NgoNovemba 2013, izazinzulu zafumana enye yeyona DNA yomntu endala emhlabeni, equlethe ubungqina beentlobo ezingaziwayo, ukusuka kwithambo lethanga le-400,000 leminyaka ubudala. I-DNA evela kwaba khokho babantu abangamakhulu amawaka eminyaka ubudala ibonisa ipateni entsonkothileyo yendaleko kwimvelaphi yeNeanderthals kunye nabantu banamhlanje. Ithambo lelomntu, kodwa liqulethe 'I-DNA YAMANDLA'. Olu phando lumangalisayo lwenze izazinzulu zithandabuza yonke into eziyaziyo ngendaleko yabantu.
Izinto zofuzo ze-400,000 zeminyaka ubudala zivela kumathambo adityaniswe ne-Neanderthals eSpain - kodwa isayinwe yayo ifana kakhulu neyabantu bamandulo abahlukeneyo baseSiberia, ababizwa ngokuba yiDenisovans.
Ngaphezulu kwe-6,000 yeefosili zabantu, ezimele abantu abamalunga nama-28, zafunyanwa kwindawo yaseSima de los Huesos, igumbi lomqolomba ekunzima ukulifumana elimalunga neemitha ezingama-100 ngaphantsi komhlaba kumantla eSpeyin. Iifosili zabonakala zigcinwe kakuhle ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yobushushu obungaguqukiyo bomqolomba obupholileyo kunye nokufuma okuphezulu.
Abaphandi abenze uhlalutyo bathi iziphumo zabo zibonisa "ikhonkco elingalindelekanga" phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini zomzala wethu ongasekhoyo. Oku kufunyaniswayo kunokuyiqhekeza imfihlakalo - kungekuphela nje kubantu bokuqala ababehlala kwisakhiwo somqolomba esibizwa ngokuba yiSima de los Huesos (iSpanish esithetha "umngxuma wamathambo"), kodwa nakwabanye abantu abangaqondakaliyo kule ndawo. Ixesha lePleistocene.
Uhlalutyo lwangaphambili lwamathambo avela emqolombeni luye lwakhokelela abaphandi ukuba bacinge ukuba abantu baseSima de los Huesos babesondelelene kakhulu neNeanderthals ngesiseko seempawu zabo zamathambo. Kodwa i-DNA ye-mitochondrial yayifana kakhulu naleyo ye-Denisovans, inani labantu bokuqala ekwakucingelwa ukuba lahlukana ne-Neanderthals kwiminyaka engama-640,000 eyadlulayo.
Izazinzulu zihlabela mgama zafumanisa ukuba i-1 pesenti ye-Denisovan genome yavela kwesinye isalamane esingaqondakaliyo esibizwa ngokuba "ngumntu wakudala" ngabaphengululi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba, abanye abantu bale mihla banokubamba malunga ne-15 ekhulwini le mimandla yemfuza “yamandulo”. Ngoko ke, olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba abantu baseSima de los Huesos babehlobene ngokusondeleyo ne-Neanderthals, iDenisovans kunye nenani elingaziwayo labantu bokuqala. Ngoko, inokuba ngubani lo khokho ungaziwayo?
Omnye umntu onokuthi akhuphisane Homo erectus, umntu ongasekhoyo owayephila eAfrika malunga neminyaka esi-1 yesigidi eyadlulayo. Ingxaki kukuba, asizange siyifumane H erectus DNA, ngoko ke eyona nto sinokuyenza kukuqikelela okwangoku.
Kwelinye icala, ezinye iingcali zethiyori ziye zavelisa iingcinga ezibangela umdla ngokwenene. Babanga ukuba oko kubizwa ngokuba ziipesenti ezingama-97 zolandelelwano olungakhowudiyo kwiDNA yomntu akukho nto ingaphantsi kofuzo. isicwangciso sobomi bangaphandle komhlaba iifom.
Ngokutsho kwabo, kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-DNA yomntu yayiyilwe ngenjongo luhlobo oluthile lohlanga lwangaphandle komhlaba; kunye nokhokho ongaziwayo "we-super-archaic" wabantu baseSima de los Huesos unokuba bubungqina bale ndaleko eyenziweyo.
Unxibelelwano lwangaphandle komhlaba okanye uhlobo olungaziwayo lwabantu, nokuba luyintoni na, iziphumo ziyenza nzima ngakumbi imbali yendaleko yomntu wale mihla-kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho abantu abaninzi ababandakanyekayo. Ziyimfihlakalo, ziyimfihlelo kwaye zikhona (ngaphakathi kwethu) kwizigidi zeminyaka.
