Neanderthals ndeimwe yemhando inonakidza yevanhu yakambovapo. Ava vanhu vekare vaive vakaonda, vane tsandanyama, vaive nemabrows akatanhamara uye mhino dzakabuda zvinoshamisa. Zvinonzwika zvinoshamisa, handiti? Chinhu ndechekuti, maNeanderthals airaramawo hupenyu hwakasiyana kwazvo neizvo isu vanhu nhasi. Vairarama munzvimbo ine hutsinye umo vaivhima mhuka hombe semammoth ane makushe uye vaigara mumapako kuti vazvichengetedze kubva kumamiriro ekunze nezvikara.
MaNeanderthals akaonekwa mumapako akawanda muEurope, izvo zvakaita kuti vamwe vanochera matongo vatende kuti vanhu vekare ava vakapedza nguva yakawanda munzvimbo dzakadai. Nyanzvi zhinji dzinobvuma kuti maNeanderthals haana kuzvivakira dzimba idzi asi dzinofanirwa kunge dzakadzishandisa kare vanhu vemazuva ano vasati vazviita. Nekudaro, fungidziro iyi inogona kunge isiri yechokwadi, nekuti pane imwe yakasarudzika - iyo Theopetra Cave.
Theopetra Cave
Mamwe mapako ekare anonakidza anogona kuwanikwa padyo neMeteora, yakanakisa, yakasarudzika uye isinganzwisisike dombo chimiro muGreece yekare. Theopetra Cave ndeimwe yavo. Inzvimbo imwe-ye-yemhando yekuchera matongo, inobvumira vaongorori kuti vanzwisise zviri nani nezve prehistoric nguva muGreece.
Zvinotendwa kuti Theopetra Cave, iri muMeteora limestone rock formations yeThessaly, Central Greece, yakagarwa kare makore 130,000 apfuura, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yekutanga kuvakwa kwevanhu paNyika.
Vanochera matongo vanoti pane humbowo hwekugara kwevanhu mubako iri, kubva pakati penyika. Palaeolithic nguva uye zvichienderera mberi kusvika pakuguma kwe Neolithic nguva.
Iyo Theopetra Cave nzvimbo uye zvimiro zvemaitiro
Iri pedyo nemamita zana (100 tsoka) pamusoro pemupata, Theopetra Cave inogona kuwanikwa pamawere ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwegomo reraimu rinozivikanwa se "Theopetra Rock". Mukova webako unopa maonero anokatyamadza enharaunda inoyevedza yeTheopetra, nepo rwizi Lethaios, bazi rePineios River, runoyerera kusiri kure.
Nyanzvi dzeGeologist dzinofungidzira kuti gomo reraimu rakatanga kuumbwa pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pemakore 137 ne65 mamiriyoni apfuura, panguva yeUpper Cretaceous period. Maererano nezvakawanikwa zvekuchera matongo, uchapupu hwekutanga hwekugara kwevanhu mubako hunodzokera kuMiddle Palaeolithic nguva, iyo yakaitika makore anenge 13,0000 apfuura.
Bako iri rinenge 500 square metres (5380 sq ft) muhukuru uye rave richionekwa serinoda kuita quadrilateral muchimiro nediki diki padivi paro. Mukova weTheopetra Cave wakakurisa, unogonesa kuwanda kwechiedza chechisikigo kupinda mukatikati mebako.
Zvakawanikwa zvinoshamisa zvinoburitsa zvakavanzika zvekare zveTheopetra Cave
Kuchera kweTheopetra Cave kwakatanga muna 1987 uye kwakapfuurira kusvika 2007, uye zvakawanda zvinoshamisa zvakawanikwa zvakaitwa panzvimbo ino yekare kwemakore. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti apo kuongorora kwekuchera matongo kwakatanga, Theopetra Cave yakanga ichishandiswa sechigadziro chenguva pfupi chevafudzi vemo kuchengetedza zvipfuwo zvavo.
