Owesifazane waseChina kusuka Isigcino sikaHan igcinwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2,100 XNUMX futhi yaxaka umhlaba wobuhlakani. Ebizwa nge- “Lady Dai,” uthathwa njengomama olondolozwe kahle kunabo bonke abake batholakala.
Isikhumba sakhe sithambile, izingalo nemilenze yakhe iyakwazi ukugoba, izitho zakhe zangaphakathi ziqinile, futhi usenalo nolwakhe uketshezi Uhlobo lwe-A lwegazi, izinwele eziqoqekile nezinkophe.
Ithuna likaLady Dai - ukutholakala ngengozi
Ngo-1971, abanye abasebenzi bezokwakha baqala ukumba emithambekeni yegquma elibizwa ngegama Mawangdui, eduze kwedolobha laseChangsha, eHunan, eChina. Bebakha indawo yokuhlala evulekile yomoya wesibhedlela esiseduze, ngenkathi benza lokhu, bemba bangena egqumeni.
Ngaphambi kuka-1971, igquma laseMawangdui alikaze lithathwe njengendawo yokuthakazelelwa kwemivubukulo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwashintsha lapho izisebenzi zizithela phezu kwalokho okwakubonakala ngathi yithuna elalifihlwe ngaphansi kwezingqimba eziningi zenhlabathi namatshe.
Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokukhosela emoyeni kwakhanselwa futhi, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokutholwa kwabasebenzi ngengozi, iqembu labavubukuli bamazwe omhlaba laqala ukumba le ndawo.
Ithuna laba likhulu kakhulu kangangokuba inqubo yokumba yahlala cishe isikhathi esingangonyaka, futhi abavubukuli babedinga usizo kumavolontiya afinyelela ku-1,500, ikakhulukazi abafundi bezikole eziphakeme zendawo.
Umsebenzi wabo onzima wazuzisa ngoba bathola ithuna elihle lasendulo likaLi Chang, iMarquis of Dai, owayephethe isifundazwe cishe eminyakeni engama-2,200 XNUMX eyedlule, ngesikhathi sokubusa kobukhosi bakwaHan.
Ithuna lalinezinto zobuciko eziyivelakancane ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane eziyigugu, ezihlanganisa imifanekiso yegolide neyesiliva yabaculi, abalilayo, nezilwane, izinto zasendlini ezenziwe ngobuciko, ubucwebe obenziwe ngobunono, kanye neqoqo lezingubo ezenziwe ngosilika wasendulo omuhle.
Kodwa-ke, okubaluleke ngaphezu kwazo zonke ukutholakala komama kaXin Zhui, unkosikazi kaLi Chang neMarquise of Dai. Umama, manje owaziwa kabanzi ngokuthi yiLady Dai, iDiva Mummy, kanye neChina Sleeping Beauty, utholakale esongwe ngezingqimba eziningi zikasilika futhi avalelwe ngaphakathi kwamabhokisi amane amahle abiyelwe.
Ibhokisi lomngcwabo elingaphandle lalipendwe ngombala omnyama okufanekisela ukufa nokudlula komuntu oshonile ebumnyameni baphansi. Kwakuhlotshiswe nangezimpaphe zezinyoni ezahlukahlukene ngoba amaShayina asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi imiphefumulo yabafileyo kufanele ikhule izimpaphe namaphiko ngaphambi kokuba ikwazi ukungafi esikhathini esizayo.
Imfihlakalo ngemuva kukamama kaLady Dai
ILady of Dai, owaziwa nangokuthi uXin Zhui, wayephila ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaHan, obabusa kusukela ngonyaka ka-206 BCE kuya ku-220 AD eChina, futhi wayengunkosikazi weMarquis of Dai. Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, uXin Zhui wangcwatshwa endaweni ekude ngaphakathi kwegquma iMawangdui.
Ngokuya ngesidumbu, uXin Zhui wayekhuluphele ngokweqile, enezinhlungu eqolo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, imithambo evimbekile, isifo sesibindi, inyongo, isifo sikashukela, futhi waba nenhliziyo eyalimala kabi eyamenza ukuthi abulawe yisifo senhliziyo eneminyaka engama-50. Kuholele ososayensi ukuthi bakholelwe ukuthi uyisifo esidala kunawo wonke esaziwa ngesifo senhliziyo. UXin Zhui wayephila impilo yobukhazikhazi ngakho-ke ubizwa ngegama lesidlaliso esithi “Umama KaDiva.”
Ngokumangazayo, abavubukuli be-forensic bathole ukuthi isidlo sokugcina sikaXin Zhui sasiwukudla kwamakhabe. Ethuneni lakhe, elalingcwatshwe ngamamitha angu-40 ngaphansi komhlaba, wayephethe ikhabethe elinezingubo eziyi-100 zikasilika, izingcezu eziyi-182 zelacquerware ebizayo, izimonyo nezinto zokugeza. Wayephinde abe nemifanekiso eqoshiwe yokhuni engu-162 emele izisebenzi ethuneni lakhe.
Ngokwamarekhodi, isidumbu sikaXin Zhui sasigoqwe ngezingqimba zikasilika ezingama-20, sacwiliswa kuketshezi olungaziwa olune-asidi olwalunqanda amagciwane ukuthi akhule futhi avaleke ngaphakathi kwamabhokisi amane omngcwabo. Leli gunjana lamabhokisi omngcwabo labe seligcwele amathani amalahle ayi-5 lavalwa ngobumba.
Abavubukuli baphinde bathola umkhondo we-mercury ebhokisini lakhe, okukhombisa ukuthi insimbi enobuthi kungenzeka ukuthi yayisetshenziswa njenge-antibacterial agent. Ithuna lenziwa ukuthi lingangeni manzi futhi lingangenisi umoya ukuze amabhaktheriya angakwazi ukuchuma - kepha kusalokhu kuyimfihlakalo yesayensi ukuthi umzimba ugcinwe kahle kanjani.
Kunemibuzo eminingi engaphenduliwe, futhi yize abaseGibhithe bebaziwa kakhulu ngezidumbu zabo, amaShayina kungenzeka ukuthi baphumelela kakhulu kuwo.
Indlela yasendulo yamaShayina yokulondolozwa ayizange ihlasele njengaleyo yabaseGibhithe, ababesusa izitho eziningi zangaphakathi kwabafileyo ukuze zigcinwe ngokwehlukile. Okwamanje, ukulondolozwa okumangalisayo kukaXin Zhui kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo.
Amazwi wokugcina
Akungabazeki ukuthi uLady Dai wayephila impilo eyihlazo futhi akekho owazi okuningi ngempilo yakhe yangasese ngenxa "yemfihlo" emasikweni amaShayina. Ushone ngenkathi edla ikhabe, kepha ngaleso sikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi wayengazi ukuthi ukufa kwakhe kwase kusondele nokuthi ososayensi abanelukuluku bazophenya isisu sakhe eminyakeni engu-2,000 XNUMX ngokuzayo.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, basamangala ukuthi umzimba ovela kumugqa wesikhathi onjalo ungalondolozwa kahle kangaka. Kulezi zinsuku, umama kaLady Dai nezinto eziningi zobuciko ezitholakale ethuneni lakhe ziyabonakala lapho IHunan Provincial Museum.
