Laeborari ea Ashurbanipal: Laeborari ea Khale ka ho Fetisisa e Tsejoang e Bululetseng Laeborari ea Alexandria

Lilemong tsa bo-1850, baepolli ba lintho tsa khale ba Kuyunjik, Iraq, ba ile ba sibolla letlotlo la matlapa a letsopa a ngotsoeng ka mongolo oa lekholong la bo7 la lilemo BC. “Libuka” tsa khale e ne e le tsa Ashurbanipal, ea neng a busa mmuso wa boholo-holo wa Assyria ho tloha ka 668 BC ho isa ho 630 BC. E ne e le morena oa ho qetela e moholo oa ’Muso oa Neo-Assyria.

Assurbanipal joalo ka Moprista ea Phahameng — Ashurbanipal joalo ka Moprista ea Phahameng. O boleloa ka Bibeleng e le Asenapper. Ashurbanipal e bile morena oa pele oa Assyria ea tsebang ho bala le ho ngola. Baassyria, bao hamorao ba ileng ba bitswa Basyria, ba ile ba tshwara mmuso wa bona ka dilemo tse sekete le makgolo a mararo. Ashurbanipal, morena oa ho qetela oa bohlokoa oa Assyria, e ne e le setsebi litabeng tsa ho palama lipere, litšoantšo tse betliloeng le ho palama lipere, hape o ne a ipabola boemong ba ho fokotsa oli. © Mohloli oa setšoantšo: Wikimedia Commons (Public Domain)

Har’a lingoliloeng tse fetang 30,000 XNUMX (matlapana a mongolo oa cuneiform) ho ne ho e-na le libuka tsa histori, litokomane tsa tsamaiso le tsa molao (tse buang ka mangolo a tsoang linaheng lisele le litšebelisano, liphatlalatso tsa bahlomphehi le litaba tsa lichelete), libuka tsa bongaka; “ea boselamose” libuka tse ngotsoeng ka letsoho le lingoliloeng, ho kenyeletsoa le "Epic of Gilgamesh". Tse ling kaofela li ne li bua ka bonohe, lipontšo tsa se tlang, mantsoe a boloi le lifela tsa melimo e sa tšoaneng.

Letlapa le nang le karolo ea Epic ea Gilgamesh — Letlapa lena la letsopa le ngotsoe ka karolo e 'ngoe ea Epic ea Gilgamesh. E ka 'na eaba e utsoitsoe sebakeng sa histori pele e rekisetsoa musiamo oa Iraq. © Credit Credit: Farouk Al-Rawi

Laeborari eo e ne e etselitsoe lelapa la borena, ’me e ne e e-na le pokello ea botho ea morena, empa e ne e boetse e buletsoe baprista le litsebi tse hlomphuoang. Laeborari eo e ile ea rehelloa ka morena Ashurbanipal.

Laebrari ea Ashurbanipal — Lingoliloeng tse bokelletsoeng li ne li bua ka bongaka, bolepi ba linaleli le lingoliloeng. Matlapa a fetang 6,000 XNUMX a sibollotsoeng a ne a le mabapi le melao, mangolo a tsoang linaheng lisele le lipuisano, liphatlalatso tsa maemo a phahameng le litaba tsa lichelete. Tse ling kaofela li ne li bua ka bonohe, lipontšo tsa se tlang, mantsoe a boloi le lifela tsa melimo e sa tšoaneng. © Image Credit: takombibelot | Flickr (Letlapa la Sechaba)

Litemana li na le "bohlokoa bo ke keng ba lekanngoa" thutong ea litso tsa khale tsa Bochabela bo Hare, ho ea ka Musiamo oa Brithani, moo likotoana tse ngata tsa Laebrari ea Ashurbanipal li leng teng hona joale.

Laebrari e hahiloe karolong e ka leboea ea Iraq ea kajeno, haufi le motse oa Mosul. Thepa e tsoang laebraring e fumanoe ke Sir Austen Henry Layard, motsamai oa Lenyesemane, le moepolli oa lintho tsa khale, sebakeng sa baepolli ba lintho tsa khale sa Kouyunjik, Ninive.

Austen Henry Layard (1883) © Wikimedia Commons (Public Domain)

Ho ea ka likhopolo-taba tse ling, Laeborari ea Alexandria e bululetsoe ke Laebrari ea Ashurbanipal. Alexander e Moholo o ile a tšeha ke eona ’me a batla ho theha e ’ngoe ’musong oa hae. O ile a qala morero o ileng oa phethoa ke Ptolemy ka mor'a lefu la Alexandere.

Laeborari ea Ashurbanipal: Laeborari ea khale ka ho fetisisa e tsebahalang e bululetseng Laeborari ea Alexandria 1 — Phetolelo ea bonono ea lekholong la boXNUMX la lilemo ea Laebrari ea Alexandria ke moetsi oa litšoantšo oa Lejeremane O. Von Corven, e ipapisitseng le bopaki ba baepolli ba lintho tsa khale bo neng bo le teng ka nako eo © Wikimedia Commons.

Boholo ba lingoliloeng li ne li ngotsoe haholo-holo ka Seakkadia ka mongolo oa cuneiform ha tse ling li ngotsoe ka Seassyria. Boholo ba thepa ea pele e senyehile 'me ha e khonehe ho tsosolosoa. Bongata ba matlapa le liboto tsa ho ngolla ke likotoana tse senyehileng haholo.

Matlapa a letsopa a Assyria ea boholo-holo a tsoang laebraring ea borena ea Morena Ashurbanipal sebakeng sa thuto ea khale ea khale Setsing sa polokelo ea lintho tsa khale sa British Museum, London. © Credit Credit: Bernard Bialorucki | Dreamstime (ID 175741942)

Ashurbanipal e ne e boetse e le setsebi se hloahloa sa lipalo hape e le e mong oa Marena a ’maloa haholo a neng a khona ho bala mongolo oa cuneiform ka Seakkadia le Sesumeri. Lengolong le leng, o ile a re:

“’Na, Assurbanipal ka har’a (ntlo ea borena), ke ile ka hlokomela bohlale ba Nebo, le matlapa ’ohle a ngotsoeng le a letsopa, liphiri tsa bona le mathata ao ke a rarollotseng.”

Mongolo o mong ho e ’ngoe ea litemana tseo o lemosa hore haeba leha e le mang a utsoa matlapa a eona (laebraring), melimo e tla “Mo lahlele fatše” 'me “hlakola lebitso la hae, peo ya hae, lefatsheng.”

Ho phaella mosebetsing o tsoileng matsoho "Epic ea Gilgamesh" tšōmo ea Adapa, tšōmo ea pōpo ea Babylona "Ema Eliš," le lipale tse kang “Motho ea futsanehileng oa Nippur” e ne e le tse ling tsa liepic tsa bohlokoa le litšōmo tse fumanoeng Laebraring ea Ashurbanipal.

Ho oa ha Ninive, John Martin — Ho oa ha Ninive, e entsoeng ke John Martin (1829), e bululetsoeng ke thothokiso ea Edwin Atherstone © Image Source: むーたんじょ | Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Bo-rahistori ba fihletse qeto ea hore laeborari ea nalane e chesitsoe mollong ka 612 BC ha Ninive e timetsoa. Leha ho le joalo, mollong oo matlapa a ile a bolokoa ka mokhoa o makatsang bakeng sa lilemo tse likete tse peli tse latelang ho fihlela a sibolloa hape ka 1849.

MOSEBETSI OA TSEBA