U-Hisashi Ouchi, uchwepheshe zelabhu oba yisisulu semisebe yenuzi esibi kunazo zonke ezweni ngesikhathi sengozi esikhungweni samandla enuzi e-Japan. Kubhekwa njengodaba olubucayi kakhulu lomphumela wenuzi emlandweni wethu wezokwelapha, lapho i-Hisashi yagcinwa iphila izinsuku ezingu-83 ngendlela ethile yokuhlola. Kusasele imibuzo eminingana mayelana nezimiso zokuziphatha eziphathelene nokwelashwa kwakhe, futhi obaluleke kakhulu uthi: “Kungani u-Hisashi Ouchi agcinwa ephila izinsuku ezingu-83 ngokumelene nentando yakhe ebuhlungwini nasekuhluphekeni okungabekezeleleki?”
Imbangela Yengozi Yesibili yeNyukliya Tokaimura
I-Second Tokaimura Nuclear Accident idlulisa inhlekelele yenuzi eyenzeka ngoSepthemba 30, 1999, ngabo-10: 35 ekuseni, okuholele ekufeni okubabazekayo kwenuzi. Ingesinye sezingozi zemisebe yenuzi ezimbi kunazo zonke emhlabeni ezenzeke esitshalweni esenza kabusha uphethiloli we-uranium. Lesi sitshalo besisebenza yiJapan Nuclear Fuel Conversion Co (JCO) esemzaneni waseTokai esifundeni iNaka, eJapan.
Abasebenzi abathathu baselebhu, u-Hisashi Ouchi, oneminyaka engama-35, uYutaka Yokokawa, oneminyaka engama-54 ubudala, noMasato Shinohara, oneminyaka engama-39 ubudala, bebesebenza ebhodini ngokushintshwa kwabo ngalolo suku. UHisashi noMasato bebendawonye belungisa inqwaba elinganisekayo ka-fuel-fuel ngokwengeza isisombululo se-uranium emathangini emvula. Ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi, ngephutha bangeze inani eliningi ngokweqile le-uranium (cishe i-16kg) kwelinye lalawo mathangi afinyelela esimweni esibucayi. Ekugcineni, ngokuzumayo konke, ukusabela okuzisekelayo kochungechunge lwenuzi kwaqala ngokukhanya okukhulu okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi kwenzeka ingozi embi.
Isiphetho sikaHisashi Ouchi
Ngeshwa, u-Hisashi Ouchi uyena oseduze kusukela ekuqhumeni owalimala kakhulu. Uthole ama-sieverts (Sv) angu-17 emisebe kuyilapho i-50 mSv (1 Sv = 1000 mSv) ibhekwa njengesilinganiso esiphezulu esivunyelwe sonyaka semisebe kanye nama-sieverts angu-8 abhekwa njengomthamo ofayo. Nakuba, i-Masato kanye ne-Yutuka baphinde bathola imithamo ebulalayo yama-sieverts angu-10 nama-sievers angu-3 ngokulandelana. Bonke baphuthunyiswe esibhedlela iMito.
UHisashi ushiswe kanzima ngo-100%, futhi iningi lezitho zakhe zangaphakathi zilimale ngokuphelele noma kancane. Okushaqisayo ukuthi isibalo segazi elimhlophe emzimbeni wakhe besicishe sifike kuziro, simchithe wonke amasosha omzimba, kanye nemisebe ebulalayo yachitha ne-DNA yakhe.
Imisebe ingene kuma-chromosomes amangqamuzana akhe. AmaChromosomes amapulani omzimba womuntu aqukethe lonke ulwazi lofuzo. I-chromosomes ngayinye inenombolo futhi ingahlelwa ngokulandelana.
Kodwa-ke, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuhlela ama-chromosomes akhanyisiwe kaHisashi. Zazihlukanisiwe futhi ezinye zazo zazinamathelene. Ukubhujiswa kwama-chromosomes kwakusho ukuthi amangqamuzana amasha ngeke akhiqizwe ngemuva kwalokho.
Ukulimala kwemisebe nakho kwavela ebusweni bomzimba kaHisashi. Ekuqaleni, odokotela babesebenzisa amateyipu okuhlinzwa njengokujwayelekile emzimbeni wakhe. Kodwa-ke, kwaqhubeka njalo ukuthi isikhumba sakhe sidatshulwe kanye neteyipu esusiwe. Ekugcineni, abakwazanga ukusebenzisa ithephu yokuhlinzwa.
