Menehune ea Hawaii: Morabe oa khale kapa pale ea tšōmo?

Ho boleloa hore Menehune ke morabe oa boholo-holo oa batho ba boemo bo bonyenyane ba neng ba lula Hawaii pele bahlaseli ba Polynesia ba fihla. Bafuputsi ba bangata ba amahanya Menehune le meaho ea boholo-holo e fumanoeng Lihlekehlekeng tsa Hawaii. Leha ho le joalo, ba bang ba ’nile ba tiisa hore meetlo ea Menehune ke litšōmo tsa batho ba ka mor’a Europe le hore ha ho morabe o joalo o neng o le teng.

Menhune
The Menhune. © Credit Credit: serurubele

Tšōmo ea Menehune e qalile tšimolohong ea histori ea Polynesia. Ha Mapolynesia a pele a fihla Hawaii, a ile a fumana matamo, matangoana a litlhapi, litsela, esita le litempele tse hahiloeng ke Menehune, bao e neng e le litsebi tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho. E meng ea meaho ena e ntse e eme, 'me ho ka bonoa bokhabane bo hloahloa haholo.

Ho ea ka neano, Menehune e mong le e mong e ne e le setsebi sa mosebetsi o itseng 'me o ne a phetha karolo e le' ngoe e ikhethang ka ho nepahala le bokhoni bo tsotehang. Ba ne ba tla ea lefifing ho theha ntho ka bosiu bo le bong, 'me haeba ba sa atlehe, morero oo o ne o tla tloheloa.

Bafuputsi ba bang, ba kang setsebi sa folklorist Katharine Luomala, ba nahana hore Menehune e ne e le bajaki ba pele ba Hawaii, ba tsoang lihlekehlekeng tsa Marquesas tseo ho neng ho nahanoa hore li ne li hapile Lihlekehleke tsa Hawaii pakeng tsa 0 le 350 AD.

Ha tlhaselo ea Tahiti e etsahala ka 1100 AD, bajaki ba pele ba ile ba haptjoa ke Matahiti, a neng a bitsa baahi e le 'manahune' (e bolelang 'batho ba tlaase' kapa 'boemo bo tlaase sechabeng' 'me ha e amane le boholo bo fokolang). Ba ile ba balehela lithabeng 'me qetellong ba bitsoa 'Menehune.' Khopolo ena e tšehetsoa ke palo ea sechaba ea 1820 e ileng ea khetholla batho ba 65 e le Menehune.

Ho ea ka Luomala, Menehune ha e buuoe ka litšōmo tsa pele ho puisano, ka hona lentsoe lena ha le bue ka morabe oa khale oa batho. Leha ho le joalo, khang ena e fokola hobane lipale tse ngata tsa histori li ne li fetisetsoa molokong o mong ho ea ho o mong ka molomo.

Haeba Luomala le bafuputsi ba bang kampong ea hae ba nepile, 'me ho ne ho se na morabe oa boholo-holo oa litsebi tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho pele ho Mapolynesia, joale ho tlameha ho be le tlhaloso e' ngoe bakeng sa mehaho ea khale ea meralo e tsoetseng pele e bileng teng pele ho baahi leha e le bafe ba tsejoang Hawaii.

Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na litlhaloso tse ling tse teng, ’me libuka tse ngata tsa histori li tsoela pele ho tiisa hore Mapolynesia e bile bona baahi ba pele ba Hawaii lilemong tse 1,500 XNUMX tse fetileng. Kahoo, a re shebeng tse ling tsa meaho ea khale e hokahaneng le Menehune ea setso sa sebaka seo.

Niumalu, Kauai's Alekoko Fishpond Wall

Menehune ea Hawaii: Morabe oa khale kapa pale ea tšōmo? 1
Alekoko, Kauai: Menehune Fishpond. © Mokoloto oa Litšoantšo: Kauai.com

Letša la Litlhapi la Alekoko, le tsejoang hape e le Menehune Fishpond, ke mohlala o ka sehloohong oa temo ea metsing ea khale ea Hawaii. Ho ile ha hahoa lerako la seretse se bolelele ba limithara tse 900 pakeng tsa letamo le Nōka ea Hulei'a e le hore ho hahoe letamo ka mose ho nōka e le hore ho ka tšoara lihlapi tsa bana ho fihlela li hola hoo li ka li jang. . Majoe a sebelisitsoeng a ne a tsoa motseng oa Makaweli, o bohole ba limaele tse 274 (25 kilometers). E nkuoa e le ts'ebetso e sa hlaloseheng ea tekheniki mme e kenyellelitsoe ho Ngoliso ea Naha ea Libaka tsa Histori ka 40.

