U-Hisashi Ouchi, igcisa laselebhu eliba lixhoba elibi lenyukliya lelizwe ngexesha lengozi kwindawo yamandla enyukliya eJapan. Kuthathwa njengomba obaluleke kakhulu wesiphumo senyukliya kwimbali yethu yezonyango, apho i-Hisashi yagcinwa iphila kangangeentsuku ezingama-83 ngendlela ethile yovavanyo. Kusekho imibuzo emininzi ephathelele imigaqo yokuziphatha ephathelele unyango lwakhe, yaye owona ubalulekileyo ngulo: “Kwakutheni ukuze uHisashi Ouchi agcinwe ephila iintsuku ezingama-83 ngokuchasene nokuthanda kwakhe kwiintlungu nokubandezeleka okungaka?”
Unobangela wengozi yesibini yeNyukliya yeTokaimura
Ingozi yesiBini yeTokaimura yeNyukliya ihambisa intlekele yenyukliya eyenzeka nge-30 kaSeptemba ngo-1999, malunga ne-10: 35 kusasa, ikhokelele ekufeni kabini kwenyukliya. Yenye yeengozi zomhlaba zenyukliya ezimbi kakhulu ezenzeke kwindawo yokuhlaziya i-uranium. Lo matshini uqhutywa yiJapan Nuclear Fuel Conversion Co (JCO) ebekwe kwilali yaseTokai kwiSithili saseNaka, eJapan.
Abasebenzi abathathu beelebhu, u-Hisashi Ouchi, oneminyaka engama-35, uYutaka Yokokawa, uneminyaka engama-54, kunye noMasato Shinohara, oneminyaka engama-39, babesebenza kwilebhu kwishifti yabo ngalo mhla. U-Hisashi kunye neMasato bebendawonye belungiselela ibhetshi enokulinganiswa ye-fuel-fuel ngokudibanisa isisombululo se-uranium kwiitanki zemvula. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamava, ngempazamo bongeze ubungakanani obugqithisileyo be-uranium (malunga ne-16kg) kwenye yezo tanki efikelele kwimeko yayo embi. Ekugqibeleni, ngequbuliso, indlela yokuziphendulela yenyukliya eqala ngokuziphatha okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nengozi emanyumnyezi eyenzekileyo.
Ikamva lika-Hisashi Ouchi
Ngelishwa, u-Hisashi Ouchi wayengoyena ukufutshane kuqhushumbo oye wenzakala kakhulu. Ufumene i-17 sieverts (Sv) yemitha yemitha ngelixa i-50 mSv (1 Sv = 1000 mSv) ithathwa njengowona mthamo uphezulu uvumelekileyo wonyaka wemitha kunye neesieverts ezi-8 zithathwa njengedosi yokufa. Ngelixa, iMasato kunye neYutuka nazo zafumana iidosi ezibulalayo zeesieverts ezili-10 kunye neesieverts ezi-3 ngokulandelelanayo. Bonke bangeniswa kwangoko kwisibhedlele saseMito.
U-Hisashi wafumana i-100% yokutsha kakhulu, kwaye uninzi lwamalungu akhe angaphakathi ayonakele ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye. Ngokuothusayo ubalo lweeseli ezimhlophe emzimbeni wakhe lwalukufuphi ukuya kwi-zero, kutshabalalisa amajoni akhe omzimba onke, kwaye imitha ebulalayo nayo yatshabalalisa iDNA yakhe.
Imitha ingene kwii-chromosomes zeeseli zakhe. Ii-Chromosomes zizicwangciso zomzimba womntu eziqulathe lonke ulwazi lofuzo. Isibini ngasinye seekromosomes sinenombolo kwaye sinokucwangciswa ngokulandelelana.
Nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho lula ukulungiselela ii-chromosomes ezikhanyisiweyo zika-Hisashi. Baqhekeka bodwa kwaye abanye babo babencamathele komnye. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwee-chromosomes kwakuthetha ukuba iiseli ezintsha azizukuveliswa emva koko.
Umonakalo wemitha ubuye wabonakala emzimbeni we-Hisashi. Ekuqaleni, oogqirha babesebenzisa iiteyiphu zotyando njengesiqhelo emzimbeni wakhe. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kusiba rhoqo ngakumbi ukuba isikhumba sakhe sihluthwe kunye netape esusiweyo. Ekugqibeleni, abanakuphinda basebenzise iteyiphu yotyando.