Amangqamuzana esikhumba aphilile ahlukana ngokushesha futhi amangqamuzana amasha afaka amanye amadala. Kodwa-ke, esikhunjeni esikhanyiswe uHisashi, kwakungasakhiqizi amangqamuzana amasha. Isikhumba sakhe esidala besiyokuwa. Kwakungubuhlungu obukhulu esikhunjeni sakhe nempi yokulwa nokutheleleka.
Ngokwengeziwe, wayesekhiqize ukugcinwa koketshezi emaphashini akhe futhi waqala ukuthola ubunzima ekuphefumuleni.
Yini eyenziwa yimisebe yenuzi emzimbeni womuntu?
Ngokusho the I-National Institute of Health (I-National Library of Medicine):
Ngaphakathi kwe-nucleus yengqamuzana ngalinye lomzimba wethu, kunemizimba engabonakali ebizwa ngokuthi ama-chromosome anesibopho sokusebenza nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwengqamuzana ngalinye emzimbeni wethu. Ama-chromosome enziwe ngama-molecule amabili amakhulu noma imicu ye-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Imisebe yenuzi ithinta ama-athomu emizimbeni yethu ngokukhipha ama-electron. Lokhu kwephula amabhondi e-athomu ku-DNA, kuyawalimaza. Uma i-DNA eku-chromosome yonakele, imiyalelo elawula ukusebenza kweseli nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwayo konakaliswa futhi amaseli awakwazi ukuphindaphinda ukuze afe. Lawo asengakwazi ukuphindaphinda, adale amaseli aguquliwe noma alimele adalayo umdlavuza.
Okuningi esikwaziyo ngezingozi zomdlavuza ezivela emisebeni kusekelwe ocwaningweni lwabasindile emabhomu e-athomu eNagasaki naseHiroshima. Ucwaningo luthole ukwanda kwengozi yala mdlavuza olandelayo (kusuka phezulu kuye engcupheni ephansi):
- Izinhlobo eziningi ze-leukemia (nakuba kungeyona i-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli)
- I-myeloma eminingi
- Umdlavuza we-Thyroid
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza we-Lung
- Umdlavuza we-Ovarian
- Umdlavuza we-Colon (kodwa hhayi umdlavuza we-rectal)
- Umdlavuza we-Esophageal
- Umdlavuza wesisu
- Umdlavuza wesibindi
- Lymphoma
- Umdlavuza wesikhumba (ngaphandle kwe-melanoma)
Ukuchayeka emisebeni ephezulu kwakuxhunyaniswa nengcuphe ephezulu yomdlavuza, kodwa ngisho namanani aphansi emisebe ayexhunyaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola nokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza. Kwakungekho okunqunyiwe okucacile kokuchayeka emisebeni okuphephile.
Umphumela wenhlekelele yenuzi yaseTokaimura
Cishe abantu abayi-161 abavela emindenini engama-39 ebangeni elingamamitha angama-350 ukusuka esakhiweni sokuguqula basuswa ngokushesha. Izakhamizi ezingamakhilomitha ayi-10 zicelwe ukuba zihlale ezindlini njengezinyathelo zokuzivikela.
Kodwa-ke, ukusabela kochungechunge lwenuzi kwaqala kabusha njengoba isixazululo saphola futhi i-voids yanyamalala. Ngakusasa ekuseni, abasebenzi bamise unomphela ukusabela ngokukhipha amanzi ebhantshi lokupholisa elizungeze ithangi lemvula. Amanzi ayesebenza njenge-reflector ye-neutron. Isixazululo se-boric acid (i-boron ekhethelwe izakhiwo zayo zokumunca i-neutron) sabe sesingezwa ethangini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okuqukethwe kuhlala kungaconsi phansi.
Izakhamizi zavunyelwa ukugoduka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili ziphethe izikhwama zesanti nokunye ukuvikela emisebeni ye-gamma eyasala, nayo yonke eminye imikhawulo yasuswa ngokuqapha.
Umzamo wokugcina wamathimba wezokwelapha athuthukile ukugcina u-Hisashi Ouchi ephila
Ukutheleleka kwangaphakathi nobuso bomzimba obucishe bube bungekho esikhunjeni bekufaka ubuthi ngokushesha kuHisashi ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngasikhathi sinye.
