Izazinzulu zikholelwa kwelokuba umngxuma omnyama obalaseleyo uhleli embindini wawo wonke umnyele kwindalo iphela, onobunzima obuzizigidi okanye amawaka ezihlandlo eziphindwe lixesha leLanga kunye namandla amakhulu omxhuzulane anoxanduva lokugcina zonke iinkwenkwezi kunye. Nangona kunjalo, intliziyo yeqela le-Abell 2261 galaxy, elibekwe malunga ne-2.7 yezigidigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni, kubonakala ngathi iyayophula ithiyori. Apho, imigaqo ye-astrophysics ibonisa ukuba kufanele kubekho isigebenga esikhulu esiphakathi kwama-3,000 kunye nama-100,000 ezigidi zelanga elithelekiswayo nobunzima bezona zinkulu ezaziwayo. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi baphanda ngokungapheliyo, akukho ndlela yokuyifumana. Ukuqwalaselwa kwakutsha nje ngeNASA yeChandra X-ray Observatory kunye neHubble Space Telescope kuphengulula le mfihlakalo.
Zisebenzisa idatha kaChandra eyafunyanwa ngo-1999 nango-2004, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zazisele zikhangele iziko lase-Abell ngeempawu ezingama-2,261 zomngxunya omnyama oncomekayo. Babezingela izinto ezazigqatswe bubushushu njengoko zawela emngxunyeni omnyama zaza zavelisa iiX-reyi, kodwa abawufumananga umthombo onjalo.
Ukhutshiwe emva kokudibana
Ngoku, ngoqwalaselo olutsha nolude lweChandra olufunyenwe ngo-2018, iqela elikhokelwa nguKayhan Gultekin weYunivesithi yaseMichigan lenze uphando olunzulu ngomngxunya omnyama embindini wegalaksi. Baqwalasele enye inkcazo, apho umngxuma omnyama wakhutshwa emva kokudityaniswa kweminyele emibini, nganye inomngxunya wayo, ukwenza umnyele oqwalaselweyo.
Xa imingxunya emnyama idibana, ivelisa amaza kwisithuba sexesha esibizwa ngokuba ngamaza omxhuzulane. Ukuba inani elikhulu lamaza omxhuzulane aveliswe sisiganeko esinjalo belinamandla kwelinye icala kunenye, ithiyori iqikelela ukuba umngxuma omnyama omkhulu ngakumbi ungathunyelwa ngesantya esipheleleyo ukusuka kumbindi womnyeleko kwelinye icala. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumngxunya omnyama ophelayo.
Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi azifumananga bungqina buqinisekileyo bokubuyela umva kumnyama, kwaye akwaziwa ukuba ii-supermassives zisondelelene ngokwaneleyo ukuze zivelise amaza omxhuzulane kwaye zidibane. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, baqinisekisile kuphela ukunyibilika kwezinto ezincinci kakhulu. Ukufumana ukubuyela umva ngakumbi kunokukhuthaza izazinzulu ukuba zikhangele amaza omxhuzulane ngokudibanisa imingxunya emnyama emnyama.
Imiqondiso engangqalanga
Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba oku kungenzeka ukuba kwenzeka embindini we-Abell 2261 ngeempawu ezimbini ezingangqalanga. Okokuqala, idatha evela ekuqwalaselweni okubonakalayo okuvela kuHubble kunye neteleskopu yeSubaru ityhila isiseko segalactic, ingingqi esembindini apho inani leenkwenkwezi kumnyele lixabiso liphezulu, likhulu kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe, kumnyele wobukhulu bawo. Umqondiso wesibini kukuba ezona ndawo zixineneyo zeenkwenkwezi kumnyele zingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-2,000 XNUMX yokukhanya ukusuka embindini, ngokumangalisayo ukude.
Ngexesha lokudityaniswa, umngxunya omnyama omkhulu kumnyele ngamnye uyatshona uye kumbindi womnyele omtsha. Ukuba zibanjiwe kunye ngumxhuzulane kwaye i-orbit yazo iqala ukuncipha, imingxunya emnyama kulindeleke ukuba inxibelelane neenkwenkwezi ezingqonge kwaye ibakhuphe kumbindi womnyele. Oku kungachaza eyona nto iphambili ku-Abell 2261.
Ukuxinana kweenkwenkwezi okuphakathi nendawo kusenokwenzeka ukuba kubangelwe sisiganeko sobundlobongela njengokudityaniswa kwemingxunya emibini emnyama kunye nokubuyela umva komngxuma omnye omkhulu, omnyama.
Akukho mkhondo kwiinkwenkwezi
Nangona kukho ubungqina bokuba ukudityaniswa komngxunya omnyama kwenzeka, akukho datha kaChandra okanye yeHubble ibonakalise ubungqina bomngxunya omnyama ngokwawo. Abaphandi babekhe basebenzisa uHubble ukukhangela iqela leenkwenkwezi elinokukhukuliswa ngumngxunya omnyama ophelayo. Bafunde izihloko ezithathu ezikufutshane kumbindi wegalaksi kwaye bavavanya ukuba iintshukumo zeenkwenkwezi kula maqela ziphakamile ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingabonisa ukuba zinomngxunya omnyama welanga onobunzima obuziibhiliyoni ezili-10. Akukho bungqina bucacileyo bufunyenwe kumngxunya omnyama kula maqela mabini kwaye iinkwenkwezi kwelinye bezinamandla kakhulu ukuvelisa izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.
Babekhe ngaphambili bafunda ukuqaphela kuka-Abell 2261 kunye no-KarF G. Jansky we-NSF omkhulu kakhulu. Ukukhutshwa koonomathotholo kufunyenwe kufutshane neziko lomnyele kucebise ukuba umsebenzi womngxunya omnyama ongummangaliso wenzeka phaya kwizigidi ezingama-50 zeminyaka eyadlulayo, kodwa oko akubonisi ukuba iziko lomnyele okwangoku linomngxunya onje omnyama.
Emva koko baya e-Chandra ukuya kukhangela izinto ezazitshisa kakhulu kwaye zavelisa i-X-ray njengoko yayiwela emngxunyeni omnyama. Ngelixa idatha ibonakalise ukuba eyona gesi irhasi ishushu yayingekho embindini wegalaksi, yayingaboniswanga embindini weqela okanye nakweliphi na iklasta yeenkwenkwezi. Ababhali bagqiba kwelokuba akukho mngxunya umnyama nakweyiphi na kwezi ndawo, okanye oko kutsala izinto kancinci kancinci ukuvelisa umqondiso weX-ray obonakalayo.
Imfihlelo yendawo yalo mngxuma omnyama omkhulu iyaqhubeka. Nangona uphando lwalungaphumelelanga, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zinethemba lokuba iJames Webb Space Telescope ingabubonisa ubukho bayo. Ukuba iWebb ayifumani, ke eyona nkcazo ilungileyo kukuba umngxunya omnyama ushenxe kude ngokwaneleyo kumbindi womnyele.
