Kunedolobhana elincane lasendulo elibizwa nge- “Ain Dara” enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Aleppo, eSyria, elinesakhiwo somlando esimangazayo - Ithempeli i-Ain Dara, elisentshonalanga yomuzi.
Ngaphandle komnyango wethempeli i-Ain Dara, kukhona umbhalo ongakholeki ovela emlandweni - imikhondo emikhulu yezinyawo. Kuze kube namuhla, akukaziwa ukuthi obani abazenzileyo nokuthi kungani zaqoshwa kanjalo.
Izinganekwane nezindatshana zasendulo ziqhubeka zibonisa inkolelo yabandulelayo yokuthi izidalwa ezinamandla angaphezu kwawomuntu ezinesiqu esikhulu ngaphambili zazihamba eMhlabeni. Ithempeli lase-Ain Dara ebelikade liwubukhazikhazi, noma okungenani okusele kulo, ekuqaleni laheha ukunakwa kwabezindaba ngo-1955 lapho kutholakala ngengozi enkulu le ndawo ebusalt.
Ithempeli le-Iron-Age laphinde lavubukulwa lafundwa kahle phakathi kuka-1980 no-1985, futhi liye lafaniswa nethempeli leNkosi uSolomoni ezikhathini eziningi.
NgokweBible History Daily, ukufana okumangazayo phakathi kwethempeli i-'Ain Dara nethempeli elivezwe eBhayibhelini kuyamangalisa impela. Zombili lezi zinhlaka zakhiwe kuzingxenyekazi ezinkulu zokwenziwa ezazakhiwe ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu zamadolobha azo.
Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kulandela isakhiwo esifanayo esinezingxenye ezintathu: umpheme wokungena osekelwa amakholomu amabili, ihholo eliyinhloko lendawo engcwele (ihholo lethempeli i-'Ain Dara lihlukaniswe laba yinqolobane kanye negumbi elikhulu), ngemuva kwalokho ukwahlukanisa, ithempeli eliphakeme, elaziwa ngokuthi iNgcwelengcwele.
Uchungechunge lwamahholo namakamelo anezitezi eziningi ayesebenza ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene awazungeza ezinhlangothini zawo zombili nhlangothi zombili zesakhiwo esikhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuthi ithempeli lase-Ain Dara lihlanganyela ngezici eziningi nethempeli leNkosi uSolomoni, akunakwenzeka ukuthi lakhiwe ngendlela efanayo. Ithempeli lase-Ain Dara, ngokusho kommbiwa u-Ali Abu Assaf, lakhiwa cishe ngonyaka we-1300 BC futhi lahlala iminyaka engu-550, kusukela ngo-740 BC kuya ku-1300 BC.
Abavubukuli namanje abakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yimuphi unkulunkulu owayekhulekelwa ethempelini nokuthi kwanikezelwa bani. Izazi eziningana zicabanga ukuthi yayakhiwe njengendawo engcwele ka-Ishtar, unkulunkulukazi wenzalo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kwakungunkulunkulukazi u-Astarte, owayengumnikazi wendawo engcwele. Elinye iqembu likholelwa ukuthi unkulunkulu u-Baal Hadad wayengumnikazi wethempeli.
Ezinye zezinto zokwakhiwa kwethempeli, kufaka phakathi izisekelo zamatshe amatshe kanye namabhulokhi e-basalt, zigcinwe ngokucophelela phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Yize lesi sakhiwo sasikade sinezindonga zodaka ezimbozwe ngokhuni, leso sici ngokudabukisayo silahlekile emlandweni.
Imidwebo eminingi eqoshwe ngobuciko emele amabhubesi, amakherubi nezinye izidalwa zasenganekwaneni, onkulunkulu basezintabeni, izintende zesundu, nemidwebo emihle yejometri ihlobisa izindonga zangaphandle nangaphakathi zesakhiwo.
Indawo yokungena yethempeli i-Ain Dara ivikelwe yizinyathelo ezinkulu eziqoshiwe ezimile embundwini. Zizungeze imitha elilodwa ubude futhi zibheke ngaphakathi kwethempeli.
Ithempeli lase-'Ain Dara, njengethempeli likaSolomoni, lalitholakala ngegceke elalifakwe amatshe efulegi. Phezulu kwetshe lefulegi, kwase kubhalwe unyawo lwangakwesobunxele, okukhombisa ukungena kukankulunkulu ethempelini. Embundwini we-cella, kwaqoshwa unyawo lwesokudla, okukhombisa ukuthi unkulunkulu omkhulu kwakudingeka athathe izinyathelo ezimbili ukungena ethempelini.
Isikhala esiphakathi kwezinyathelo ezimbili singamamitha angama-30. Igxathu lamamitha angama-30 lingafanela umuntu noma unkulunkulukazi cishe ngamamitha angama-65 ukuphakama. Ithempeli likhulu ngokwanele ukuba unkulunkulu angene futhi ahlale kulo ngokunethezeka.
Abaphenyi badidekile ukuthi kungani zaqoshwa nokuthi zenze muphi umsebenzi. Abanye ososayensi baye basikisela ukuthi imikhondo yezinyawo ingakhiwa ukuvusa ubukhona bonkulunkulu, okusebenza njengohlobo lwesithombe salo nkulunkulu. Ngaphandle kokuthi lokhu akuyona imizila yeqiniso emikhulu, ukubaza kuqinisile, futhi kukhombisa ukuthi okhokho bethu babejwayelene futhi bebona izinhlangano ezinkulu kakhulu.
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi iMesopotamiya yaziwa ngokuba yisizinda sempucuko futhi ingumthombo wenganekwane enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngakho-ke okutholayo okuxakayo nokudidayo njengezinyathelo ezinkulu kulindeleke esifundeni.
Insumansumane yendawo ezungezile isikisela ngokuqinisekile isikhathi lapho iziqhwaga, onkulunkulu, nonkulunkulu bezulazula eMhlabeni beshiya uphawu lwabo ngemuva. Ezinye zalezi zindaba zisitshela U-Anunnaki, ngokwenganekwane, weza emhlabeni evela kwenye iplanethi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyedlule futhi washintsha impucuko yethu unomphela.
