Abantu babezisusa njani iibhloko ezinobunzima beetoni xa besakha iiphiramidi? Lo mbuzo neminye ibangele ukuba sithandabuze ubukho bezigebenga kwi-Egypt yaMandulo. Kodwa ngaba bukho nabuphi na ubungqina obubambekayo bokungqina la mabango angaqhelekanga?
Imbali iye yasikhokelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba abalawuli baseKemet yamandulo (igama lamandulo laseYiputa, elithetha "umhlaba omnyama"). babengengobantu baqhelekileyo. Abanye bathi ziikhakhayi ezinde, abanye bazichaza njengezidalwa zomoya, kwaye abanye njengezigebenga zaseYiputa yamandulo. Kwaye ukuxhasa le thiyori yenye yeentsomi ezibalisa indlela iiPiramidi zaseGiza ezazakhiwe ngayo kwizandla zohlanga lwezigebenga.
Le ithiyori kwabelwana ngayo ngexesha lentetho ebizwa "Atlantis kunye noothixo bamandulo" ngooGqirha kunye noFreemason, uManly P. Hall.
“Sixelelwa ukuba ngonyaka wama-820 AD… emva phaya ngemihla yozuko lwe-Baghdad, i-sultan enkulu, umlandeli kunye nenzala ka-El-Rashid omkhulu we-Arabian Nights, uSultan El-Rashid Al-Ma'mun. , wagqiba ekubeni avule iPiramidi Enkulu. Wayexelelwe ukuba yayakhiwe ziingxilimbela, ezazibizwa ngokuba ziiSheddai, izidalwa ezinamandla angaphezu kwawomntu, yaye kuloo piramidi nakwezo piramidi, zazigcine ubuncwane obukhulu obungenakuqondwa ngumntu.”
Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ngonyaka ka-832 AD, u-Al-Ma'mun wahamba waya eYiputa kwaye waba ngowokuqala ukuhlola iPiramidi enkulu ngexesha apho yayisagqunywe ngelitye lekalika elimhlophe, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ngubani i-Sheddai yimfihlelo yokuba isaqhubeka nanamhlanje.
Ngokutsho kwabanye, inokuba ibhekisa kwelinye igama likaShemsu Hor, okanye 'Abalandeli bakaHorus'. Ngelixa abanye besithi, inokubhekisa kuShaddād bin 'Ad (uKumkani we-Ad), owayekholelwa ukuba ngukumkani wesixeko esilahlekileyo sama-Arabia i-Iram yeNtsika, ingxelo ekhankanywe kwiSura 89 yeQur'an. . Maxa wambi ubizwa ngokuba sisigebenga.
Izakhiwo zesikhumbuzo eYiputa kunye nobudlelwane babo kunye nezigebenga
I-Akhbār al-zaman, ekwaziwa ngokuba yiNcwadi yeZimangaliso (ca.900 - 1100 AD), yintlangano yesiArabhu yezithethe zamandulo eYiputa kunye nehlabathi le-prediluvian. Ibanga ukuba abantu baka-Ad babeziingxilimbela, ngoko uShaddad wayenokuba ngomnye wabo. Kuthiwa yena “Wazakha izikhumbuzo zaseDashure ngamatye awayeqingqwe ngemihla kayise.”
Ngaphambi koko, isigebenga saseHarjit sasiqalisile ukwakha. Emva kwexesha, uQofṭarīm, esinye isigebenga, “wabeka iimfihlelo kwiiphiramidi zaseDahshur nakwezinye iiphiramidi, ukuze kuxeliswe into eyayisenziwa mandulo. Waseka isixeko saseDendera.” I-Dashur iqulethe iPiramidi eBomvu kunye nePiramidi egobileyo eyakhiwe ngexesha lolawulo lukaFaro Sneferu (2613-2589 BC). Kwelinye icala, iDendera ineentsika ezihonjiswe kakhulu ezinikezelwe kuthixokazi uHathor.
Lo mbhalo ukwakhankanya ukuba isixeko saseMemphis sakhiwa liqela lezigebenga ezaziphila emva koMkhukula ezazikhonza uKumkani uMisraim, owayesaziwa ngokuba sisigebenga. Nasemva kwexesha isachaza umsebenzi wezinye ezi colossi: “UAdim wayeyingxilimbela, enamandla angenakoyiswa, kwaye engoyena mkhulu ebantwini. Wayalela ukuba makumbiwe amatye aze ahanjiswe ukuze akhe iiphiramidi, njengoko kwakusenziwa ngaphambili.”
