Kwi-2017, iqela labavubukuli kunye nabaphandi wafumana isixeko esele salibaleka kwimpuma ye-Ethiopia kummandla weHarlaa. Yaziwa ngokuba 'sisiXeko seZigebenga' samandulo, esakhiwa malunga nenkulungwane ye-10 BC. Ukufumanisa kwenziwa liqela lamazwe ngamazwe labembi bezinto zakudala, kubandakanywa abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yase-Exeter kunye noPhando lweLifa leMveli yeNkcubeko yaseTopiya kunye neGunya loLondolozo.
Izixeko ezinkulu ezakhiwe zaza zahlala izigebenga zingumxholo wamabali aliqela kunye nentsomi. Izithethe zemibutho eliqela eyahlulwa ngamalwandle amakhulu zonke zayibonisa loo nto kwakukho iingxilimbela ezazihlala eMhlabeni, kunye nezakhiwo ezininzi ze-megalithic ezivela kumaxesha ahlukeneyo embali nazo zibonisa ubukho bazo.
Ngokutsho kwentsomi yaseMesoamerican, iQuinametzin yayilugqatso lwezigebenga ezazinikwe umsebenzi wokwakha. Isixeko sasentsomini saseTeotihuacán, eyakhiwa ngoothixo belanga. Ukwahluka kulo mxholo kunokufumaneka kwihlabathi liphela: izixeko ezikhulu, amatye ezikhumbuzo, kunye nezakhiwo ezikhulu ekwakungenakwenzeka ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo bazakhe ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwazo, ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yenzululwazi.
Kulo mmandla wase-Ethiopia, kwenzeka kanye loo nto. Ngokwabahlali bangoku, izakhiwo ezikhulu ezakhiwe ngeebhloko ezinkulu zijikeleze isiza saseHarlaa, nto leyo eyabangela inkolelo edumileyo yokuba yayikhe yalikhaya “leSixeko Sezigebenga.” Abahlali baye bafumanisa iingqekembe ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kunye neekeramics zakudala, ekuhambeni kweminyaka, bathi. Kwafunyanwa namatye amakhulu okwakha awayengenakushukunyiswa ngabantu ngaphandle koncedo lomatshini bale mihla.
Inyaniso yokuba ezi zakhiwo zakhiwe ngabantu abaqhelekileyo kwakucingelwa ukuba akunakwenzeka ixesha elide ngenxa yezi zinto. Kufunyenwe izinto ezininzi eziphawulekayo ngenxa yokugrunjwa kwedolophu yakudala.
Isixeko esilahlekileyo eHarlaa
Iingcali zothuka xa zafumanisa izinto zakudala ezivela kwimimandla ekude ngendlela emangalisayo. Izinto ezivela eYiputa, Indiya, kunye neTshayina zifunyenwe ziingcali, zibonisa amandla orhwebo alo mmandla.
I-mosque esuka kwinkulungwane ye-12, efana naleyo yafunyanwa eTanzania, kunye nommandla ozimeleyo waseSomaliland, ummandla ongekamkelwa ngokusemthethweni njengelizwe, nayo yafunyanwa ngabaphandi. Ukufunyanwa, ngokutsho kwabembi bezinto zakudala, kubonisa ukuba bekukho unxibelelwano lwembali phakathi koluntu olwahlukileyo lwamaSilamsi eAfrika ngalo lonke elo xesha, kwaye
Ingcali ye-Archeologist UTimoti Insoll, unjingalwazi weYunivesithi yase-Exeter, owayekhokela olu phando wathi: “Oku kufunyenweyo kuyitshintsha indlela esiluqonda ngayo urhwebo ngendawo yase-Ethiopia ebingahoywanga ngokwembiwa kwezinto zakudala. Into esiyifumeneyo ibonisa ukuba le ndawo yayisisazulu sorhwebo kulo mmandla. Isixeko sasisisityebi, iziko elixubileyo lokwenza ubucwebe kwaye iziqwenga zaye zathathwa ukuze zithengiswe kulo mmandla nangaphaya. Abemi baseHarlaa babeyingxubevange yabemi bamanye amazwe nabantu basekuhlaleni ababerhweba nabanye kuLwandle Olubomvu, kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya mhlawumbi nakwiindawo ezikude njengeArabia Gulf.”
Umzi wezigebenga?
Abahlali bommandla weHarlaa bakholelwa ukuba yayinokwakhiwa kuphela zizigebenga, ngokweenkolelo zabo. Ukuqiqa kwabo kukuba ubukhulu beebhloko zamatye ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha ezi zakhiwo zinokuthwalwa kuphela zizigebenga ezinkulu. Kwaye kwacaca ukuba aba yayingengobantu nje abaqhelekileyo ngenxa yobukhulu bezakhiwo, ngokunjalo.
Ukulandela uhlalutyo lwezidumbu ezingaphezulu kwamakhulu amathathu ezafunyanwa kumangcwaba asekuhlaleni, abembi bezinto zakudala bafumanise ukuba abemi balapho babephakathi, kungoko babengajongwa njengezigebenga. Abantu abadala abancinci kunye nabakwishumi elivisayo bangcwatywa kumangcwaba afunyenwe, ngokutsho kuka-Insoll, ojongene nokujongana nabembi bezinto zakudala abasebenza ngokumba. Ngexesha lexesha, zonke zazinobude obuqhelekileyo.
Ngelixa bevuma iinkcukacha ezibonelelwe ziingcaphephe, abantu bomthonyama bagcina ukuba abaqinisekanga ngeziphumo zabo kwaye bagcina ukuba ziingxilimbela kuphela ezikwazileyo ukwakha ezi zakhiwo zibalulekileyo. Ayisosihlandlo sokuqala ukuba inzululwazi yale mihla iyigatye intsomi ebikho kangangamakhulu eminyaka njengentsomi nje.
Yintoni malunga nabemi ebenza baqiniseke ukuba izigebenga zazinoxanduva lokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zaseHarlaa? Ebudeni bale minyaka, ngaba baye baphawula okuthile? Ayifani nokuba banokuba nasiphi na isizathu sokuyila okanye ukuxoka ngayo nantoni na elolo hlobo.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba amangcwaba anika bungqina bokuba kukho izigebenga, oku akuthethi ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba izigebenga zibandakanyeke ekwakhiweni kwesi siza. Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ezi zidalwa azingcwatywanga kwindawo enye kuba zijongwa njengezinto ezinkulu nezinamandla. Abanye abavumelani noko.
