Wazalwa Ngo: 1162 AD
Wafa Ngo: Nge-18 ka-Agasti ka-1227
Uzalwe e: Delüün Boldog
UMsunguli: Ubukhosi baseMongol
Usweleke ebudaleni: 65
UGenghis Khan, uKhan Omkhulu wokuqala wobukhosi bamaMongol kwaye ehlala edunyiswa njengoKumkani wamaKumkani, wayengumlawuli owaseka obona bukhosi bukhulu, uBukhosi baseMongol. Lo mnqobi udumileyo waseMongolia uqhubele phambili lokoyisa imimandla emikhulu ye-Eurasia, ngokudibanisa amazwe anamhlanje aseTshayina, eKorea, kuMbindi weAsia, eMpuma Yurophu nakuMzantsi-ntshona weAsia.
UKhan wayenoxanduva lokuwa kwamanye amakhosi amakhulu afana neWestern Xia, iJin, iQara Khitai, iCaucasus kunye neKhwarazmian dynasty. Nangona kunjalo, wayenegama lokuba nguzwilakhe ngenxa yokubulawa kwabantu abaqhelekileyo ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwakhe okwamenza waba ngomnye wabalawuli boyikwa kwimbali.
Ngaphandle kodumo lwakhe lokutshabalalisa uhlanga, ukuxhaphaza kukaKhan kwezopolitiko kwazisa iSilk Route phantsi kwemeko yezopolitiko eyakhulisa urhwebo olusuka kuMntla-mpuma weAsia ukuya kuMzantsi-ntshona weAsia naseYurophu. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yakhe yasemkhosini, wayenembopheleleko yokubethelela unyamezelo lonqulo nozuko kuBukhosi baseMongol.
U-Khan ukwavunyiwe ngokumanyana kwezizwe ezifudukayo zaseMntla-mpuma Asia. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeenyani ezingaziwayo kunye neengcaphuno ezidumileyo ezivela kwiKhan enkulu yeMongol Dynasty, echaza iingcinga kunye nobomi bakhe.
Iinyani ezingaziwayo malunga neGenghis Khan
1 | UGenghis Khan Wazalelwa Egazini
Intsomi ithi uGenghis Khan wazalwa enehlwili legazi eligotywe kwinqindi lakhe, exela kwangaphambili ukuvela kwakhe njengenkokeli enkulu nenamandla. Kubonakala ngathi wayenegazi ezandleni zakhe kwasekuqaleni.
2 | UKhan waba yindoda kwangethuba
Xa uGenghis Khan wayesengumntwana, utata wakhe u-Yesugei wayetyhefwe sisizwe esasikhuphisana naye, amaTatars, xa ngokuchwechwa amnika ukutya okunetyhefu. UGenghis, owayengekho, wabuyela ekhaya ukuze athabathe isikhundla sakhe njengenkosi yesizwe, kodwa isizwe sala saza sayishiya intsapho kaGenghis.
3 | Ngokwenene uKhan wayengasafuni enye iMfazwe
Emva kokudibanisa izizwe zamaMongol phantsi kwebhanile enye, uGenghis Khan akazange afune enye imfazwe. Ukuvula urhwebo, uGenghis Khan wathumela abathunywa kuMuhammad ll waseKhwarezm, kodwa uBukhosi baseKhwarezm bahlasela ikharavani yaseMongolia emva koko babulala itoliki kaKhan. Ngoko uKhan wayisula ikhwarezmia kwiMaphu. Umkhosi kaGenghis Khan watshabalalisa umkhosi owawuwuphindaphinda kahlanu ubukhulu bawo, yaye ekugqityweni kwawo, “nkqu nezinja neekati” azizange zisinde. Kwisithuba nje seminyaka emibini, bonke obu bukhosi bacinywa ngokoqobo, abemi babo abazizigidi ezine baba yingqumba yamathambo.
4 | Imikhosi kaKhan Yanqumla Isixeko Sonke
Umkhosi kaGenghis Khan wasinqumla intloko isixeko esibizwa ngokuba yiNishapur, esasinabemi abangaphezu kwe-1.75 yezigidi, kuba omnye wamaNishapuri wabulala umkhwenyana wakhe awayemthanda kakhulu, uToquchar, ngotolo.
5 | Imfazwe yokuqala yebhayoloji
Imikhosi kaGenghis Khan yayidla ngokuyisa izidumbu zamaxhoba esibetho sesibetho kwizixeko zotshaba. Oku kudla ngokucatshulwa njengomzekelo wokuqala wemfazwe yebhayoloji.
6 | UKhan uphumelele ngenxa yomkhosi wakhe oqeqeshekileyo
Ubukhosi baseMongolia uGenghis Khan wayelawula iindawo ezinkulu zoMbindi Asia naseTshayina. Uhlaselo olunempumelelo kwezinye izikumkani lwalubangelwa ngumkhosi wakhe oqeqeshekileyo. UGenghis Khan wakha wayalela umkhosi wakhe olambileyo ukuba ubulale kwaye utye yonke indoda yeshumi, ngexesha lephulo elide.