Naphezu kokufakelwa isikhumba izikhathi eziningana, u-Hisashi waqhubeka elahlekelwa uketshezi lomzimba ngezimbotshana zokusha kwakhe okwabangela umfutho wegazi wakhe ukuba ungagxili. Kwake kwaphuma igazi uHisashi emehlweni umkakhe wathi kubukeka sengathi wayekhala igazi!
Ngenkathi isimo sikaHisashi siba sibi, iNational Institute of Radiological Sciences eChiba, eChiba Prefecture, yamdlulisela esibhedlela i-University of Tokyo, lapho kubikwa ukuthi wathola khona ukumpontshelwa kokuqala komhlaba kwamangqamuzana asepheripheral stem ukuze amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi akwazi ukuqala ukukhiqiza futhi emzimbeni wakhe.
Ukufakelwa kabusha kwe-cell stem yegazi (I-PBSCT), ebizwa nangokuthi "i-Peripheral stem cell support", iyindlela yokushintsha amaseli we-stem akha igazi abhujiswe yimisebe, isibonelo, ngokwelashwa komdlavuza. Isiguli sithola ama-stem cells ngokusebenzisa ipayipi elibekwe esitsheni segazi ngokuvamile esitholakala esifubeni.
Uhulumeni waseJapan ubeke phambili icala elibucayi lika-Hisashi Ouchi, ngenxa yalokho, iqembu lochwepheshe bezokwelapha abaphezulu laqoqwa livela eJapane nakwamanye amazwe ukuze belaphe isimo esibi semisebe esithintekile u-Hisashi Ouchi. Kulokhu, abezokwelapha bamgcina ephila ngokumpompa igazi eliningi noketshezi nsuku zonke futhi bemelapha ngezidakamizwa ezivela kwamanye amazwe ngokukhethekile.
Kubikwa ukuthi ngesikhathi eselashwa, uHisashi wacela kaningi ukumkhulula ebuhlungwini obungabekezeleleki futhi wake washo nokusho. “wayengasafuni ukuba yingulube!”
Kepha kubhekwe njengendaba yesithunzi sikazwelonke ebeka ithimba lezokwelapha elikhethekile ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kwentando kaHisashi yokufa, odokotela babenze konke okusemandleni abo ukumgcina ephila izinsuku ezingama-83. Ngosuku lwama-59 lokwelashwa kwakhe, inhliziyo yakhe yama kathathu kungakapheli nemizuzu engama-49, okwadala umonakalo omkhulu ebuchosheni nasezinsweni zakhe. Odokotela babethathe u-Hisashi ekusekelweni okuphelele kwempilo waze wagcina eshonile ngoDisemba 21, 1999, ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezitho eziningi.
U-Hisashi Ouchi uthathwa njengesisulu semisebe yenuzi esibi kunazo zonke esithintekile emlandweni wethu wezokwelapha, owachitha izinsuku zokugcina ezingama-83 zokuphila kwakhe ngesimo esingalapheki seziguli.
Ngabe uYutaka Yokokawa noMasato Shinohara nabo bafa?
Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokwelashwa kokuhlolwa kuka-Hisashi Ouchi, uMasato Shinohara no-Yutaka Yokokawa nabo babesesibhedlela, belwa nokufa kwabo. Kamuva, uMasato wabonakala eba ngcono futhi waze wathathwa ngesihlalo sakhe esinamasondo ukuze avakashele izingadi zesibhedlela ngoSuku LukaNcibijane ngo-2000. Nokho, kamuva wangenwa inyumoniya futhi amaphaphu akhe alinyazwa imisebe ayithola. Ngenxa yalokhu, uMasato wayengakwazi ukukhuluma ngalezo zinsuku, ngakho kwadingeka abhalele abahlengikazi nomndeni wakhe imiyalezo. Abanye babo bazwakalise amazwi abuhlungu njengathi “Mama, ngicela!”, Njll
Ekugcineni, ngo-April 27, 2000, uMasato naye wayesewushiyile lo mhlaba ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezitho eziningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenhlanhla uYutaka walulama ngemva kokuhlala esibhedlela izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha futhi wadedelwa ukuze alulame ekhaya.
