Ifunyenwe ngo-1995, ii-monoliths eGobekli Tepe ngokucacileyo yenye yezona mfihlakalo zembali. Xa kufunyenwe, kwabonakala ngathi kungcwatywa ngabom esantini, ngenxa yezizathu ezisaziwa nangoku.
Eyona nto ingaziwayo kukuba ukuthandana kwekhabhoni kuqikelela ukuba isiza sineminyaka ephantse ibe li-12,000 ubudala! Ukukrola ngokuchanekileyo okusetyenzisiweyo ngexesha lokwakha kunomdla ngokupheleleyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku yi-5% yesi siza esingakholelekiyo esele simbiwe. Abembi bezinto zakudala bacwangcise ukushiya uninzi lwayo lungakhange luchaphazeleke ukuze luhlolwe zizukulwana ezizayo xa ubuchwephesha bezinto zakudala buzakuphucuka.
Ukufunyanwa kweGobekli Tepe:
Abembi bezinto zakudala abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseIstanbul kunye neYunivesithi yaseChicago baqala ukufumana uGobekli Tepe ngo-1963 ngexesha lophando lwezinto zakudala. Kodwa khange bacinge ukuba yinto engaphaya kwamangcwaba aphakathi. Bafumene induli ene-slabs eyaphukileyo yelitye lekalika kwaye bengazikhathazi ngokujonga phambili, ngokuqinisekileyo ngekhe kubekho nto ngaphandle kwamathambo ambalwa abekwe ukuba aphumle kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo.
Ngo-1994, uKlaus Schmidt we-German Archaeological Institute, owayekade esebenza eNevalı Çori, wayefuna esinye isiza sokumba. Ubuyekeze uncwadi lwezinto zakudala kwindawo ejikelezileyo, wafumana ingcaciso emfutshane yabaphandi baseChicago ngo-Gobekli Tepe, wagqiba kwelokuba aphinde ayiphinde le ndawo. Akuba efumene izakhiwo ezifanayo eNevalı Çori, waqonda ukuba kungenzeka ukuba amatye kunye namatye ayengaphambi kwembali. Kunyaka olandelayo, waqala ukumba apho ngentsebenziswano neMyuziyam yase-lanlıurfa, kwaye kungekudala wavula eyokuqala yeentsika ezinkulu ezimilise ngo-T. Esi yayisisiqalo nje esinye sezona zimfihlakalo zembali.
IGobekli Tepe-Inxalenye ebangel 'umdla kwimbali:
Umda osemantla ntshona eMesopotamiya kumazantsi mpuma eTurkey, iGobekli Tepe sisiqendu esidlulisa, induli yakudala eyakhiwe ngokwamawakawaka ezakhiwo aphezu kwamabhodlo abo beza ngaphambili.
Kwinqanaba elisezantsi elaziwa njengeLayer III, eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokwakha ibuyela kwi-10,000 ukuya kwi-11,000 BC, ekupheleni kwe-Ice Age. Kwakulithuba elandulela ukuqaliswa kokubhala, izixhobo zentsimbi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwevili kummandla ngeminyaka engama-6,000. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-radiocarbon, ukuphela kwe-Layer III kunokulungiswa malunga ne-9000 BC.
Bexhobe nje ngobugcisa obulula, abakhi bamandulo babesebenzisa izixhobo zamatye ukusika ilitye lekalika libe ziintsika, nganye kuzo inobunzima obuphakathi kweetoni ezili-11 ukuya kwezingama-22. Emva koko amakhulu abantu ayakusebenza kunye ukuhambisa iintsika naphina ukusuka kwi-100-500 yeemitha ukuya kwinkimbinkimbi.
Kwisiza, amatye amakhulu ahlelwa ngamasangqa asetyhula malunga neentsika ezime nkqo, nganye nganye. Yonke intsika inamatye amabini enza ubume be-T. Ngokwesiqhelo, ziintsika ezintandathu, ezinxulunyaniswe nodonga olusezantsi, zimiselwe zijikeleze isazinge, kwaye ezimbini ezinde zembindini zimi embindini. Ezona ntsika zide zifikelela kwi-16 yeenyawo ukuphakama, kwaye ezona makhonkco makhulu ziinyawo ezingama-65 ububanzi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, phantse i-200 yeentsika zifunyenwe kwindawo yokumba.
Igalari yeGobekli Tepe:
UGobekli Tepe - Itempile Endala Kwimbali Yoluntu:
Kucingelwa ngabathile bezinto zakudala ukuba indawo ephezulu yeGobekli Tepe inokuba yayisebenza njengeziko lokomoya ngexesha layo. Kuwo wonke umhlaba kunye nexesha, abantu bonwabele ukwakha izikhumbuzo ezinkulu. Ukukunika umbono wokuba mdala kangakanani uGobekli Tepe, jonga eli xesha lilandelayo:
- Ngo-1644 AD: Ulwakhiwo kuDonga oluKhulu lwase China luphele ngobude obupheleleyo obungaphezulu kwe-20,000 km.
- 1400-1600 AD: Imoai ekwiSiqithi se-Easter yayakhiwe.
- Ngo-1372 AD: Inqaba yokuncika, ePisa, e-Itali, yagqitywa emva kweminyaka engama-200 yokwakha.
