Ngaphambi kokuba uNapoleon Bonaparte abeke isithsaba sokuba ngumlawuli wase-France ngo-1804, wahamba nenani lezazi kunye noososayensi abaziwa ngokuba 'ngabasazi' baseFrance, ukongeza kwimikhosi nakumajoni. Kwakungunyaka we-1798, xa aba bagcini baseFrance bakhokelwa nguNapoleon baqala iphulo lomkhosi e-Egypt. Kwelinye icala, ukubandakanyeka kwaba bagcini be-165 kwiimfazwe kunye nezicwangciso zomkhosi waseFrance zanda ngokuthe chu. Ngenxa yoko, yavuselela umdla waseYurophu kwi-Egypt yakudala-into eyaziwa njenge-Egyptomania.
Ubuncwane base-Egypt obunjengemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yamandulo, ipapiri, kunye nezidumbu ekugqibeleni zathunyelwa zisuka kwiNayile Valley zaya kwiimyuziyam ezingqonge iYurophu. ILiber Linteus (ethetha “iNcwadi yeLinen” ngesiLatin) umama kunye nemisongelo yelinen eyaziwayo ngokugqibeleleyo ekugqibeleni bangena kwiMyuziyam ye-Archaeological eZagreb, eCroatia.
Ngo-1848, uMihajlo Bari, igosa laseCroatia kwiRoyal Chancellery yaseHungary, warhoxa kwisikhundla sakhe kwaye wakhetha ukuhamba. Ngelixa e-Aleksandriya, i-Egypt, u-Bari wagqiba kwelokuba afumane i-memento, i-sarcophagus equkethe i-mummy yabasetyhini. Xa uBari wabuyela endlwini yakhe eVienna, wabeka umama kwindawo ethe tye kwikona yegumbi lakhe lokuhlala. UBari uthathe ilinen yakhe yelinen yokugubungela kwaye wayibonisa kwikhabhathi eyahlukileyo yeglasi.
UBari wasweleka ngo-1859, kwaye umntakwabo u-Ilija, umfundisi waseSlavonia, wamkela umama. UIlija, owayengenamdla ungako kwizidumbu, wanikela ngomama kunye nelinen yakhe esongelwa kwiZiko likaRhulumente laseCroatia, eSlavonia naseDalmatia (namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba yiArchaeological Museum yaseZagreb) ngo-1867.
Akukho mntu wayeyibonile imibhalo ebhaliweyo kwimisongo yomama kude kube lelo xesha. Imibhalo yafunyanwa kuphela emva kokuba umama efundwe nguGqirha wase-Egypt uHeinrich Brugsch (ngo-1867). U-Brugsch, ecinga ukuba zii-hieroglyphs zase-Egypt, akazange awulandele lo mbandela.
UBrugsch wayenencoko emnandi kunye nomhlobo, umlingisi waseBritane uRichard Burton, kwiminyaka elishumi kamva. Baxoxa ngee-runes, ezakhokelela uBrugsch ukuba aqonde ukuba imisonto esongelwe kumama yayingezizo ii-hieroglyphs zase-Egypt, kodwa yayiyenye yesicatshulwa.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba omabini lamadoda akuqondile ukubaluleka kwale mibhalo, acinge ngokungeyonyani ukuba yayiguqulelwe Incwadi yase-Egypt yabaFileyo NgesiArabhu. Kamva kwafunyaniswa ukuba imibhalo yayibhalwe ngesi-Etruscan - ulwimi lwempucuko yase-Etruria, e-Italiya, kwingingqi yakudala yase-Etruria (iTuscany yanamhlanje kunye ne-Umbria yasentshona kunye ne-Emilia-Romagna, iVeneto, iLombardy kunye neCampania).
Ngenxa yokuba luncinci ulwimi lwakudala oluseleyo, ulwimi lwase-Etruria alukaqondwa ngokupheleleyo namhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, amanye amabinzana anokusetyenziselwa ukunika umxholo wesifundo seLiber Linteus. I-Liber Linteus ithathwa njengekhalenda yenkolo ngokusekwe kwimihla kunye namagama oothixo aqulathwe kuyo yonke le ncwadi.
Umbuzo ngulo, yayiyintoni kanye kanye incwadi ye-Etruscan eyayisenza kumama wase-Egypt? Enye ithi abafileyo yayinguEtruria osisityebi obalekele eYiphutha, nokuba ngenkulungwane yesithathu ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo (i-Liber Linteus ibhalwe eli xesha) okanye kamva, njengoko amaRoma athabatha umhlaba wase-Etruscan.
Ngaphambi kokuba angcwatywe, intombazana leyo yaqholwa, njengoko kwakuqhelekile kubantu basemzini abazizityebi abafela eYiputa. Ukubonakala kweLiberus Linteus kunokuchazwa njengesikhumbuzo esashiywa ngabafileyo njengenxalenye yesiko lokungcwaba lase-Etruria. Umcimbi ophambili sisiqwenga somsongo owangcwatyelwa kunye nomama.
Abafileyo bachongwa kumsongo njengowasetyhini wase-Egypt ogama linguNesi-hensu, umfazi ka-Theban 'umthungi kaThixo' ogama lingu Paher-hensu. Ngenxa yoko, kubonakala ngathi i-Liber Linteus kunye ne-Nesi-hensu azidibani, kwaye ilinen eyayisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela lo mfazi wase-Egypt ubomi emva kobomi yayikukuphela kwelineni elalifumaneka kubaqholi.
ILiber Linteus yeyona ncwadi indala isindayo ekhoyo kulwimi lwase-Etruria ngenxa yale 'ngozi' kwimbali.
Inkcubeko yaseRoma yamandulo yayichukunyiswe kakhulu ngabantu base-Etruria. Oonobumba besiLatin ngokomzekelo baphefumlelwe ngokuthe ngqo ngu-Etruscan. Kuyafana nakwizakhiwo, inkolo kwaye mhlawumbi nombutho wezopolitiko. Nangona i-Etruscan yayiphembelela isiLatin kumbindi wayo kodwa ekugqibeleni yaphakanyiswa ngokupheleleyo kuyo kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa.