Kukhona incwadi enesihloko “Ukufa Kancane: Izinsuku ezingama-83 Zokugula Kwemisebe” kulesi sehlakalo esibuhlungu, lapho 'u-Hisashi Ouchi' abizwe khona ngokuthi 'Hiroshi Ouchi.' Kodwa-ke, le ncwadi ibhala lezi zinsuku ezilandelayo ezingama-83 zokwelashwa kuze kube uyadlula, enezincazelo eziningiliziwe nezincazelo zobuthi bemisebe.
Uphenyo nombiko wokugcina we-Second Tokaimura Nengozi Yenyukliya
Ngemuva kokwenza uphenyo olunzulu, i-International Atomic Energy Agency ithole ukuthi imbangela yengozi "yiphutha lomuntu kanye nokwephula okukhulu imigomo yokuphepha." Ngokusho kwemibiko yabo, le ngozi idalwe ngesikhathi laba basebenzi abathathu besebenzisa i-uranium eningi kakhulu ukwenza uphethiloli futhi baqala ukusabela ngendlela engalawuleki ye-athomu.
Ngenxa yenhlekelele yenuzi, inani labantu abangama-667, kufaka phakathi izakhamuzi eziseduze nabasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo bavezwa yimisebe.
Olunye uphenyo luveze ukuthi abasebenzi bale femu, ephethwe yiJCO Co, bebehlala bephula izinqubo zokuphepha, kufaka phakathi ukuxuba i-uranium ngamabhakede ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi ngokushesha.
Abasebenzi abayisithupha, okubalwa kubo umphathi wezitshalo nowasinda ezingozini uYutaka Yokokawa, bawavumile amacala obudedengu obuholele ekufeni. UMengameli weJCO naye ulivumile icala wenzela inkampani.
Ngo-Mashi 2000, uhulumeni waseJapan wayiphuca ilayisense ye-JCO. Kwakungumqhubi wokuqala wezitshalo zenuzi ukubhekana nesijeziso ngaphansi komthetho waseJapan olawula uphethiloli wenuzi, izinto zokwakha kanye neziphenduli. Bavumelana ngokukhokha isinxephezelo esingu- $ 121 million ukukhokhela izimangalo eziyizi-6,875 kubantu ababhekene nemisebe futhi bathinta amabhizinisi ezolimo nezinsizakalo.
UNdunankulu waseJapan wangaleso sikhathi uYoshiro Mori uzwakalise ukudabuka kwakhe futhi waqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni uzosebenza kanzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingozi efanayo ayiphinde yenzeke.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngo-2011, iThe Inhlekelele yenuzi yaseFukushima Daiichi kwenzeka eJapan, okwakuyingozi yenuzi embi kunazo zonke emhlabeni kusukela ngo 26 Ephreli 1986 Inhlekelele yaseChernobyl. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokwehluleka kobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi kuzamazama umhlaba iTōhoku kanye ne-tsunami ngoLwesihlanu, ngomhlaka 11 Mashi 2011.
Ingozi Yenyukliya Yokuqala
Eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kwalesi sigameko esibuhlungu, ngoMashi 11, 1997, Ingozi Yenuzi Yokuqala yaseTokaimura yenzeka endaweni yokucutshungulwa kabusha kwe-nuclear ye-Dōnen (I-Power Reactor kanye ne-Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation). Kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge-Dōnen Accident.
Okungenani abasebenzi abangu-37 badalulwe emazingeni aphezulu emisebe ngesikhathi kwenzeka lesi sigameko. Isonto ngemuva komcimbi, abaphathi besimo sezulu bathole amazinga aphezulu ngokungavamile e-cesium amakhilomitha angama-40 eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesitshalo.
I-Cesium (i-Cs) iyinsimbi ye-alikhali eyinsimbi ethambile, esasiliva enephuzu lokuncibilika elingu-28.5 ° C (83.3 ° F). Ikhishwa kudoti okhiqizwe ngama-reactor enuzi.
Ngemuva kokufunda ngecala elixakile lika-Hisashi Ouchi kanye nezisulu ezibulalayo zemisebe ye-Second Tokaimura Nuclear Accident, funda mayelana "Isiphetho sikaDavid Kirwan: Ukufa ngokubilisa esiphethwini esishisayo!!"