7 | Isohlwayo sokuzisa iindaba ezimbi
Xa unyana omdala kaGenghis Khan uJuchi wafa ngelixa ezingela, abaphantsi kwakhe, besaba isohlwayo ngenxa yokuzisa iindaba ezimbi, banyanzela umculi ukuba ayenze. Imvumi yacula ingoma, uGenghis Khan wawuqonda umyalezo waza “wohlwaya” isixhobo ngokugalela ilothe etyhidiweyo kuso.
8 | UKhan Walala Nabafazi Abaninzi
UGenghis Khan walala nabasetyhini abaninzi, kangangokuba malunga nomntu omnye kwabangama-1 namhlanje bahlobene ngqo naye. Iqela lamazwe ngamazwe leengcali zemfuza ezifunda idatha ye-Y-chromosome ziye zafumanisa ukuba phantse i-200 pesenti yamadoda ahlala kummandla owawusakuba yi-Mongol emphaya aphethe iichromosomes eziphantse zifane. Oko kuguqulela kwi-8 pesenti yamadoda emhlabeni, okanye malunga ne-0.5 yezigidi zenzala ephilayo namhlanje.
9 | Indawo Engcwele yaseMongolia
Kukho indawo eMongolia eyabhengezwa ingcwele nguGenghis Khan. Ekuphela kwabantu abavunyelweyo ukuba bangene yayiyiNtsapho yasebukhosini yaseMongol kunye nesizwe samagorha aphakamileyo, i-darkhat, umsebenzi wabo wawuyigada kunye nokunika isohlwayo sokufa ngokungena kwindawo. Bawenza umsebenzi wabo kangangeminyaka engama-697, de kwangowe-1924.
10 | Naye uKhan wayenentliziyo entle
UGenghis Khan wayengayihlawuli irhafu amahlwempu nabefundisi, ekhuthaza ukufunda nokubhala, waza waseka unqulo olukhululekileyo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba abantu abaninzi bathelele ubukhosi bakhe ngaphambi kokuba boyiswe.
11 | Ingxoxo Yenkolo Ekhumbulekayo
Ngo-1254, umzukulwana kaGenghis Khan uMongke Khan wabamba ingxoxo yonqulo phakathi kwabefundisi bezakwalizwi abangamaKristu, amaSilamsi namaBhuda. Ingxoxo-mpikiswano yaphela xa amaBhuda ehleli ethe cwaka njengoko iingxoxo zamaKristu namaSilamsi zaziculelana phezulu. Banxila ke bonke.
12 | Ebemhle Kangangoba Embi
UGenghis Khan wakwalela ukuthengiswa kwamabhinqa, ukubiwa kwempahla yabanye, wayalela inkululeko yonqulo, wakuvala ukuzingela ngexesha lokuzala, yaye wayengawahlawulisi irhafu amahlwempu.
13 | IMongol Pony Express
UGenghis Khan, umseki odumileyo kunye nomlawuli woBukhosi baseMongol ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1200, wasebenzisa iindlela ezininzi zokuqinisekisa impumelelo yasemkhosini. Esinye sezi zicwangciso yayiluthungelwano olukhulu lonxibelelwano olufana nolo lwePony Express. Ebizwa ngokuba yiYam Communication Route, yayiquka abakhweli abanezakhono abahamba ukuya kutsho kwiimayile ezili-124 phakathi kwezikhululo zokuhambisa amahashe amatsha kunye nezibonelelo. Inethiwekhi yasebenza ukudlulisa unxibelelwano lomkhosi kunye nobukrelekrele ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
14 | Ekuphela koKumkanikazi Wakhe
Nangona uGenghis Khan wathatha abafazi abaninzi kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, uKumkanikazi wakhe ekuphela kwakhe yayingumfazi wakhe wokuqala uBorte. UGenghis waye watshata noBorte ukusukela kwiminyaka elithoba.
15 | UKhan wayesoloko eyixabisile iNkalipha neZakhono
UGenghis Khan wakha wadutyulwa entanyeni ngexesha ledabi. Xa umkhosi wotshaba woyiswayo, wabuza ukuba nguwuphi na kumajoni otshaba owadubula “ihashe lakhe.” Umtoli onoxanduva uye phambili, wade walungisa uKhan ngokuthi, uxolo, wamdubula entanyeni. Le ndoda ayizange icele nceba, kwaye yavuma ukuba yayikhethwa nguKhan ukuba ambulale. Kodwa waphinda wafunga ukuba, ukuba uKhan uyabusindisa ubomi bakhe, uya kuba lijoni lakhe elithembekileyo. Ukuxabisa isibindi somtoli kunye nobuchule, uGenghis wamqesha, kwaye le ndoda yaba ngumphathi omkhulu phantsi kweKhan.