Theopetra Cave archeology yakapa zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvinonakidza. Imwe ine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze evagari vebako iri. Vanochera matongo vakafunga kuti pakanga paine kupisa uye kutonhora panguva yekugara kwebako nekuongorora sampuli dze sediment kubva kune yega yega stratum yekuchera matongo. Huwandu hwebako iri hwakachinja-chinja mamiriro ekunze.
Zvinoenderana nezvakawanikwa zvekuchera matongo, bako raive rakagara richigarwa panguva yeMiddle and Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, uye Neolithic nguva. Yakasimbiswa nekuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakati wandei, semarasha nemapfupa evanhu, kuti bako rakagarwa pakati pemakore 135,000 ne4,000 BC, uye kushandiswa kwechinguvana kwakaramba kuri mukati meBronze Age uye munguva dzenhoroondo kusvika gore. 1955.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanikwa mukati mebako zvinosanganisira mapfupa nemabhomba, pamwe nemapfupa ekare kubva ku15000, 9000, uye 8000 BC, uye mitsva yezvirimwa nembeu zvinoburitsa madyiro evakagara mubako prehistoric.
Rusvingo rwekare pasi rose
Izvo zvakasara zvemadziro ematombo ayo aimbovharira chikamu chemusuwo weTheopetra Cave ndechimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chakawanikwa ipapo. Masayendisiti akakwanisa kuita kuti rusvingo urwu rwuve nemakore angangoita 23,000 nekushandisa nzira yekufambidzana inozivikanwa sekuti optically stimulated luminescence.
Vatsvakurudzi vanodavira kuti nemhaka yezera remudhuri uyu, urwo unoenderana nenguva yekupedzisira yechando, vagari vemubako iri vanogona kunge vakavaka rusvingo kuti usatonhora. Zvinonzi ichi ndicho chivakwa chekare chekare chinozivikanwa muGreece, uye zvichida kunyange munyika.
Anosvika tsoka nhatu dzehominid, dzakarovererwa pauriri hwevhu nyoro hwebako, dzakaziviswa kuti dzawanikwawo. Zvave zvichifungidzirwa kuti vana vazhinji veNeanderthal, vane makore maviri kusvika mana, vaigara mubako panguva yeMiddle Palaeolithic vakagadzira tsoka zvichienderana nechimiro chavo uye nekukura.
Avgi - musikana wechidiki ane makore 7,000 akawanikwa mubako
Zvakasara zvemukadzi ane makore gumi nemasere, aigara muGreece panguva yeMesolithic makore anoda kusvika 18 apfuura, yaive imwe yezvakakosha zvakawanikwa mukati meTheopetra Cave. Masayendisiti akagadzirazve chiso chewechidiki pashure pemakore ekushanda nesimba, uye akapiwa zita rokuti "Avgi" (Kwayedza).
Purofesa Papagrigorakis, orthodontist, akashandisa mazino aAvgi senheyo yekuvakwazve kwechiso chake. Tichifunga nezvekushaikwa kwehumbowo, zvipfeko zvake, kunyanya bvudzi rake, zvaive zvakanyanya kunetsa kugadzira patsva.
Mashoko ekupedzisira
Iyo Theopetra Cave yakaoma yakasiyana nedzimwe dzose dzinozivikanwa prehistoric nzvimbo muGreece, pamwe nepasirese maererano nenharaunda uye maturusi ayo etekinoroji, ayo akashandiswa nevanhu vekutanga kugara munzvimbo iyi.
Mubvunzo ndewokuti: vanhu vekare vaigona sei kuvaka chimiro chakaoma kudaro, kunyange vasati vava ne kugona kugadzira maturusi ekutanga? Iyi dambanemazwi yakashamisa masayendisiti nevasiri vesainzi zvakafanana - uye kumwe kutsvagisa kunoratidza kuti mhinduro inogona kunge iri muuinjiniya hunoshamisa hwemadzitateguru edu ekare.
