Saddexda weji hooyo ee hore ee Masaarida ayaa lagu muujiyey dib-u-dhis yaab leh

Sidee u ekaayeen Masaaridii hore 2,000 oo sano ka hor? Ma waxay lahaayeen maqaar madow iyo timo curdan? Shaybaar ku yaal Virginia ayaa si guul leh u sameeyay wejiyada saddex hooyooyinkood iyagoo isticmaalaya DNA-da.

Qarsoodigii hore ee Masar waxay sii wadaan inay soo jiitaan dadka adduunka oo dhan. Ahraamta astaanta u ah, hieroglyphs adag, iyo caadooyinka aaska ee kakan ayaa qabsaday mala-awaalka saynisyahannada iyo taariikhyahannada sannado badan.

Sphinx iyo Piramids, Masar
Sphinx iyo Piramids, Wonder of the World ee caanka ah, Giza, Masar. © Anton Aleksenko/Riyada wakhtiga

Hadda, annagoo kaashanayna tignoolajiyada horumarsan, waxaan heli karnaa muuqaal ah sida ay u ekaayeen dadkii xilligaasi jiray. Bishii Sebtembar 2021, saynisyahannadu waxay daaha ka qaadeen wejiyada dib loo dhisay ee saddex nin oo Masar hore ku noolaa in ka badan 2,000 oo sano ka hor iyaga oo adeegsanaya tignoolajiyada dhijitaalka ah, taas oo noo oggolaanaysa inaan u aragno sidii ay u eegi lahaayeen markay 25 jir ahaayeen.

Habkan faahfaahsan, kaas oo ku tiirsan xogta DNA ee laga soo saaray kooda haraaga mummaysan, ayaa cilmi-baarayaasha siisay daaqad cusub oo nolosha ah Masaaridii hore.

Saddexda weji hooyo ee hore ee Masaarida ayaa lagu muujiyey dib-u-dhis yaab leh 1
Dib u dhiska forensic ee mummies JK2911, JK2134 iyo JK2888. © Parabon NanoLabs

Muumiyaadan waxay ka yimaadeen Abusir el-Meleq, oo ah magaalo qadiimi ah oo Masar ah oo ku taal meel daad ah koonfurta Qaahira, waxaana la aasay intii u dhaxaysay 1380 BC iyo AD 425. Saynisyahano ka tirsan Machadka Max Planck ee Sayniska Taariikhda Aadanaha ee Tübingen, Jarmalka. isku xigxigay DNA-da mummies 2017; waxay ahayd dib-u-dhiskii ugu horreeyay ee lagu guulaysto ee genome-kii hooyo ee Masridii hore.

Baarayaasha goobta Parabon NanoLabs, a DNA Shirkadda tignoolajiyada ee Reston, Virginia, waxay adeegsatay xogta hidaha si ay u abuurto moodooyinka 3D ee wejiyada mummieska iyada oo adeegsanaysa falanqeynta DNA-da ee forensic-ka ah, taas oo adeegsata falanqaynta hidde-sidaha si loo saadaaliyo qaabka wejiga iyo dhinacyada kale ee muuqaalka muuqaalka qofka.

"Tani waa markii ugu horeysay oo muuqaal DNA ah oo dhamaystiran lagu sameeyo DNA-da da'daan," wakiilada Parabon ayaa ku yiri bayaan. Parabon ayaa shaaca ka qaaday wejiyada hooyooyinka Sebtember 15, 2021, kulanka 32aad ee caalamiga ah ee aqoonsiga aadanaha ee Orlando, Florida.

Sawir-qaade, qalab wax-ku-dhigid ah oo ay sameeyeen saynisyahannadu, ayaa loo adeegsaday si loo go'aamiyo abtirsiimada qofka, midabka maqaarka, iyo astaamaha wejiga. Sida lagu sheegay bayaanka. nimanku waxay lahaayeen maqaar khafiif ah oo madow oo indho madow iyo timo madow leh; Hal-abuurkooda hidde-sidaha waxa uu uga dhowaa kan bini'aadamka casriga ah ee ku sugan badda Mediterranean-ka ama Bariga Dhexe marka loo eego kuwa Masaarida casriga ah.