Ke senza ntoni ngala mabali? Kubonakala ngathi uManly P. Hall wayesazi esi sicatshulwa kwaye wazama ukusishwankathela kwintetho yakhe. Luluvo lombhali ukuba yonke 'imfundiso' yamandulo ifanele ukuvunywa njengoko uninzi lwala masiko kwakuxhomekeke kuwo ekuthwaleni ulwazi nobulumko kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
Ngaba 'Abalandeli BakaHorus' Babeziingxilimbela?
Abalandeli bakaHorus, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba badale induli ephambili yaseGiza kwakudala phambi koFaro, bakholelwa ukuba zizigebenga. Oku kukholelwa ukuba, ekupheleni kwe-4 leminyaka ye-BC, abo babizwa ngokuba ngaBafundi bakaHorus babeyi-aristocracy enamandla eyayilawula iYiputa.
Ngasekupheleni kwewaka leminyaka le-IV ngaphambi kweXesha lethu Eliqhelekileyo abantu abaziwa ngokuba ngaBafundi bakaHorus babonakala bezihandiba ezazilawula yonke iYiputa. Ithiyori yobukho bolu gqatso ixhaswa kukufunyanwa kumangcwaba e-Predynastic, kumantla e-Egypt ePhakamileyo, yeentsalela ze-anatomical zabantu abanokakayi obukhulu kunye nolwakhiwo kunabemi bomthonyama, umahluko omkhulu kakhulu wokungabandakanyi nayiphi na ingqikelelo. ubunzima obuqhelekileyo bobuhlanga. "
Ithiyori malunga nobukho bayo ixhaswa kukufunyanwa kwamangcwaba e-predynastic kumntla we-Upper Egypt. Ukusuka kwiintsalela, abembi bezinto zakudala bafumana ukhakhayi kunye nolwakhiwo olukhulu kakhulu kunezinye lugqame. Umahluko kukuba naluphi na uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lobuhlanga lulawulwa ngaphandle.
Enyanisweni, uNjingalwazi uWalter B. Emery, i-Egyptologist ephonononge i-Saqqara kwi-1930s, yafumanisa iintsalela ze-predynastic. U-Emery wafumanisa ukuba iintsalela ezinkulu ngokungaqhelekanga zezabantu abaneenwele eziblond kunye nebala eliqinileyo ngakumbi.
Uthe olu hlobo lobunzima aluveli eYiputa, kodwa lubaluleke kakhulu kurhulumente waseYiputa. Wafumanisa ukuba eli qela lalixutywe kuphela nezinye izihandiba ezibaluleke ngokulinganayo yaye kwakukholelwa ukuba liyinxalenye yaBalandeli bakaHorus.
Ukumkani oziimitha ezi-2.5 ubude
U-Khasekhemui wayengumlawuli wokugqibela we-Second Dynasty yaseYiputa, kunye ne-epicenter yayo kufuphi ne-Abydos. Wayekho ekwakhiweni kwe-Hierakonpolis, ikomkhulu le-predynastic.
Wangcwatyelwa kwi-necropolis yase-Umm el-Qa'ab. Ingcwaba lakhe le-limestone laphandwa kwi-2001, iingcali ezimangalisayo ngomgangatho wokwakha xa kuthelekiswa nePyramid yeNyathelo ye-Djoser e-Saqqara, eyayibhalwe ekuqaleni kwe-Third Dynasty. Amathambo kaKhasekhemui awazange afumaneke, ngoko kukholelwa ukuba yaphangwa kwakudala.
UFlinders Petrie, owayengowokuqala ukumba indawo, wafumana ubungqina benkulungwane yesi-3 BC, ukuba uFaro uphantse wafikelela kwiimitha ezi-2.5 ukuphakama.
Ukumelwa komntu omkhulu eSaqqara
Ubukhosi besithathu bujongene nokwakhiwa kwePiramidi yeNyathelo yaseSaqqara, eyakhiwe kunye nezinye iitempile kwindawo enzima. U-Djoser, owayephethe ukungcwaba uKhasekhemui, okrokrelwa ukuba ngunyana wakhe, walawula iSaqqara ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwephiramidi.
