Imvelaphi yama-mummies ase-Aryan yamandulo kunye neephiramidi ezingaqondakaliyo zaseTshayina

Abembi bezinto zakudala abasebenzisa uvavanyo lwemfuza baye bangqina ukuba abantu baseCaucasus bazulazula kwiTarim Basin yaseTshayina amawaka eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba abantu baseMpuma Asia bafike.

UHitler wayekholelwa ukuba abantu abanobude obuziimitha ezi-6 ii-intshi ezi-6 okanye ngaphezulu babengabazala abasondeleyo bofuzo bezizwe zokuqala ze-proto-Aryan ezavela kumbindi we-Asiya kwaye abantu baseCaucasia kunye nempucuko bafanele ukuba baphuma kwezi zizwe.

UAdolf Hitler ewangawangisa izihlwele ekwinqwelo-mafutha yakhe emantloko kumngcelele. Izitrato zihonjiswe ngeebhanile ezahlukeneyo zeswastika. Ca. 1934-38. UHitler wayenesizathu esifanelekileyo kodwa esinganyanisekanga sokukhetha isimboli yeswastika njengophawu lwabo. Yayisetyenziswa ngoonothwal’ impahlana base-Aryan baseIndiya kwiwaka lesibini leminyaka. Kwithiyori yamaNazi, ama-Aryan ayengookhokho baseJamani, kwaye uHitler wagqiba kwelokuba i-swastika yayiyi-anti-semitic ngonaphakade.
UAdolf Hitler ewangawangisa izihlwele ekwinqwelo-mafutha yakhe emantloko kumngcelele. Izitrato zihonjiswe ngeebhanile ezahlukeneyo zeswastika. Ca. 1934-38. UHitler wayenesizathu esifanelekileyo kodwa esinganyanisekanga sokukhetha isimboli yeswastika njengophawu lwabo. Yayisetyenziswa ngoonothwal’ impahlana base-Aryan baseIndiya kwiwaka lesibini leminyaka. Kwithiyori yamaNazi, ama-Aryan ayengookhokho baseJamani, kwaye uHitler wagqiba kwelokuba i-swastika yayiyi-anti-semitic ngonaphakade. © Shutterstock

UkuFunyaniswa kwamakhulu ezidumbu ezizidumbu zamandulo e-Asia kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba kuphinde kuphononongwe uncwadi lwakudala lwaseTshayina. Ezi ncwadi zibonisa abantu baseTshayina bamandulo njengokuphakama okukhulu, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iimpumlo ezinde, iindevu ezinkulu, kunye neenwele ezibomvu okanye ezibomvu.

Ukufunyaniswa kwengxilimbela ye-4,000 yeminyaka ubudala "Ubuhle bukaLoulan" kunye (iinyawo ezintandathu, ii-intshi ezintandathu) "iChachan Man" zixhasa iintsomi malunga nala ma-Aryan amandulo asentsomini.

Imvelaphi yezidumbu zamandulo zase-Aryan kunye neephiramidi ezingaqondakaliyo zaseTshayina 1
Umama waziwa ngokuba nguBuhle kaLoulan, ungomnye woomama beTarim. Izidumbu zezidumbu zeTarim ziluthotho lwezidumbu ezafunyanwa kwiTarim Basin kwiXinjiang yanamhlanje, eTshayina, eyaqala ngo-1800 BC ukuya kwiinkulungwane zokuqala ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo, kunye neqela elitsha labantu abasandul' ukuvela phakathi c. 2100 kunye 1700 BC. Izidumbu zoomama, ngakumbi ezakuqala, zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nobukho beelwimi zaseIndo-European Tocharian kwiTarim Basin. © Wikimedia Commons
Imvelaphi yezidumbu zamandulo zase-Aryan kunye neephiramidi ezingaqondakaliyo zaseTshayina 2
I-Cherchen Man okanye i-Ur-David ligama langoku elinikwe umama ofunyenwe kwidolophu yaseCherchen, ekummandla wangoku we-Xinjiang e-China. Umama ukwalilungu leTarim mummies.

Emva kweminyaka yeengxabano kunye nobuqhetseba bezopolitiko, abembi bezinto zakudala basebenzisa uvavanyo lweDNA ukubonisa ukuba abantu baseCaucasus babehlala kwiTarim Basin yaseTshayina amawaka eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba kufike abantu baseMpuma Asia, bephela iminyaka yeengxoxo kunye nobuqhophololo bezopolitiko.

Uphononongo, oluthi urhulumente wase-China ulibazise ukwenziwa esidlangalaleni ngenxa yoloyiko malunga nokufuya IsiUighur Ukwahlukaniswa kwamaSilamsi kwiphondo laseXinjiang elisentshona, kusekwe kwingqokelela yemizimba yakudala eyomileyo efunyenwe kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje kufutshane neTarim Basin.

Ngoku ka UVictor H. Mair, ingcali kwizidumbu zamandulo kunye nombhali-mbhali we "Tarim Mummies", oku kulishwa ukuba lo mbandela uye waba nezopolitiko ngenxa yokuba udale ubunzima obuninzi. Ukholelwa ukuba kungangcono ukuba wonke umntu ajonge oku ngokwembono yenzululwazi nembali.

I-4,000-ubudala obungaphazamisekiyo "Ubuhle bukaLoulan" kunye nomzimba omncinci we-3,000 we-"Charchan Man" efunyenwe kwi-1980s iyingqungquthela kwimijikelezo ye-archaeological yamazwe ngamazwe kwimeko ephawulekayo yokugcinwa kunye nobuninzi bolwazi ababonelela ngalo. kuphando lwangoku.

