Lithaba tsa Himalaya, tse tsejoang hape e le "Marulelo a Lefatše", ke mokoloko o moholo oa lithaba tse fihlang bophahamong bo makatsang, tse nyamelang marung ka matsatsi a mang. Lithaba tsa Himalaya li ithorisa ka tse ling tsa litlhōrō tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, ho akarelletsa le Mount Everest e khōlōhali, e bolelele ba limithara tse 29,029 XNUMX, e leng se etsang hore e be thaba e telele ka ho fetisisa Lefatšeng. Libakeng tse phahameng joalo, moea o mosesaane, le mocheso o feteletseng. Naha e omeletse ebile e sootho, 'me ho bonahala eka esale ho le joalo ho tloha qalong ea nako. Empa ho sa tsotellehe bohōle ba lik’hilomithara tse makholo ho tloha leoatleng le haufi-ufi, mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale ea metsing e ’nile ea fumanoa libakeng tse ngata tsa Himalaya, e leng se etsang hore motho a ipotse hore na a fihlile joang moo.
Libaka tse nang le mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale tsa lithaba tsa Himalaya tse phahameng
Phula ea Spiti e India ke sebaka se tummeng sa litsebi tsa paleonto tse tsoang lefats'eng lohle. Phula ena e tletse ka bopaki bo qalileng lilemong tse limilione tse 540 tse fetileng. Metse ea Komic, Mud, Hikkim, Langza le Lalung e lutse pel'a matsoai a nang le mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale ho Spiti. Nepal, li-ammonite, tseo e leng li-cephalopods tsa metsing tse nang le likhetla, li fumanoa haufi le bethe ea Noka ea Kali Gandaki. Bahloekisi ba ileng ba hloa Thaba ea Everest ba khutlile mafika a nang le mesaletsa ea likhahla tsa leoatleng. Ho thata ho nahana hore sebaka sena se seholohali sa naha e otliloeng ke boemo ba leholimo e kile ea e-ba sebaka se setle sa leoatle, se nang le litlhapi le libōpuoa tse phelang metsing.
Na e paka hore lipale tsa Bibele tsa moroallo o moholo li nepahetse?
Ho sibolloa ha litlhapi tse entsoeng ka mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale litlhōrōng tsa Lithaba tsa Himalaya ke tšibollo e khōlō ho bo-rasaense kaha ho paka hore ka tsela e itseng metsi a kile a koahela matsoapo ana a bophahamo bo phahameng. Kutloisiso ena e bula menyetla e mecha ea ho etsa lipatlisiso ’me e bontša hore polanete ea rōna e bile le liphetoho tse khōlō historing ea eona. Khopolo ea hore Lefatshe le kile la tlala metsi e na le bohlokoa bo boholo ho bo-rahistori, baepolli ba lintho tsa khale, bo-rasaense le ba chesehelang maikutlo ka ho tšoana, 'me e eketsa kutloisisong ea mekhoa ea jeoloji le phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo. Leha ho le joalo, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho sibolloa hona ha ho hlile ha ho fane ka bopaki ba hore lipale tsa Bibele tsa moroallo o moholo li nepahetse, kaha ho na le lintlha tse ling tse ngata tse lokelang ho nahanoa.
Ho tlile joang hore mesaletsa ea lintho tse phelang metsing e qetelle e le Lithabeng tsa Himalaya?