Kwesi simboli kwakusenzeka ukuba kufotwe umzobo wesigebenga esibonakala sinokakayi olude. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokuba ngumfanekiso wamathambo agrunjwa kwiminyaka yoo-1930 yabantu abanokakayi obukhulu kunye nebala.
Itempile kaIsis
Kwi-1895 kunye ne-1896, amaphephandaba ehlabathi apapasha ibali elingaqhelekanga malunga nefoto yeTempile kaIsis. Ixesha lokuqala lavela eli nqaku kwi-Arizona Silver Belt, ngoNovemba 16, 1895, phantsi komxholo othi “Izigebenga zamandulo zaseYiputa.” Eli nqaku lifundeka ngolu hlobo:
“Ngowe-1881, xa unjingalwazi uTimmerman wayehlola amabhodlo etempile yamandulo kaIsis kunxweme lomNayile, iikhilomitha ezili-16 ngaphantsi kweNajar Djfard, wavula uthotho lwamangcwaba apho kwakungcwatywe khona uhlanga lwamandulo lwezigebenga. Elona thambo lamathambo lincinci kwi-60 engaqhelekanga, eyathi yavavanywa ngexesha uTimmerman wayegrumba eNajar Djfard, yayinobude obuziimitha ezisixhenxe kunye nee-intshi ezisibhozo ubude kwaye ishumi elinanye leemitha ubude. Amacwecwe eSikhumbuzo afunyanwa emaninzi kakhulu, kodwa kwakungekho ngxelo ebonisa ukuba ayekwinkumbulo yamadoda amakhulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Kukholelwa ukuba la mangcwaba asusela kunyaka we-1043 BC.”
Ingxilimbela yomnwe
Ngokutsho kwephephandaba laseJamani, iBILD.de, uGregor Spörri, usozigidi onemijuxuzo yasebusuku yaseSwitzerland, wathabatha iifoto ezininzi zomnwe omkhulu owawugogekile ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1980. Umnikazi wayo yayilisela elalidla umhlala-phantsi elalihlala eBir Hooker, kufutshane neSixeko saseSadat, malunga neekhilomitha ezili-100 ukusuka eCairo.
Umnwe wawuziisentimitha ezingama-35 ubude, ngoko wawungowomntu odlula ngokulula kwiimitha ezi-4 ubude. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufunyanisiweyo akuzange kwenziwe esidlangalaleni ngo-2012, kwiminyaka engama-24 kamva kwaye, ukusukela ngoko, akukenziwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngokutsho kukaSpörri, umnwe wafunyanwa kwiminyaka eyi-150 edlulileyo kwaye wayesentsapho yomninimzi, owathatha ingxaki kwi-X-Ray umnwe ukuze aqinisekise ubunyani bayo. Funda eli nqaku ukwazi ngakumbi ngengxilimbela yaseYiputa yomnwe.
Ngokutsho kwabanye abaphandi, iibhokisi ezinkulu zibubungqina beengxilimbela zaseYiputa. Nangona kusenokwenzeka ukuba bazenza bakhulu kunokuba babefuna ukukholisa abanye okanye ukuze kucace kwizithixo kubomi basemva kokufa ukuba babengabomnombo wasebukhosini. Kwelinye icala, kukho iingxelo ezimbalwa ze-gigantism kwirekhodi yembali, i-Egypt nayo inabo. Uninzi lwamathambo amakhulu ngokungaqhelekanga kunye nama-mummies anokuba ngumzekelo nje we-gigantism. Kodwa abaninzi baye baphosa imibuzo njengento engenazo iimpawu zokungahambi kakuhle kwe-pituitary.
isiphelo
Ngapha koko, ngezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zinikwe kweli nqaku, zakha nje imeko yobukho bezigebenga kwi-prehistoric Egypt nakwihlabathi liphela, kwaye okukhona siphonononga iirekhodi zelizwe ngalinye, kokukhona sifumana imizekelo emininzi. Ewe, ezinye azinanto yakwenza nenxalenye engaqondakaliyo elahlekileyo yembali yethu, kodwa ezinye zinento yokwenza.
Isenokude ikhanyise nendlela amatye amakhulu awayembiwa ngayo aze aphakanyiswe awabeke, njengoko yayiziingxilimbela kuphela, ubugcisa obuphucuke gqitha, okanye iingcibi zezokwakha ezazinokuphumeza umsebenzi omkhulu ngolo hlobo kwakude kudala.
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