Turnstone Books, eLondon, 1979).
Izithombe ezenziwe abadwebi bamabalazwe u-Yehudi Ibn Ben Zara zithakazelisa kakhulu. Imephu yakhe, eyadalwa ngo-1487, ibonisa ezinye izingxenye ezimbozwe yiqhwa zaseBrittany. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imephu ikhombisa iziqhingi zolwandle iMedithera ne-Aegean. Lezi ziqhingi okwamanje zicwilisiwe, okusho ukuthi amashadi adalwa ngesikhathi lapho umhlaba wethu wawuhluke kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngaphambi kukaZamcolo.
Lawa mabalazwe asendulo aphakamisa izimfihlakalo eziningi nemibuzo, okusho ukuthi imiphakathi yasendulo futhi ehlakaniphile yayihlala eMhlabeni esikhathini esedlule esedlule, ebuyela emuva okungenani eminyakeni eyizi-10,000 12,000 kuya kweziyi-XNUMX, yakha izakhiwo ezinkulu, yenza izinto ezimangazayo, futhi yeqa umhlaba ngokunemba okumangazayo.