Cilmi baadhayaashu waxay markaa abuureen meshes 3D kuwaas oo qeexaya muuqaalada wejiga hooyooyinka, iyo sidoo kale khariidadaha kulaylka ee muujinaya kala duwanaanshaha saddexda shakhsi iyo nadiifinta faahfaahinta weji kasta. Natiijooyinka waxaa markaas isku daray fannaaniinta baarista ee Parabon iyo saadaasha Snapshot ee ku saabsan maqaarka, isha, iyo midabka timaha.

Sida laga soo xigtay Ellen Greytak, agaasimaha Parabon ee bioinformatics, la shaqeeya DNA qadiimiga aadanaha Waxay noqon kartaa caqabad laba sababood dartood: DNA-da inta badan aad bey u liidataa, waxaana badanaa lagu qasaa DNA-da bakteeriyada. "Labadaas arrimood inta u dhaxaysa, tirada DNA-da bini'aadamka ee la heli karo ee isku xigxiga waxay noqon kartaa mid aad u yar," ayuu yidhi Greytak.

Saddexda weji hooyo ee hore ee Masaarida ayaa lagu muujiyey dib-u-dhis yaab leh 2
© Jaamacadda California San Francisco

Saynis yahanadu uma baahna genome buuxa si ay u helaan sawirka jidhka sababtoo ah inta badan DNA-da waxaa wadaaga dhammaan aadanaha. Hase yeeshe, waxay u baahan yihiin oo kaliya inay falanqeeyaan dhibco gaar ah oo ku jira genome-ka kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dadka, oo loo yaqaanno hal nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Marka loo eego Greytak, qaar badan oo ka mid ah SNP-yadan ayaa u codeeya kala duwanaanshaha jireed ee u dhexeeya shakhsiyaadka.

Saddexda weji hooyo ee hore ee Masaarida ayaa lagu muujiyey dib-u-dhis yaab leh 3
Khariidadaha kulaylka ee wejiyada kala duwan ayaa u sahlay saynisyahannadu inay hagaajiyaan tafaasiisha oo ay muujiyaan kala duwanaanshaha astaamaha mummieska. © Parabon NanoLabs

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira xaalado marka DNA-da hore aysan ku jirin SNPs ku filan si loo tilmaamo sifo gaar ah. Xaaladahan oo kale, saynisyahannadu waxay ka soo saari karaan walxaha hidde-side ka maqan qiyamka SNP-yada ku xeeran, sida ay sheegtay Janet Cady, saynis yahanka Parabon bioinformatics.

Tirakoobyada laga soo xisaabiyay kumanaan genomes ayaa muujinaya sida xooggan ee SNP kasta uu ula xiriiro deris maqan, Cady ayaa sharraxay. Cilmi-baarayaashu waxay markaa abuuri karaan qiyaas xisaabeed oo ku saabsan waxa SNP maqan. Nidaamyada loo adeegsaday mummiyiintii hore waxay sidoo kale ka caawin karaan saynisyahannada inay dib u dhisaan wejiyada si ay u aqoonsadaan meydadka casriga ah.

Ilaa hadda, sagaal ka mid ah qiyaastii 175 xaaladood oo qabow oo cilmi-baarayaasha Parabon ay ka caawiyeen inay xalliyaan adeegsiga abtirsiinta hidde-raaca ayaa la darsay iyadoo la adeegsanayo hababka daraasaddan.

Runtii waa wax aad u xiiso badan in la arko shakhsiyaadkaas oo dib loo soo nooleeyay 2,000 oo sano ka dib iyadoo la adeegsanayo xogta DNA-ga iyo farsamada casriga ah.

Faahfaahinta iyo saxnaanta dib-u-dhiska ayaa runtii ah mid cajiib ah, waxaanan ku faraxsanahay inaan aragno sida horumarka tignoolajiyada mustaqbalka uu nooga caawin karo inaan si wanaagsan u fahanno. awoowayaasheen hore. 


Macluumaad dheeraad ah: Parabon® waxay dib u abuurtaa Wajiyada Hooyada Masaarida ee DNA-da Qadiimiga ah