Ho ea ka setso sa Hawaii, letamo le entsoe ka bosiu bo le bong ke Menehune, ea ileng a theha mohala oa kopano ho tloha sebakeng sa letamo la litlhapi ho ea Makaweli, a fetisa majoe ka bonngoe ho tloha qalong ho fihlela qetellong.

Sebaka sa Mokete sa Necker Island

Menehune ea Hawaii: Morabe oa khale kapa pale ea tšōmo? 2
Heiau e Mokumanamana (Necker Island). © Credit Credit: Papahanaumokuakea.gov

Lihlekehleke tsa Northwestern Hawaiian li kenyelletsa Necker Island. Ho na le mesaletsa e fokolang ea mosebetsi oa nako e telele oa batho. Leha ho le joalo, sehlekehleke sena se na le libaka tse 52 tsa baepolli ba lintho tsa khale, ho kopanyelletsa le 33 ceremonial heiaus (basalt upright stones) eo ho boleloang hore e sekametse leholimong, hammoho le lintho tsa majoe tse tšoanang le tse bonoang Lihlekehlekeng tse khōlō tsa Hawaii.

Meetso ea heiau e fapana hanyane, empa e lula e kenyelletsa lipolanete tse khutlonnetsepa, makhotla le majoe a otlolohileng. E 'ngoe ea libaka tsena tsa mekete ke limithara tse 18.6 le 8.2 ka boholo. Majoe a leshome le motso o mong a otlolohileng, ao ho nahanoang hore a emela a pele a 19, a sala a eme.

Litsebi tse ngata tsa thuto ea batho li nahana hore sehlekehleke sena e ne e le sebaka sa bolumeli le meetlo. Necker Island e ne e le sehalalelo sa ho qetela se tsebahalang sa Menehune, ho ea ka lipale le meetlo ea baahi ba Kauai, e ka boroa-bochabela.

Ka mor'a ho qobelloa ho tloha Kaua'i ke batho ba matla ba Polynesia, Menehune e ile ea lula Necker 'me ea theha mehaho e mengata ea majoe moo, ho ea ka tšōmo.

Ho tlalehoa hore maeto a sehlekehlekeng sena a qalile lilemo tse makholo a ’maloa ka mor’a hore Lihlekehleke tse khōlō tsa Hawaii li rarolloe ’me li phetheloe lilemo tse makholo a ’maloa pele ho kopano ea Europe.

Waimea, Kauai's Kakaola Sekoti

Menehune ea Hawaii: Morabe oa khale kapa pale ea tšōmo? 3
Kikiaola e shebaneng le majoe. © Credit Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Kkaola ke kanale ea khale ea nosetso sehlekehlekeng sa Kauai, haufi le Waimea. E ile ea behoa ho Register ea Naha ea Libaka tsa Histori ka la 16 Pulungoana, 1984, joalo ka Menehune Ditch. Baahi ba Hawaii ba ile ba haha ​​liforo tse ’maloa tse koloiloeng ka majoe bakeng sa ho nosetsa matangoana bakeng sa ho hlahisa taro ( kalo ), le hoja lejoe le betliloeng le ne le sebelisoa ka seoelo ho kolokisa liforo.

Litšiea tse 120 tse sehiloeng ka makhethe tsa basalt tse kolokang limithara tse 200 tsa lebota le ka ntle la Menehune Ditch li le phahamisetsa boemong ba “tlhōrō ea liforo tse pel’a majoe,” joalokaha moepolli oa lintho tsa khale Wendell C. Bennett a bolela. Ho boleloa hore e hahiloe ke Menehune.

Ha ho masapo a motho a kileng a fumanoa Kaua'I kapa sehlekehlekeng sefe kapa sefe sa Hawaii ho fihlela joale. Leha sena se sa qhelele ka thoko ho ba teng ha morabe oa batho ba nyenyefatsang, se tiisa bonnete ba tšōmo ena.

Leha ho le joalo, ho na le bopaki bo kholisang, ba baepolli ba lintho tsa khale le lipale tse fapa-fapaneng tse fetisitsoeng melokong eohle, tse bontšang hore ho ne ho e-na le morabe oa boholo-holo oa batho ba nang le litsebo tse phahameng tse neng li lula lihlekehlekeng tsa Hawaii nako e telele pele Mapolynesia a fihla.