Iiseli zolusu ezisempilweni zahlula-hlula ngokukhawuleza kwaye iiseli ezintsha zithatha indawo yezindala. Nangona kunjalo, kulusu lukaHisashi olukhanyisiweyo, iiseli ezintsha zazingasasebenzi. Ulusu lwakhe oludala lwaluya kuwa. Yayiyintlungu enkulu kulusu kunye nedabi lokulwa nosulelo.
Ukongeza, waye wakhulisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi emiphungeni yakhe kwaye waqala waba namava okuphefumla.
Yenza ntoni imitha yenyukliya emzimbeni womntu?
Ngokutsho Isizwe seZiko lezeMpilo (iThala leeNcwadi leSizwe loNyango):
Ngaphakathi kwinucleus yeseli yethu nganye yomzimba, kukho imizimba emikroskopu ebizwa ngokuba ziichromosomes ezinoxanduva lomsebenzi kunye nokuveliswa kweseli nganye emzimbeni wethu. Iichromosome zenziwe ngeemolekyuli ezimbini ezinkulu okanye imisonto yedeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Imitha yenyukliya ichaphazela iiathom emizimbeni yethu ngokususa ii-electron. Oku kwaphula amaqhina eathom kwiDNA, kuyawonzakalisa. Ukuba i-DNA ekwichromosome yonakele, imiyalelo elawula ukusebenza kweseli kunye nokuzala nayo yonakala kwaye iiseli azikwazi ukuphinda-phinda ukuze zife. Ezo zinokuphinda-phinda, zenze iiseli eziguqulweyo okanye ezonakalisiweyo ezidala umhlaza.
Uninzi lwento esiyaziyo malunga nemingcipheko yomhlaza evela kwimitha isekwe kuphononongo lwabasindileyo kwiibhombu zeathom eNagasaki naseHiroshima. Uphononongo lufumene ukonyuka komngcipheko wezi zomhlaza zilandelayo (ukusuka phezulu ukuya kumngcipheko ophantsi):
- Uninzi lweentlobo ze-leukemia (nangona ingeyiyo i-lymphocytic leukemia engapheliyo)
- Myeloma ezininzi
- Umhlaza weTyroid
- Umhlaza wesisu
- Umhlaza webele
- Umhlaza wemiphunga
- Umhlaza we-ovari
- Umhlaza weColon (kodwa hayi umhlaza we-rectal)
- Umhlaza wesisu
- Umhlaza wesisu
- Umhlaza wesifo
- Lymphoma
- Umhlaza wolusu (ngaphandle kwemelanoma)
Ukuba sesichengeni semitha ephezulu kwanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza, kodwa nezixa ezisezantsi zokusasazeka ngemitha zaye zanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko owonyukayo wokufumana nokufa ngenxa yomhlaza. Kwakungekho sithintelo sicacileyo sokuvezwa kwemitha ekhuselekileyo.
Umphumo wentlekele yenyukliya yaseTokaimura
Malunga nabantu abayi-161 abavela kumakhaya angama-39 akumgama wama-350 eemitha ukusuka kwisakhiwo esiguquliweyo bakhutshwa kwangoko. Abahlali abaphakathi kwe-10 km baceliwe ukuba bahlale ezindlwini njengenyathelo lokhuselo.
Nangona kunjalo, impendulo yetyukliya yenyukliya yaqala kwakhona njengoko isisombululo saphola kwaye i-voids yanyamalala. Ngentsasa elandelayo, abasebenzi bayimise isigxina ngokususa amanzi kwibhantshi epholisayo ejikeleze itanki yemvula. Amanzi ayesebenza njenge-reflector ye-neutron. Isisombululo se-boric acid (i-boron ekhethiweyo yeepropathi zayo zokufunxa i-neutron) yongezwa kwitanki ukuqinisekisa ukuba imixholo ihlala igcwele.
Abahlali bavunyelwa ukugoduka kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva benesanti kunye nokunye ukukhusela ukukhusela kwintsalela ye-gamma radiation, kwaye zonke ezinye izithintelo zaphakanyiswa ngononophelo.
