IParacas sisiqithi esisentlango esikwiphondo lasePisco, kwiNgingqi ye-Ica, kunxweme olusemazantsi ePeru. Kulapha apho umphengululi wezinto zakudala wasePeru uJulio C. Tello wenza enye yezona zinto zazingaqondakaliyo ngo-1928. Ngexesha lokumba, uTello wafumanisa amangcwaba antsonkothileyo kwaye ephucukileyo kumhlaba ombi weNtlango iParacas.
Kumangcwaba ayindida, uTello wafumanisa uthotho lwamathambo abantu anokuphikisana anokuhlala etshintsha indlela esibajonga ngayo ookhokho bethu nemvelaphi yethu. Imizimba emangcwabeni yayineyona yolunye ukhakhayi olukhulu oluye lwafunyanwa kwiplanethi, ebizwa ngokuba ziingqayi zeParacas. Umembi wezinto zakudala wase-Peru wafumanisa ngaphezulu kweengqayi ezingaqondakaliyo ezingama-300 ekukholelwa ukuba ubuncinci zineminyaka engama-3,000 XNUMX ubudala.
Njengokuba ukumila kweengqayi kwakungekho mfihlakalo ngokwaneleyo, uhlalutyo lwamva nje lweDNA olwenziwe kolunye ukhakhayi lubonisa ezona ziphumo zibambekayo nezimangalisayo ezicelomngeni kuyo yonke into esiyaziyo malunga nomthi kunye nemvelaphi yomntu.
Imfihlelo ngasemva kweeParacas Skulls
Ukutshintsha kwesithsaba: Inkolo yamandulo
Ngelixa iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela zisenza uqheliso lokakayi (ukwandiswa), iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo zahlukile, oko kuthetha ukuba iziphumo bezingafani. Kukho izizwe ezithile zase Mzantsi Melika 'ezibophele ukakayi lweentsana' ukuze zitshintshe imilo yazo, zikhokelele kubume bokhakhayi obude. Ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo rhoqo ixesha elide kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zakudala, izizwe zakwazi ukwenza iziphene zekristani ezifumaneka nakwinkcubeko yamandulo eAfrika.
Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa olu hlobo lwe-cranial deformation lwatshintsha ubume bekhakhayi, aluzange lutshintshe ubungakanani be-cranial, ubunzima, okanye ivolumu, zonke ezo zinto ziimpawu zeengqayi zomntu eziqhelekileyo.
Kulapha kanye apho iimpawu zeengqayi zeParacas zibonakala zinomdla kakhulu. Iingqayi zeParacas aziyonto iqhelekileyo. Iingqayi zeParacas ubuncinci ngama-25% amakhulu kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60% inzima kuneengqayi zabantu abaqhelekileyo. Abaphandi bakholelwa ngamandla ukuba ezi mpawu bezingenakufezekiswa ngeendlela ezisetyenziswe zizizwe njengoko ezinye iingcali zesayensi zisitsho. Ayisiyiyo kuphela eyahlukileyo ngokobunzima, kodwa iingqayi zeParacas zahlukile ngokwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo kwaye zinepleyiti enye kuphela ngelixa abantu abaqhelekileyo benamabini.
Ezi zinto zingaqhelekanga zongeze kwimfihlelo amashumi eminyaka, njengoko abaphandi bengenalo nofifi lokuba ngoobani aba bantu babe neengqayi ezinde.
Uvavanyo lwamva kamva lwenze ukuba iingqayi zeParacas zibe nzima ngakumbi
Umlawuli weMyuziyam yeParacas yezeMbali wathumela iisampulu ezintlanu zeengqayi zeParacas kuvavanyo lwemfuzo, kwaye iziphumo zazinomdla. Iisampulu ezibandakanya iinwele, amazinyo, ulusu, kunye nezinye iziqwenga zamathambo okakayi zanikezela ngeenkcukacha ezimangalisayo eziye zaxhokonxa imfihlakalo ejikeleze la makakayi. Ilabhoratri yemfuza apho iisampulu zathunyelwa khona zazingaxelelwanga ngaphambili ngemvelaphi yeekhakhayi ukunqanda 'ukuphembelela iziphumo'.
Into ebangela umdla kukuba, i-DNA ye-mitochondrial, efunyanwa kumama, ibonise iinguqu ezingaziwayo kuye nawuphi na umntu, ibhokhwe okanye isilwanyana esifunyenwe kwiPlanethi yoMhlaba. Utshintsho olukhoyo kwiisampulu zokhakhayi lweParacas lubonisa ukuba abaphandi bajongene 'nomntu' omtsha ngokupheleleyo, ohluke kakhulu kwiiHomo sapiens, Neanderthals, naseDenisovans. Iziphumo ezifanayo zifunyenwe kuvavanyo olwenziwe kwiKhwezi loMntwana eyafunyanwa ngo-1930 kwitonela lemigodi malunga neekhilomitha ezili-100 kumzantsi-ntshona weChihuahua, eMexico.
Abantu abakwiikhakhayi zeParacas kwathiwa bahluke kakhulu kwibhayiloji kangangokuba ngekhe kube lula ukuba abantu baphinde bazalane. "Andiqinisekanga ukuba oku kuyahambelana nomthi owaziwayo wendaleko," Wabhala u-geneticist.
Yayingoobani ezi zidalwa zingaqondakaliyo? Ngaba zazivelela ngokwahlukeneyo emhlabeni? Yintoni ebangele ukuba babe neeyantlukwano ezingako ebantwini abaqhelekileyo? Kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ezi zinto azivelanga emhlabeni? Zonke ezi zinto zinokwenzeka ziithiyori ezingenakupheliswa zinikwe ubungqina bangoku. Into esiyaziyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kukuba zininzi izinto ezingaphaya kokuqonda kwabaphandi, ababhali bembali kunye nososayensi. Kungenzeka ukuba emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umbuzo wokuba sisedwa kwindalo iphela ungaphendulwa enkosi kwiiParacas skulls.
