Ugebhezi Lwekhanda 5: Ugebhezi lomuntu oneminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-1.85 lwaphoqa ososayensi ukuthi bacabange kabusha ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu kwasekuqaleni
Ngo-2005, ososayensi bathola ugebhezi oluphelele lukakhokho wasendulo endaweni yemivubukulo yaseDmanisi, idolobha elincane eliseningizimu yeGeorgia, eYurophu. Ukhakhayi lungelokuqothuka hominin eyaphila iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-1.85 edlule!
Uyaziwa ngokuthi Ukhakhayi 5 noma D4500, isifanekiso semvubukulo siphelele futhi sinobuso obude, amazinyo amakhulu nebhokisi elincane lobuchopho. Kwakungenye yezingulube ezinhlanu zakudala ze-hominin ezitholwe eDmanisi, futhi kuphoqe ososayensi ukuthi bacabangisise ngendaba yokuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu wokuqala.
Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, "Lokhu kutholakala kunikeza ubufakazi bokuqala bokuthi iHomo yasekuqaleni yayinabantu abadala abanobuchopho obuncane kodwa ubukhulu bomzimba, isiqu nezitho zomzimba ezifinyelela kumkhawulo ophansi wobubanzi besimanje."
IDmanisi yidolobha kanye nendawo yokuvubukula esifundeni saseKvemo Kartli eGeorgia cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-93 eningizimu-ntshonalanga yenhlokodolobha yesizwe iTbilisi esigodini somfula iMashavera. Isiza se-hominin sineminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-1.8 edlule.
Uchungechunge lwamakhakhayi olwalunezici zomzimba ezahlukahlukene, olutholwe eDmanisi ekuqaleni kwawo-2010, lwaholela emcabangweni wokuthi izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene zohlobo lweHomo empeleni zaziwuhlu olulodwa lozalo. Nogebhezi u-5, noma olwaziwa ngokusemthethweni njenge- “D4500” yikhakhayi lesihlanu elizotholakala eDmanisi.
Kuze kube ngawo-1980, ososayensi babecabanga ukuthi o-hominin babevinjelwe ezwenikazi lase-Afrika kuwo wonke umhlaba I-Pleistocene yasekuqaleni (kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-0.8 million edlule), kuphela ukufuduka ngesikhathi sesigaba esishiwo Ngaphandle kwe-Afrika I. Ngakho-ke, iningi lomzamo wemivubukulo laligxile ngokungalingani e-Afrika.
Kodwa indawo yokuvubukula yaseDmanisi iyindawo yokuqala ye-hominin ephuma e-Afrika futhi ukuhlaziywa kwezinto zayo zakudala kukhombisile ukuthi amanye ama-hominin, ikakhulukazi IHomo erectus georgicus wayeshiye i-Afrika emuva eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1.85 edlule. Zonke izingebhezi ezinhlanu cishe zilingana ngeminyaka.
Yize, ososayensi abaningi baphakamise ukuthi i-Skull 5 ibe ukwehluka okujwayelekile kwe- Homo erectus ekugcineni, okhokho abangabantu ngokuvamile abatholakala e-Afrika kusukela esikhathini esifanayo. Ngenkathi abanye bethi kunjalo I-Australopithecus sediba eyayihlala kulokho manje okuyiNingizimu Afrika cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1.9 edlule futhi lapho kuvela khona uhlobo loHomo, kubandakanya nabantu banamuhla.
Kunamathuba amasha ahlukahlukene ashiwo ososayensi abaningi, kodwa ngokudabukisayo sisenobuso bangempela bomlando wethu.