Umsele wokugqibela-umzamo ngamaqela zonyango eziphambili ukugcina Hisashi Ouchi ephila
Usulelo lwangaphakathi kunye nomzimba ophantse ungabinalo ulusu lwalutyhefa ngokukhawuleza u-Hisashi ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngaxeshanye.
Phezu kwako nje uqhaqho-fakelo lolusu izihlandlo ezininzi, u-Hisashi waqhubeka ephulukana nolwelo lomzimba ngenxa yemingxuma yolusu lwakhe olutsha olwabangela ukuba uxinezeleko lwegazi lwakhe lungazinzi. Ngaxa lithile, uHisashi wayesopha emehlweni waza umfazi wakhe wathi kukhangeleka ngathi ebelila igazi!
Njengokuba imeko kaHisashi yayisiya isiba mandundu, iZiko leSizwe leNzululwazi ngeeRadiological eChiba, e-Chiba Prefecture, lamdlulisela kwisibhedlele iYunivesithi yaseTokyo, nalapho kwathiwa wafumana Utyando lokuqala lwehlabathi lwee-stem cell ukuze iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ziqalise ukuvelisa kwakhona emzimbeni wakhe.
Ukujikeleziswa kokufakwa kweeseli kwiipheripsi (I-PBSCT), ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "Peripheral stem cell support", yindlela yokubuyisela iiseli ezenza igazi ezonakaliswe yimitha, umzekelo, ngonyango lomhlaza. Isigulana sifumana iiseli zeziqu ngokusebenzisa i-catheter efakwe kwisitya segazi ngokubanzi esifumaneka esifubeni.
Urhulumente waseJapan wanika umba ophambili wetyala elibalulekileyo lika-Hisashi Ouchi, ngenxa yoko, iqela leengcali zonyango eziphezulu zahlanganiswa ukusuka eJapan nakwamanye amazwe ukunyanga imeko embi yemitha echaphazela u-Hisashi Ouchi. Ngeli xesha, oogqirha bamgcina ephila ngokumpompa igazi elininzi kunye nolwelo mihla le kwaye bamnyange ngamachiza asuka kwamanye amazwe asuka kwamanye amazwe.
Kuxeliwe ukuba ngexesha lonyango, u-Hisashi wacela amatyeli aliqela ukuba amkhulule kwintlungu enganyamezelekiyo kwaye wade wathi. “wayengasafuni ukuba yigwinya kwakhona!”
Kodwa yathathelwa ingqalelo njengombandela wesidima selizwe ebeka iqela lezonyango elikhethekileyo phantsi koxinzelelo. Ke ngoko, nangona u-Hisashi wayefuna ukufa, oogqirha benza konke okusemandleni ukumgcina ephila kangangeentsuku ezingama-83. Ngosuku lwe-59 lonyango, intliziyo yakhe yema kathathu kwisithuba semizuzu engama-49, eyadala umonakalo omkhulu kwingqondo nakwizintso zakhe. Oogqirha bathathe u-Hisashi kwinkxaso yobomi iphela de wasweleka ngo-Disemba 21, 1999, ngenxa yokusilela kwamalungu amaninzi.
U-Hisashi Ouchi uthathwa njengoyena mntu uchaphazelekileyo ngemitha yenyukliya kwimbali yethu yezonyango, ochithe iintsuku ezingama-83 zokugqibela zobomi bakhe kwesona sigulo sibuhlungu.
Ngaba uYutaka Yokokawa kunye noMasato Shinohara baswelekile?
Ngalo lonke ixesha lovavanyo lonyango lwe-Hisashi Ouchi, uMasato Shinohara kunye noYutaka Yokokawa nabo basesibhedlele, besilwa nokufa kwabo. Kamva, uMasato wabonakala esiba bhetele waza wakhweliswa kwisitulo sakhe esinamavili ukuze atyelele izitiya zesibhedlele ngoSuku Lonyaka Omtsha wowama-2000. Noko ke, kamva wangenwa yinyumoniya yaye imiphunga yakhe yonakaliswa yimitha yemitha. Ngenxa yoku, uMasato wayengakwazi ukuthetha ngezo mini, ngoko kwafuneka abhalele abongikazi nentsapho yakhe imiyalezo. Abanye babo bavakalisa amazwi alusizi njengathi “Mama, nceda!”, Njl
Ekugqibeleni, ngoAprili 27, 2000, uMasato wayelishiyile ihlabathi ngenxa yokusilela kwamalungu amaninzi. Kwelinye icala, uYutaka ngethamsanqa wachacha emva kokuhlala esibhedlele ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu waza wakhululwa ukuze aphile ekhaya.