16 | Ayaziwa ukuba uGenghis Khan wasweleka njani
Asazi ukuba uGenghis Khan wasweleka njani. Siyazi ukuba kwakungo-Agasti 1227, kodwa ezinye zihlala ziyimfihlakalo. Iingcamango zisuka ekuguleni, ukuwa kwihashe lakhe, okanye inxeba elibi ledabi. Wayeneminyaka emalunga nama-65 ubudala ukufa kwakhe. Ngokutsho kwemibhalo kaMarco Polo, uGenghis Khan wafa ngenxa yokulimala okubangelwa utolo emadolweni.
17 | Bafihla apho uGenghis Khan wangcwatyelwa khona ekugqibeleni
Ngokutsho kwenye intsomi, umngcwabo kaGenghis Khan wawubulala nabani na nayo nantoni na enqumla indlela yakhe ukuze ifihle apho wayengcwatywe khona ekugqibeleni. Emva kokuba ingcwaba ligqityiwe, amakhoboka awayelakha abulawa, kwaza kwabulawa namajoni awayewabulala. Enyanisweni, i-archeologists ayikazi ukuba iphi ingcwaba likaGenghis Khan. Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, iseyimfihlelo yembali engasonjululwanga.
18 | UGenghis Khan ngokwenene wayitshintsha iMozulu
UGenghis Khan wabulala abantu ngokwaneleyo ukuba bapholise umhlaba. Abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-40 babulawa nguye kunye nemikhosi yakhe, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba iindawo ezinkulu zeefama zibuyiselwe ngamahlathi, ngokufanelekileyo ukukhuhla malunga ne-700 yezigidi zeetoni zekhabhoni ukusuka emoyeni. Kubangele utshintsho lwemozulu olwenziwe ngumntu, nangona kunjalo, oku ngokuqinisekileyo ayisosisombululo sokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kodwa wenza umsebenzi omhle kakhulu ekubuyiseleni abantu emhlabeni. Kuqikelelwa ukuba unenzala emalunga nezigidi ezili-16 ephilayo namhlanje.
Iingcaphuno zikaGenghis Khan
#Caphula 1
“Ukuba uyoyika – sukuyenza, – ukuba uyayenza – sukoyika!” - Genghis Khan
#Caphula 2
"Ndisisohlwayo sikaThixo ... Ukuba ubungenzanga izono ezinkulu, uThixo ngengakhange athumele isohlwayo esinjengam kuwe." - Genghis Khan
#Caphula 3
Utolo olunye lunokwaphuka ngokulula kodwa utolo oluninzi alunakonakala. - Genghis Khan
#Caphula 4
"Isenzo esenziwa ngumsindo sisenzo esigwetyelwe ukusilela." - Genghis Khan
#Caphula 5
“Ukuba umntu akanakukwazi ukusela, usenokunxila kathathu ngenyanga; ukuba uthe wakwenza ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezithathu, unetyala; ukuba unxila kabini ngenyanga kungcono; ukuba kanye ngenyanga, oku kusancomeka ngakumbi; Ukuba ubani akaseli kwaphela, yintoni na elunge ngakumbi? Kodwa ndingayifumana phi indoda enje? Ukuba umntu onjalo ebenokufunyanwa ebeya kuba ufanelwe luzuko oluphakamileyo.” - Genghis Khan
#Caphula 6
Kwanaxa umhlobo wakho esenza into ongayithandiyo, uhlala engumhlobo wakho. - Genghis Khan
#Caphula 7
“Olona vuyo lomntu kukutyumza iintshaba zakhe.” - Genghis Khan
#Caphula 8
“Bonke abanikezelayo baya kusindiswa; nabani na onganikezeliyo kodwa achase ngomzabalazo kunye neengxabano, uya kubhangiswa. - Genghis Khan
#Caphula 9
“Ukoyisa ihlabathi ngehashe kulula; iyehla kwaye iyalawula inzima." - Genghis Khan
#Caphula 10
"Inkokeli ayinakuze yonwabe de abantu bayo bonwabe." - Genghis Khan
#Caphula 11
"Khumbula, awunabalingane ngaphandle kwesithunzi sakho." - Genghis Khan
#Caphula 12
"Abantu aboyisiweyo kumacala ahlukeneyo echibi kufuneka balawulwe kumacala ahlukeneyo echibi." - Genghis Khan
#Caphula 13
"Olona lonwabo lukhulu kukuzitshabalalisa iintshaba zakho, ukubagxotha phambi kwakho, ukubaphanga ubutyebi babo, ukubona abo babathandayo behlamba iinyembezi, ukubambelela esifubeni sakho abafazi neentombi zabo." - Genghis Khan
#Caphula 14
Akwanelanga ukuba ndiphumelele - bonke abanye kufuneka basilele. - Genghis Khan
