Kooreji 2,700 sano jir ah oo laga helay qabri qadiimi ah oo Shiinaha ku yaal ayaa ah kii ugu da'da weynaa ee abid la helo

Koorasku waxa la sameeyay intii u dhaxaysay 727 iyo 396 BCE - taasoo ka dhigaysa ugu yaraan sidii da'da koorasyadii hore ee jabinta rikoodhada, iyo suurtogalnimada in ka sii da'weyn.

Koox caalami ah oo cilmi-baarayaal qadiimiga ah ayaa helay waxa laga yaabo inay noqoto kooraddii ugu horreysay ee loo yaqaan goobta qodista ee Shiinaha. Waraaqdooda lagu daabacay joornaalka Cilmi-baarista Archaeological ee Aasiya, kooxdu waxay qeexaysaa halka laga helay kooraddii hore, xaaladdeeda, iyo sida loo sameeyay.

Qabuuraha Yanghai IIM205 oo leh booska kooraska maqaarka ee uu tilmaamay goobada cas.
Xabaalaha Yanghai IIM205 oo leh booska kooraska maqaarka ee lagu tilmaamay goobada cas. © Cilmi-baarista Archaeological ee Aasiya | Isticmaal Caadil ah.

Sargaalkan ayaa laga helay qabuuro ku yaalla magaalada Yanghai ee dalka Shiinaha. Xabaashii waxaa loogu tala galay naag ku labisan wax u eg qalab fuushan - kooraddii waxay u taagnayd si ay ugu ekaato inay ku fadhido. Shukaansiga haweeneyda iyo kooraska ayaa muujinaya in ay ka yimaadeen qiyaastii 2,700 oo sano ka hor.

Cilmi-baaris hore ayaa lagu ogaaday in rarida fardaha markii ugu horreysay ay dhacday qiyaastii 6,000 oo sano ka hor, inkastoo marxaladaha hore ee raynta, xoolaha loo isticmaali jiray il hilib iyo caano. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in fuulista fardaha ay qaadatay 1,000 sano oo kale si loo horumariyo.

Qaar ka mid ah tolitaanka qallafsan ee kooraha ayaa badbaaday.
Qaar ka mid ah tolitaanka qallafsan ee kooraha ayaa badbaaday. © Cilmi-baarista Archaeological ee Aasiya | Isticmaal Caadil ah.

Macquulku waxa uu soo jeedinayaa wax yar ka dib, rakaabku waxay bilaabeen inay raadiyaan habab ay ku dejiyaan raacitaanka. Saddles, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay soo jeediyeen, inay u badan tahay inay ka soo jeedaan wax yar oo ka badan dermooyinka fardaha dhabarka ku xidhan. Sidoo kale, sida kooxda ku jirta dadaalkan cusub ay xuseen, koorasyadu waxay u oggolaadeen fuushannada inay fuulaan wakhti dheer, taas oo u ogolaatay inay sii socdaan oo ugu dambeyntii la falgalaan dadka meelaha fog.

Cilmi-baaris hore ayaa muujisay in dadkii ku noolaa aagga laga helay kooraska, oo hadda loo yaqaan dhaqanka Subeixi, ay u guureen gobolka qiyaastii 3,000 oo sano ka hor. Waxay hadda u muuqataa in laga yaabo in ay fardo fuuleen markii ay yimaadeen.

Kooradii ay kooxdu heshay ayaa lagu sameeyay barkimo laga sameeyay caws lo'aad oo lagu shubay cawsha iyo timaha geela iyo caws. Waxa kale oo ay ogolaatay in la fadhiisto, taas oo ka caawisa raacayaasha in ay si fiican u hiigsadaan marka ay ganayaan fallaadhaha. Hase yeeshee ma jirin wax kicinaya. Kooxda cilmi-baadhistu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in ujeedada laga yaabo in fardaha loo fuulo ay ahayd in laga caawiyo xoolo-dhaqashada.

Kooraskii maqaar iyo xakame ka yimid qabriga Subeixi M10. 1 - Guddi Saddle; 2a- muraayadaha lens-ka ee gadaale; 2b - muraayadaha hore ee muraayadaha hore; 3 - Gullet (meel fidsan oo maqaar ah oo ka dhex abuurmay labada xariiq ee dibadda ah ee tolmada marka la isku xiro); 4a - Girth, qayb maqaar; 4b - Girth, suunka timaha faraska oo la dhajiyay; 5 - Xargaha isku xirka; 6 - Lafaha lafaha (hore); 7 - suuf la dareemay; 8 - Burbur; 9 - Xakamaynta; 10 - Karbaash.
Kooraskii maqaar iyo xakame ka yimid qabriga Subeixi M10. 1 - Guddi Saddle; 2a- muraayadaha lens-ka ee gadaale; 2b - muraayadaha hore ee muraayadaha hore; 3 - Gullet (meel fidsan oo maqaar ah oo ka dhex abuurmay labada xariiq ee tolmada dibadda ah marka la isku xiro); 4a - Girth, qayb maqaar; 4b - Girth, suunka timaha faraska; 5 - Xargaha isku xirka; 6 - Lafaha lafaha (hore); 7 - suuf la dareemay; 8 - Burbur; 9 - Xakamaynta; 10 – Karbaash. © Cilmi-baarista Archaeological ee Aasiya | Isticmaal Caadil ah.

Da'da kooraha laga helay Shiinaha ayaa ka horraysa kii hore ee koorasyada qadiimiga ah ee laga helo bartamaha iyo galbeedka Eurasia Steppe. Midda ugu horraysa ee kuwan ka mid ah ayaa dib loogu soo celiyay qarniyadii shanaad iyo saddexaad ee BC Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay soo jeedinayaan in isticmaalkii ugu horreeyay ee koorasyada ay ahaayeen dadka Shiinaha.


Daraasadda ayaa markii hore lagu daabacay Cilmi-baarista Archaeological ee Aasiya. May 25, 2023.