Kukho incwadi enesihloko “Ukufa Kancinane: Iintsuku ezingama-83 zokugula ngemitha” kwesi siganeko sibuhlungu, apho 'u-Hisashi Ouchi' ebizwa ngokuba ngu 'Hiroshi Ouchi.' Nangona kunjalo, le ncwadi ibhala ezi ntsuku zingama-83 zonyango de kwaba kukudlula kwakhe, eneenkcazo kunye neenkcazo zetyhefu yemitha.
Uphando kunye nengxelo yokugqibela yeNgozi yesiBini yeNyukliya
Emva kokwenza uphando olunzulu, i-International Atomic Energy Agency yafumanisa ukuba unobangela wale ngozi “yayiyimpazamo yomntu nokwaphula imigaqo yezokhuseleko.” Ngokweengxelo zabo, ingozi ibangelwe xa abasebenzi abathathu belebhu besebenzisa kakhulu i-uranium ukwenza ipetroli kunye nokususa ukungalawuleki kweathom.
Ngenxa yentlekele yenyukliya, inani labantu abangama-667, kubandakanya abahlali abakufutshane kunye nabasebenzi bexesha likaxakeka babonakaliswe kwimitha.
Olunye uphando luveze ukuba abasebenzi bomzi-mveliso, obuqhutywa yi-JCO Co, bahlala bephula iinkqubo zokhuseleko, kubandakanya ukuxuba i-uranium kwiibhakethi ukwenza umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza.
Abasebenzi abathandathu, kubandakanya nomlawuli wezityalo kunye nosinde kwingozi uYutaka Yokokawa, balivumile ityala lokungakhathali okukhokelele ekufeni. Umongameli we-JCO ukwalivumile ityala egameni lenkampani.
Ngo-Matshi 2000, urhulumente wase-Japan wayirhoxisa ilayisensi ye-JCO. Yayingumqhubi wokuqala wezityalo zenyukliya ukujongana nesohlwayo phantsi komthetho waseJapan olawula amafutha enyukliya, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokuphendula. Bavumile ukuhlawula i-121 yezigidi zeedola ukuhlawula amabango angama-6,875 kubantu ababonakaliswe kwimitha kwaye bachaphazela amashishini ezolimo kunye neenkonzo.
Inkulumbuso yaseJapan u-Yoshiro Mori uvakalise amazwi ovelwano kwaye waqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uza kusebenza nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingozi efanayo ayiphinde yenzeke.
Nangona kunjalo, kamva ngo-2011, i Intlekele yenyukliya iFukushima Daiichi yenzeke eJapan, eyona ngozi ibiqatsele emhlabeni ukusukela ngo 26 Epreli 1986 Intlekele yaseChernobyl. Kwenzekile ngenxa yokusilela kobuchwephesha ngexesha lenyikima yaseTōhoku kunye ne-tsunami ngolwe-Sihlanu, nge-11 Matshi 2011.
Ingozi yokuqala yeNyukliya yeTokaimura
Kwiminyaka emibini phambi kwesi siganeko sibi, ngoMatshi 11, 1997, iNgozi yokuQala yeNyukliya yaseTokaimura yenzeka kwindawo yokucoca inyukliya ye-Dōnen (i-Power Reactor kunye ne-Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation). Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-Dōnen Accident.
Ubuncinci i-37 yabasebenzi yavezwa amanqanaba aphakamileyo emitha ngexesha lesigameko. Kwiveki nje emva komnyhadala, amagosa emozulu afumanise amanqanaba aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga e-cesium iikhilomitha ezingama-40 kumzantsi-ntshona wesityalo.
I-Cesium (Cs) sisinyithi esinegolide esine-alkali esine-melting point ye-28.5 ° C (83.3 ° F). Ikhutshiwe kwinkunkuma eveliswa zizinto zenyukliya.
Emva kokufunda ngetyala elimangalisayo lika-Hisashi Ouchi kunye namaxhoba abulawa yimitha ye-Second Tokaimura Nuclear Accident, funda malunga. "Ikamva likaDavid Kirwan: Ukufa ngokubilisa kwiqula elishushu!!"
