I-Toumaï ligama elinikwe ummeli wokuqala wefosili ye sahelanthropus tchadensis Ukhakhayi olupheleleyo lwafunyanwa e-Chad, kuMbindi Afrika, ngo-2001. Yabhalwa malunga ne-7 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, i-Toumaï ikholelwa ukuba yeyona hominid indala eyaziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Ukufunyanwa kweToumaï
Ngo-2001, abaphandi bafumanisa into engaqhelekanga kwindawo yasentlango yaseMntla Chad: ingqokelela yamathambo kunye namaqhekeza amathambo ahleli ecaleni kokakayi olupheleleyo. Abaphandi bathi olu kakayi balubiza ngokuthi “iToumaï,” gama elo elithetha “ithemba lobomi” ngolwimi lwamaToubous, okanye amaGoranes, abemi abafudukayo abahlala eChad.
Iimpawu zoKhakhayi yayiyi-mashup endala kunye nentsha, ingqondo elingana netshimp kodwa inamazinyo amancinci e-canine - ngokuqhelekileyo mancinci kwi-hominins kune-chimps, izalamane zethu ezikufutshane.
Noko ke, yayibubudala befosili eyayisothusa ngakumbi. IToumaï iphakathi kweminyaka ezi-6 nezigidi ezisi-7 ubudala. Ngelo xesha, i-paleoanthropologists yayikholelwa ukuba ukhokho wokugqibela oqhelekileyo esibelana ngawo kunye neetshimpu ubuncinane ubuncinane beminyaka eyisigidi. U-Toumaï ucebise ukuba ukwahlukana kuluhlu lwethu lwenzeka kwangoko kunokuba bekucingelwa.
Yabhalwa malunga ne-7 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, i-Toumaï kukholelwa ukuba yeyona hominid indala eyaziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Kungekudala yayiza kwandulela umahluko phakathi kweechimpanzi nomnombo wabantu. Kuthiwa yindoda enobunzima obungange 35kg kwaye inomlinganiselo omalunga nemitha enye, neyayihlala kwihlathi elikufutshane nendawo enamanzi, njengoko kuboniswa ngamathambo eentlanzi, iingwenya kunye neenkawu ezifunyenwe kufutshane nayo.
I-Hominid Vs Hominin
I-Hominid - Iqela eliquka zonke iiMfene eziMkhulu zangoku nezingasekhoyo (oko kukuthi, abantu bale mihla, iitshimpanzi, iigorila kunye nee-orang-utans kunye nazo zonke izinyanya zazo).
IHominin - Iqela elibandakanya abantu bale mihla, iintlobo zabantu abangasekhoyo kunye nabo bonke ookhokho bethu abasondeleyo (kubandakanywa namalungu e-genera Homo, Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Ardipithecus).
I-Toumaï kunye neTheory "yeSide Side" ithiyori
Ukufunyanwa kwe-Toumaï kwintlango yase-Djurab e-Chad, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-2,500 ngasentshona ye-Great East African Rift Valley, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Cradle of Humankind", iphosa intandabuzo kwithiyori "ye-East Side Story". Icetywa yipaleoanthropologist uYves Coppens, le ngcinga ithi izinyanya zeehomo sapiens zazinokuvela eMpuma Afrika emva kokuguquguquka kwezendalo kunye nemozulu.
Abaphandi bacebisa i-Toumaï inokuba yi-Bipedal Primate!
Kwezinye iingcali ze-anthropologists, i-Toumaï inokuba yi-bipedal primate kwaye iya kuba ngomnye wezinyanya zokuqala zomgca womntu. I-Bipedal primate ithetha ukuba iToumaï inokuba ihambe ngemilenze emibini. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba akukho mathambo okanye amaqhekeza amathambo angaphantsi kokakayi (intsalela ye-postcranial) efunyenweyo, akwaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba i-Toumaï yayiyi-bipedal, nangona amabango e-foramen magnum ebekwe ngaphambili abonisa ukuba oku kunokuba kunjalo kwaye i-Toumaï yayiyinyani. omnye wethu.
I-foramen magnum yindawo yokuvula kwisiseko sokakayi apho intambo yomgogodla iphuma khona. I-engile yokuvula ingabonisa ukuba umnqonqo woluliwe emva kokakayi, njengoko wenzayo kwizilwanyana ezinemilenze emine, okanye uwele phantsi, njengoko wenzayo kwi-bipedal hominins. Kwezinye iingcali, ngokuchaseneyo, kuya kuba yinkawu kuphela kwaye ingabi yi-hominin kwaphela. Kodwa, ngaba kunjalo??
