I nzu lulwazi Cinga ukuba imiqondiso ye-radar ebonisa ubukho bamachibi angaphantsi komhlaba aphantsi komhlaba, anokuvela kubumba, hayi amanzi.
Ukukhangela ubomi kwiPlanethi ebomvu
Ukukhangelwa kobomi ngaphaya komjikelezo woMhlaba kuye kwaba yenye yezona zinto zithandekayo kwizazi ngeenkwenkwezi kunye neMars kukholelwa ukuba yeyona ndawo iphambili ekufumaneni oko. Ubomi buyachuma ebusweni bamanzi kunye nezifundo zamva nje ezinyuse umdla welizwe ngokucebisa ngobukho bamachibi angaphantsi komhlaba kwiPlanethi ebomvu.
Ngoku, ezinye izazinzulu zicinga ukuba umqondiso weradar ophakamisa ubukho bamanzi kula machibi akhiwe nzulu phantsi komphezulu anokuvela kudongwe, hayi amanzi. Amaphepha amathathu apapashwe kwinyanga ephelileyo anike ukuqonda okutsha kwimiqondiso eyimfihlakalo, omisa amachibi e-hypothesis.
Kwi-2018, iqela elikhokelwe ngu-Roberto Orosei wase-Itali Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica wabhengeza ubungqina obucebisa ubukho bamachibi angaphantsi komhlaba ngaphantsi kwe-ice cap eMars 'pole. Iqela lifundile idatha kwisixhobo se-radar ngaphakathi kwe-European Space Agency (i-ESA) i-Mars Express orbiter ebonisa imiqondiso eqaqambileyo phantsi kwesikhuselo se-polar. Ezi miqondiso zinokutolikwa njengamanzi alulwelo, izazinzulu zaziphikisile.
I-orbiter isebenzisa imiqondiso ye-radar ukungena elityeni nasemkhenkceni, etshintshe njengoko ibonakaliswa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuqhuba iimvavanyo kwilabhoratri ebandayo ngoku bacebisa ukuba imiqondiso ibingaveli emanzini.
Kubanda kakhulu kumachibi
Ngoku abaphandi bathi uninzi lwala machibi anokuba kwiindawo ezibanda kakhulu ukuba amanzi angahlali zikwimeko yolwelo. U-Aditya R Khuller noJeffrey J Plaut abavela kwiLebhu yaseNet yeJet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) bahlalutye i-44,000 yeerar echoes ukusuka kwisiseko se-polar cap kwiminyaka eli-15 yokuqwalaselwa. Bafumene uninzi lwale miqondiso kwiindawo ezikufutshane nomphezulu womhlaba, apho kufanele ukuba kubanda kakhulu ukuba amanzi angahlali engamanzi.
Amaqela amabini ahlukeneyo aqhubekile ahlalutya idatha ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba ikhona enye into enokuvelisa ezo miqondiso. Ngelixa uCarver Bierson we-ASU egqibezela isifundo sethiyori ebonisa izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela imiqondiso, kubandakanya udongwe, iYunivesithi yase-York u-Isaac Smith walinganisa iipropathi ze-smectites, iqela lodongwe likhona kuyo yonke iMars.
Udongwe, hayi amanzi
USmith ubeke iisampulu ezininzi ze-smectite, ezibonakala njengamatye aqhelekileyo kodwa zenziwa ngamanzi angamanzi kwakudala, kwisilinda eyilelwe ukulinganisa indlela imiqondiso ye-radar eyayiza kunxibelelana ngayo nabo. Emva koko wabathuma nge-nitrogen engamanzi, wabamisa waba yiqhwa ukuya kwi-50 degrees Celsius, kufutshane namaqondo obushushu aqatshelwe kumazantsi eMartian. Nje ukuba kubanda, iisampulu zamatye zihambelana ngokuchanekileyo nokuqwalaselwa kwe-radar eyenziwe yi-ESA's Mars orbiter.
Iqela emva koko lajonga ubukho bodongwe olunjalo eMars lusebenzisa iMRO, ephethe imephu yezimbiwa ebizwa ngokuba yiCompact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer. Bafumene i-smectites ethe saa kwindawo ekumazantsi e-ice cap. "Iqela likaSmith libonakalise ukuba i-smectite efriziwe ingenza ukuba ukubonakaliswa kungabikho isixa esingaqhelekanga setyuwa okanye ubushushu obufunekayo kwaye babekhona emazantsi," utshilo uJPL.
Ayililo ibango lokuqala elinjalo
I-subsurface echibini le-hypothesis ayisiyiyo eyokuqala ukuba ne-eyeballs zehlabathi, ngo-2015 iMars Reconnaissance Orbiter yeNASA yafumanisa into ebonakala ngathi yimigca yesanti efumileyo esihla kumathambeka, into ebizwa ngokuba "kukuphindaphindeka kwethambeka." Abaphandi bafumene utyikityo lweeminerali ezinamanzi kumathambeka apho kubonakale imijelo engaqondakaliyo kwiPlanethi ebomvu. Le mijelo emnyama ibonakale ihamba kwaye ihamba ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuphononongwa okuphindaphindiweyo, kusetyenziswa ikhamera ye-High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) yekhamera, ibonakalise ukuhamba kwegranular, apho isanti kunye nothuli zityhutyha ezantsi ukwenza imijelo emnyama, endaweni yokuba mnyama kumnyama ngokuhambisa amanzi. Le nto yayikho kuphela kumathambeka amqengqeleki ngokwaneleyo ukuba iinkozo ezomileyo zehle ngendlela ezenza ngayo ebusweni beendunduma ezisebenzayo.
Ngelixa kungenakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba yintoni imiqondiso ye-radar eqaqambileyo ngaphandle kokufika kumazantsi eMars, uphononongo lwamva nje lunika iinkcazo ezinengqiqo ezisengqiqweni kunamanzi alulwelo.
