Lisebelisoa tsa lilemo tse 500,000 ka lehaheng la Poland e ka 'na eaba e ne e le tsa mefuta e sa feleng ea li-hominid.

Liphuputso li fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba tšelela Europe bohareng pele ho moo ho neng ho nahanoa.

 

Lisebelisoa tsa majoe li thehile lilemo tse halofo ea milione sebakeng seo hona joale e leng Poland e ka 'na eaba e ne e le mosebetsi oa mefuta e sa feleng ea hominid e bitsoang Homo heidelbergensis, eo ho nahanoang hore ke moholo-holo oa ho qetela oa Neanderthals le batho ba kajeno. Nakong e fetileng, bafuputsi ba ne ba sa tsebe hantle hore na batho ba fihlile Europe bohareng ka ntlha ena ea histori, kahoo tšibollo e ncha e ka fana ka leseli le lecha mabapi le tatellano ea liketsahalo tsa katoloso ea rona ho pholletsa le sebaka seo.

Lintho tse entsoeng ka lejoe la majoe tse tsoang lehaheng la Tunel Wielki, tse entsoeng lilemong tse halofo ea milione tse fetileng mohlomong ke Homo heildelbergensis.
Lintho tse entsoeng ka lejoe la majoe tse tsoang lehaheng la Tunel Wielki, tse entsoeng lilemong tse halofo ea milione tse fetileng mohlomong ke Homo heildelbergensis. © Małgorzata Kot

"Batho ba Europe Bohareng ka li-hominids tsa Middle Pleistocene ho ka phehisana khang haholo, haholo-holo ka lebaka la maemo a leholimo a thata le a tikoloho a hlokang hore ho be le liphetoho tsa setso le tsa sebopeho," hlalosa bangoli ba boithuto bo bocha mabapi le lintho tse entsoeng ka matsoho. Haholo-holo, ba hlokomela hore bopaki ba ho lula ha batho ka leboea ho Lithaba tsa Carpathian nakong ena bo fokola haholo, haholo-holo ka lebaka la bothata boo li-hominids tsa khale li neng li tla tobana le tsona ha li leka ho tšela moeli.

Lisebelisoa tse ka ’nang tsa fetola tlaleho ena bocha li ile tsa fumanoa lehaheng la Tunel Wielki, ka leboea ho Kraków. E ile ea epolloa ka lekhetlo la pele ka bo-1960, lehaha le na le mesaletsa ea mesebetsi ea batho eo qalong ho neng ho nahanoa hore ha e fete lilemo tse 40,000.

Monyako oa Cave Tunel Wielki naheng ea Poland.
Monyako oa Cave Tunel Wielki naheng ea Poland. © Miron Bogacki/Univesithi ea Warsaw

Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a ho hlokomela hore liphoofolo tse ling tse setseng ka har'a lehaha li ne li bonahala li le lilemo tse makholo a likete, baepolli ba lintho tsa khale ba ile ba etsa qeto ea ho khutlela setšeng ka 2018. Ho cheka mobu ka botebo ho feta ho epolloa ha pele, bafuputsi ba ile ba fumana likarolo tsa sediment. e neng e e-na le masapo a liphoofolo tse phetseng lilemong tse pakeng tsa 450,000 550,000 le XNUMX XNUMX tse fetileng.

Har'a tsena ho ne ho e-na le li-carnivores tse 'maloa tse seng li felile, ho akarelletsa le "Lycaon lycaonoides e kholo" - mofuta o moholo oa lintja tse hlaha tse ileng tsa nyamela ho tloha Europe bohareng lilemong tse 400,000 tse fetileng. Libatana tse ling tse tšabehang tsa boholo-holo tse kang jaguar ea Eurasia, phiri ea Mosbach, le mofuta oa bere ea lehaheng e bitsoang Ursus deningeri kaofela li ile tsa fumanoa li lutse ka lehaheng nakong ena.

Leha ho le joalo, se khahlisang ka ho fetesisa ke hore bafuputsi ba ile ba sibolla lintho tse entsoeng ka lejoe la majoe tse 40 ka har'a moalo o le mong oa sediment, e leng se bontšang hore lisebelisoa tsena li entsoe nakong eona ena historing. Ka hona, lilemo tsa bona li fana ka maikutlo a hore mohlomong li entsoe ke H. heidelbergensis, e neng e lula libakeng tse ling ho pholletsa le Europe ka nako ena.

Mohlala oa lisebelisoa tse fumanoeng Cave Tunel Wielki. Bafuputsi ba re lintho tsena tse entsoeng ka matsoho li na le lilemo tse halofo ea milione
Mohlala oa lisebelisoa tse fumanoeng Cave Tunel Wielki. Bafuputsi ba re lintho tsena tse entsoeng ka matsoho li na le lilemo tse halofo ea milione li le teng © Małgorzata Kot

Leha ho le joalo, le hoja libaka tse ling tse haufi tseo batho ba neng ba lula ho tsona ho tloha nakong eo e ne e le libaka tsa bolulo tse bulehileng, ena ke ea pele ea ho behoa ka har’a lehaha.

"Re ile ra makala hore ebe lilemong tse halofo ea milione tse fetileng batho ba sebakeng sena ba ne ba lula mahaheng, hobane tseo e ne e se libaka tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa ho hloma liahelo," ho hlalositse sengoli sa boithuto Małgorzata Kot polelong. “Mongobo le mocheso o tlase li ka nyahamisa seo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lehaha ke setšabelo sa tlhaho. Ke sebaka se koetsoeng se fanang ka maikutlo a tšireletso. Re fumane mesaletsa e ka ’nang ea bontša hore batho ba neng ba lula moo ba ne ba sebelisa mollo, oo mohlomong o thusitseng ho thapisa libaka tsena tse lefifi le tse mongobo.”

Le hoja liphuputso tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba ne ba kene Carpathians ka lilemo tse ka bang 500,000 tse fetileng, Kot o itse mohlomong ba ka be ba sa khona ho phela libakeng tse phahameng ho feta Tunel Wielki. “Ho e-na le hoo ho ka etsahala hore ebe ba ile ba leba hōle le leboea,” a hlalosa. "Mohlomong re moeling o ka leboea oa ho pholoha ha bona."

Hona joale bafuputsi ba na le tšepo ea ho tiisa maikutlo a bona ka ho fumana masapo a H. heidelbergensis sebakeng sa Tunel Wielki. Ka bomalimabe, ha ba e-s'o khone ho tseba hore na hominid e ntse e le joang ka har'a lehaha hobane liphatsa tsa lefutso tseo ba nang le tsona ha lia ka tsa phela.


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