- 1113-1150 AD: IKhmer yoMzantsi-mpuma Asia yakha itempile enkulu eVishnu, eAngkor Vat.
- Ngo-200 AD: IPyramid yeLanga eTeotihuacan, eMexico yagqitywa.
- Ngo-220 BC: Ulwakhiwo kuDonga oluKhulu lwase China lwaqala.
- Ngo-432 BC: “I-apotheosis yoyilo lwakudala lwamaGrike,” iParthenon, yagqitywa.
- 3000-1500 BC: Malunga neminyaka engama-5,000 140 eyadlulayo, iqela lama-Neolithic Britons eligezayo lathatha amatye amakhulu amane eetoni ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-XNUMX ukumisa i-Stonehenge eSalisbury Plain.
- 2550-2580 BC: Ingcwaba likaFaro Khufu, iPiramidi eNkulu yaseGiza, yagqitywa. Yahlala yeyona nto inde eyenziwe ngabantu de kwaba li-1311 xa kwagqitywa iLathedral yaseLondon eNgilani.
- 4500-2000 BC: Ama-Pre-Celts asika kwaye abeka ngaphezulu kwama-3,000 amatye eCarnac, eFrance.
- 9130-8800 BC: Izakhiwo zokuqala ezingama-20 eGobekli Tepe zakhiwa, ngokukodwa, ekupheleni kwePleistocene okanye i-Ice Age.
Iimfihlakalo ezithi uGobekli Tepe Ushiye ngasemva:
I-Gobekli Tepe, eneneni enezinto ezininzi zetempile, inokuba yayiyitempile yokuqala emhlabeni eyenziwe ngumntu. Ubungqina obufunyenwe kule ndawo bubonisa ukuba yayisetyenziselwa iinjongo zonqulo. Uninzi lweentsika ezibekwe apho zisekwe kwi-T, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6 yeemitha ukuphakama, kwaye zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ezinjengeenkomo, iinyoka, iimpungutye, iikhreyithi, iingonyama, njl njl.
Into emangalisa kakhulu kukuba ezinye zeentsika zinobunzima obuphakathi kweetoni ezingama-40-60, zibangela uqikelelo lokuba kwenzeka njani kumadoda angaphambi kwembali ukuba akhe ilitye lesikhumbuzo ngelixa izixhobo ezisisiseko zazingekenziwa. Ngokwe-archeology, abantu belo xesha babethathwa njengabazingeli abangenabunkunkqele abasebenzisa izixhobo ezingacacanga ezenziwe ngamatye kwaye abangafezekisi naluphi na uhlobo lobuchwephesha obusisiseko.
Ukubaluleka kweGobekli Tepe kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba abantu ababehlala apho babephumelele kakhulu kunangaphambili. Oku kufunyanwa kwezinto zakudala kushukumisa nje 'ukuqonda kwethu okuqhelekileyo ngempucuko yoluntu' ukuya kwinqanaba.
Okwangoku, i-Astronaut Theorists yakudala ibeke umbono wabo oqinisekileyo wokuba izidalwa ezivela kwenye iplanethi zinokunceda abantu kula maxesha amandulo kwaye zabenza bakwazi ukwenza izakhiwo ezinomtsalane kungekuphela nje eTurkey, kodwa kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela.
Isiphelo:
Umntu kwakufuneka ukuba abe ngumzingeli wokuqala ngexesha lokwakha kweGobekli Tepe. Ubukho besiza njengangoku kwandulela into efundiswe yisayensi ukuba iya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo ekwakheni into kwisikali njengalezo zakhiwo. Umzekelo, indawo iyavela ngaphambi kwemihla ekuvunyelwene ngayo yoyilo lobugcisa kunye nokukrolwa. Kwangaphambi kokuba umntu asebenze ngesinyithi kunye nodongwe kodwa ubungqina bobukho bazo zonke ezi zinto.
Ingxaki ayikho kubukho bezikhumbuzo zeGobekli Tepe, eneneni, ingxaki ikulahleko, imbali yethu elahlekileyo. Ukuba sijonga emva kwimbali siyakufumanisa ukuba kukho amawakawaka eziganeko ezingaqondakaliyo ezenzeke kwiqhezu elincinci lembali yomntu. Kwaye ukuba sigcina bucala imizobo yomqolomba (engenakuwenza umahluko omkhulu), iqhezu ababhali-mbali bethu kunye nososayensi ababonakala ngathi bayalazi mhlawumbi alikho ngaphezulu kwe-3-10%.
Ababhali-mbali bafumana uninzi lwembali yakudala eneenkcukacha kwizikripthi ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye impucuko yaseMesopotamiya, ebandakanya abantu esibabiza ngokuba ngabaseSumeriya, baqala ukusebenzisa iscript esibhaliweyo ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-5,500 XNUMX eyadlulayo. "I-homomity homo sapiens" okanye homo sapiens sapiens Okokuqala yayikho kwiminyaka engama-200,000 eyadlulayo. Ke kwiminyaka engama-200k yembali yoluntu, i-195.5k ayinazincwadi. Oko kukuthi malunga ne-97% yembali yoluntu ilahlekile namhlanje. Kwaye iGobekli Tepe iyimizekelo encinci kodwa exabiseke ngokwenene ilahlekile kwimbali.
