Runestone ea khale ka ho fetisisa e tsebahalang e nang le mengolo e sa hlalosoang e fumanoeng Norway

Baepolli ba lintho tsa khale ba Norway ba lumela hore ba fumane lejoe la khale ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le ngotsoeng hoo e ka bang lilemo tse 2,000 XNUMX tse fetileng, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore e be khale ka lilemo tse makholo ho feta tse sibolotsoeng pele.

Ka hoetla ka 2021, baepolli ba lintho tsa khale ba Setsi sa pokello ea nalane ea Setso ba ile ba etsa lipatlisiso ka lebitla la Tyrifjorden ho Ringerike. Ho le leng la mabitla, ba ile ba fumana lejoe le nang le mengolo e mengata ea li-runic. Masapo a cheleng le mashala a tsoang lebitleng a senola hore li-rune li ngotsoe lipakeng tsa lilemo tsa 1 le 250 AD. Sena se etsa hore e be lejoe la pele le tsebahalang la rune.

Baepolli ba lintho tsa khale ba Norway ba lumela hore ba fumane lejoe la khale ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le ngotsoeng hoo e ka bang lilemo tse 2,000 XNUMX tse fetileng.
Baepolli ba lintho tsa khale ba Norway ba lumela hore ba fumane lejoe la khale ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le ngotsoeng hoo e ka bang lilemo tse 2,000 XNUMX tse fetileng. © Credit Credit: Alexis Pantos/KHM, UiO

Lejoe lena la khale la Norway la rune le hohela tlhokomelo ea machaba har'a litsebi tsa runic le baepolli ba lintho tsa khale. Lingoliloeng li na le lilemo tse 2,000 'me li qalile matsatsing a pele a nalane e makatsang ea mongolo oa runic. Lejoe le 'nile la rehelloa ka sebaka sa ho sibolloa,' me hona joale le bitsoa lejoe la Svengerud.

Nako e pakeng tsa lilemo tse 1,800 le 2,000 tse fetileng, motho e mong o ile a ema haufi le Tyrifjorden 'me a betla li-runes ka har'a boloko ba 31 × 32 cm ea lejoe la lehlabathe la Ringerike le bofubelu bo bofubelu. Ba ne ba bua mofuta oa pele oa puo ea khale ea Nordic eo e leng puo ea baholo-holo ea lipuo tsa kajeno tsa Nordic tse buuoang Scandinavia kajeno.

Li-rune tsena li ngotsoe lipakeng tsa lilemo tsa 1 le 250 AD 'me li qalile matsatsing a khale a nalane e makatsang ea mongolo oa runic. Senepe: Alexis Pantos/KHM, UiO.
Li-rune tsena li ngotsoe lipakeng tsa lilemo tsa 1 le 250 AD 'me li qalile matsatsing a khale a nalane e makatsang ea mongolo oa runic. © Credit Credit: Alexis Pantos/KHM, UiO.

Mosali ea bitsoang Idibera?

Na lebitso le ngotsoe lejoeng la motho ea patiloeng moo? Sefahlehong se ka pele sa lejoe, li-rune tse robeli li hlahella ka ho hlaka har'a mengolo e meng. E fetoletsoe ho litlhaku tsa Selatine tseo ba li peletang: idiberug. Na lejoe le etselitsoe Idibera? Kapa na sepheo e ne e le ho ngola lebitso 'Idibergu' kapa lebitso la leloko 'Idiberung'?

Mekhoa ea ho ngola mengolo ea khale ea rune e ne e fapane haholo, 'me puo e fetohile haholo ho tloha ha li-rune tsena li betloa ho fihlela Mehleng ea Viking le Mehla e Bohareng. Ka hona, ho hlalosa melaetsa e holim'a lejoe ke phephetso.

Ho ngola ka ho bapala?

Lejoe le na le mefuta e mengata ea mengolo. Mela e meng e etsa mohlala oa marang-rang, ho na le lipalo tse nyenyane tsa zigzag le matšoao a mang a thahasellisang. Ha se bohle ba nang le moelelo oa puo, 'me motho a ka ba le maikutlo a hore ho na le motho ea etsisitseng, o hlahlobile kapa o bapala ka ho ngola. Mohlomong 'metli o ne a le mothating oa ho ithuta ho betla li-rune.

Li-rune tsena li ngotsoe lipakeng tsa lilemo tsa 1 le 250 AD 'me li qalile matsatsing a khale a nalane e makatsang ea mongolo oa runic.
© Credit Credit: Alexis Pantos/KHM, UiO

Ho ntse ho e-na le lipatlisiso tse ngata tse lokelang ho etsoa lejoeng la Svengerud, empa ntle ho pelaelo, litsebi li tla fumana tsebo ea bohlokoa ka histori ea pele ea ho ngola runic le tloaelo ea ho etsa majoe a rune.

Alfabeta ea eona

Runes ke mofuta oa khale ka ho fetisisa o tsejoang oa ho ngola naheng ea Norway. Rea tseba hore li-runes li ne li sebelisoa ka mokhoa o tsoelang pele ho tloha qalong ea Mehla e Tloaelehileng le ho pholletsa le Mehla ea Viking le Mehla e Bohareng. Alfabeta ea runic e bitsoa futhark, hobane li-runes tse tšeletseng tsa pele ke "fu th ark". Lejoeng la Svingerud re boetse re fumana mongolo o nang le li-runes tse tharo tsa pele tsa alfabeta ᚠ (f), ᚢ (u) le ᚦ (th).

Lialfabeta tsa Runic
Lialfabeta tsa Runic © Wikimedia Commons

Runes ke matšoao a ngotsoeng a emelang melumo e fapaneng. Tse ling li shebahala joaloka litlhaku tse kholo tsa Selatine, tse kang ᛒ (B). Li-rune tse ling li tšoana le litlhaku tsa Selatine, empa li emela molumo o fapaneng: ᛖ = e. Tse ling ha li tšoane le litlhaku tseo re li sebelisang kajeno: ᛈ e supa leq. Mongolo oa runic o kanna oa bululeloa ke alfabeta ea Selatine, empa tšimoloho ea eona ha e tsejoe hantle. Ba qapileng mongolo ba ile ba fa li-runes mokhoa oa bona oa ho sotha le ho fetola tatellano ea litlhaku.

Musiamo oa Histori ea Setso o entse ho epolloa ha lintho tsa khale tsa sebaka sa lepato se Hole e le karolo ea Nts'etsopele e reriloeng ea Nye Veier AS ea litsela le terene (Ringeriksporteføljen) lipakeng tsa Sandvika le Hønefoss.

Runestone e tla bontšoa Musiamong oa Histori ea Setso ho Oslo ho tloha ka la 21 Pherekhong ho fihlela la 26 Hlakola.


Sehlooho sena se hatisoa hape Musiamo oa Histori tlasa tumello ea Creative Commons. E bale sehlooho sa pele.