E le hore re utloisise hore na mesaletsa ea mesaletsa ea libōpuoa tsa metsing e ile ea fella joang Lithabeng tsa Himalaya, ho hlokahala hore re hlahlobe histori ea jeoloji ea sebaka seo. Lithaba tsa Himalaya e ne e se kamehla lithaba tse telele tseo re li bonang kajeno. Lilemong tse limilione tse fetileng, ketsahalo e kholo ea jeoloji e bitsoang K'honthinente ea Continental etsahetse. Pele ho mona, lefatše leo re le tsebang le ne le le sieo. Ho e-na le hoo, ho ne ho e-na le lik’honthinente tse khōlōhali kapa naha e khōlōhali e neng e akarelletsa lik’honthinente tseo re li tsebang kajeno. India e ne e le karolo ea Gondwanaland, e neng e akarelletsa Australia, Afrika, Antarctica, India le Amerika Boroa. Lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 150 tse fetileng, India e ile ea tloha Gondwanaland 'me ea qala ho fallela leboea, ho ea Eurasia.
Leoatle la Tethys
The Leoatle la Tethys, e neng e le pakeng tsa libōpeho tsena tse peli tsa naha, e ne e le lehae la liphoofolo tse ruileng le tse sa tšoaneng tsa metsing. Ho ile ha nka lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse lekholo hore libōpeho tsena tse peli tsa lefatše li thulane, empa ha li etsa joalo, matla a maholohali a ile a etsa hore maqhama a teteaneng ka bobeli a pshatlehe, 'me a etsa lithaba tse tsoang ka tlas'a leoatle. Ho thulana ha sebaka sa Indian subcontinent le lehlabathe la Eurasia ho ile ha tsoala lithaba tsa Himalaya, e leng mokoloko o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa lithaba lefatšeng.
Le kajeno, mafika a lithabeng tsa Himalaya a tletse ka mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale tsa baahi ba kileng ba lula Leoatleng la Tethys, hammoho le mesaletsa ea mafika a likorale le limela tsa leoatleng. Ho sibolloa ha mesaletsa ena ea lintho tsa khale ho senola ’nete mabapi le tšimoloho ea lithaba tsa Himalaya. E boetse e senola hore tsela e eang marulelong a lefatše e kile ea e-ba botebong ba leoatle. Lithaba tsa Himalaya ke bopaki ba matla a hlollang a liketsahalo tsa jeoloji tse bōpileng polanete ea rōna ka lilemo tse limilione.
Ho sibolloa ha mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale tsa metsing Lithabeng tsa Himalaya ho na le litlamorao tse kholo thutong ea nalane ea Lefatše. Mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale e fumanoeng sebakeng sena e fana ka pono ea nako e fetileng le ho re thusa ho etsa setšoantšo sa hore na Lefatše le ne le shebahala joang lilemong tse limilione tse fetileng. Mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale e boetse e fana ka tlhahisoleseding ea bohlokoa mabapi le ho iphetola ha lintho tse phelang metsing le hore na e ile ea ikamahanya le maemo a fetohang ha nako e ntse e ea.
fihlela qeto e
Lithaba tsa Himalaya, ka libaka tsa tsona tse matsutla-tsutla le maemo a tsona a leholimo a feteletseng, ke sebaka seo batho ba batlang ho ithabisa ho sona ba tsoang lefatšeng ka bophara. Batho ba bangata ba tsamaeang ka maoto le ba hloa lithaba ba tla sebakeng sena ho tla latsoa monyaka oa ho hapa tse ling tsa litlhōrō tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Leha ho le joalo, ho sibolloa ha mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale tsa metsing Lithabeng tsa Himalaya ho bontša hore ho na le ho hongata sebakeng sena ho feta feela liketsahalo tse tsotehang le mesebetsi ea ho pompa adrenaline. Lithaba tsa Himalaya ke letlotlo la limakatso tsa jeoloji tse fanang ka pono ea polanete. nalane e lahlehileng nako e telele.
Qetellong, hoa hlolla ho nahana hore lithaba tse ntlehali tsa Himalaya, tse hapileng lipelo le likelello tsa batho ka lilemo tse makholo, e kile ea e-ba sebaka se atlehileng sa leoatle. Kajeno, Lithaba tsa Himalaya hase feela mohlolo oa tlhaho empa hape ke fensetere ea lintho tse hlollang tse fetileng tsa Lefatše.