Izinto ezifunyenweyo ecaleni kwendlela yeSilika yamandulo zafaniswa nokufunyanwa kwezidumbu zoozidumbu zaseYiputa kwizangqa zezembali nezenzululwazi. Nangona kunjalo, i-China ixhala malunga negunya layo kwi-Xinjiang ephazamisayo ithathwa ngokubanzi njengokuthintela uphando olukhulu kunye nokubhengezwa ngokubanzi kweziphumo kuluntu.

I-"Xiaohe Mummy", eboniswe kwiMyuziyam yaseXinjiang, yenye yezona zidumbu zakudala zeTarim, ezineminyaka engaphezu kwama-3800 eyadlulayo.
I-“Xiaohe Mummy”, eboniswe kwiMyuziyam yaseXinjiang, yenye yezona zidumbu zindala zeTarim, ezineminyaka engaphezu kwama-3800 eyadlulayo. © Wikimedia Commons

Izidumbu zamandulo, ezazinqanda ukubola kwendalo ngenxa yemozulu eyomileyo yeTarim Basin kunye nomhlaba wealkali, azizange zibonelele nje izazinzulu ngengqiqo kwibhayoloji yazo yenyama, kodwa iimpahla zabo, izixhobo, kunye nezithethe zokungcwaba ziye zabonelela ababhali-mbali ukuba babone ubomi ebomini. Ubudala beBronzi.

Abaphandi abaphumeleleyo ukuzisa iziphumo kubaphandi baseNtshona kwiminyaka ye-1990 basebenze kakhulu ukufumana isigunyaziso saseTshayina sokudlulisa iisampuli ngaphandle kwe-China kuvavanyo olupheleleyo lwe-DNA.

Olunye uthumo lwamva nje luphumelele ekuqokeleleni iisampulu ezingama-52 ngoncedo lwabaphandi baseTshayina, kodwa ababuki zindwendwe bakaMair emva koko batshintsha iingqondo zabo kwaye bavumela abahlanu kubo ukuba balishiye ilizwe.

"Ndichithe iinyanga ezintandathu eSweden kulo nyaka uphelileyo ndingenzi nto ngaphandle kophando lwemfuza," UMair uthe ngo-2010, esuka kwikhaya lakhe e-US apho asafundisa khona isiTshayina kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania.

“Uphando lwam lubonise ukuba kwinkulungwane yesibini yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo, abona omama bakudala, njengobuhle beLoulan, yayingabokuqala abahlali kwiTarim Basin. Ngokusuka kubungqina obukhoyo, siye safumanisa ukuba ebudeni beminyaka yokuqala eli-1,000 XNUMX emva koBubuhle baseLoulan, ekuphela kwabantu ababehlala kwiTarim Basin yayiyiCaucasoid.”

"Abantu baseMpuma Asia baqala ukubonakala kwimimandla esempuma yeTarim Basin malunga neminyaka engama-3,000 eyadlulayo," utshilo uMair, "ngelixa abantu baseUighur bafika emva kokuwa koBukumkani base-Orkhon Uighur, ubukhulu becala obuzinze kwiMongolia yanamhlanje, kufutshane nelizwe. Unyaka wama-842. Wongezelela ukuba, "I-DNA yanamhlanje kunye ne-DNA yamandulo ibonisa ukuba i-Uighurs, i-Kazaks, i-Krygyzs, kunye nabantu base-Asia Ephakathi bonke baxutywe eCaucasian naseMpuma ye-Asia. IDNA yale mihla neyamandulo ibalisa ibali elifanayo.”

Imonki yaseCaucasian Central Asia, mhlawumbi i-Indo-European Sogdian okanye iTocharian, ifundisa imonki yase-East Asia, mhlawumbi iTurkic Uyghur okanye isiTshayina, kwi-9th yenkulungwane ye-AD fresco ukusuka kwi-Bezeklik iwaka likaBuddha Caves kufuphi neTurfan, Xinjiang, China.
Imonki enamehlo aluhlaza eCaucasian Central Asia, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yi-Indo-European Sogdian okanye iTocharian, efundisa imonki yaseMpuma Asia, mhlawumbi iTurkic Uyghur okanye isiTshayina, kwi-9th yenkulungwane ye-AD fresco ukusuka kwiBezeklik iwaka lamaBuddha emiqolombeni kufutshane neTurfan, Xinjiang, China. . © Wikimedia Commons

Kwathatha iminyaka embalwa ukuba iChina ivumele uphando lwemfuza; kunye nophononongo luka-2004 oluqhutywe yiYunivesithi yaseJilin lufumanisa ukuba i-DNA ye-mummies yayiquka i-Europoid genes, ebonisa ukuba abahlali bokuqala beNtshona yeChina babengengabo baseMpuma Asia.

Kamva, kwi-2007 kunye ne-2009, izazinzulu ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseJilin yaseChina kunye neYunivesithi yaseFudan zombini zavavanya i-DNA yaseLoulan Beauty. Bafumanisa ukuba wayeyinxalenye yaseYurophu, kodwa abantu bakowabo kusenokwenzeka ukuba bahlala eSiberia ngaphambi kokuba bafudukele eXinjiang. Kodwa bonke bafumanisa ukuba uLoulan Beauty wayengengowase-Uighur, nto leyo eyayithetha ukuba sasimbalwa isizathu sokuba abantu baxambulisane ngaye.