Vesainzi vagara vachitenda kuti Mwedzi wakaumbwa kubva kumarara akasiiwa mushure mekunge pasi rakakura seMars rinonzi Theia (rinozivikanwawo se“Thea”) rabonderana nePasi. Ichi chiitiko chine njodzi chinogamuchirwa zvakanyanya setsananguro inotungamira yekuti Nyika yakawana sei setiraiti, asi pachine zvakawanda zvatisingazive nezve nguva ino ine simba munhoroondo yepasi redu.
Apo vazivi venyeredzi veApollo vakaongorora pamusoro pemwedzi, vakawana matombo akawanda echienzi aiita seasiri panzvimbo. Zvimedu zvemakona izvi zvinozivikanwa se "blue-loop" matombo nekuda kweruvara rwebhuruu-ruvara rwegirinhi uye chitarisiko chakasungwa kana chichionekwa pasi pekukudzwa.
Matombo aya akasarudzika akatanga kuwanikwa paMwedzi nevazivi vemuchadenga panguva yeApollo 14 mission muna 1971. Kubva ipapo, masayendisiti akaona zvienzaniso zvakafanana kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana paMwedzi. Asi zvavari chaizvo, uye kwavakabva, charamba chiri chakavanzika.
Muna Ndira 2019, masayendisiti muAustralia akawana zvinokatyamadza, zvichiratidza kuti chunk yedombo yakadzoserwa nevashandi veApollo 14 moon landning yakanyatsobva kuPasi.
Masayendisiti akataura mune imwe nyaya yakabudiswa mupepanhau rinonzi Earth and Planetary Science Letters kuti dombo rinogona kunge raive chikamu chemarara akakandwa kumwedzi kubva kuPasi nekuda kwekuputsika kweasteroid nepasi redu mabhiriyoni emakore apfuura.
Hurungudo idzi dzakaunganidzwa panguva yeApollo 14 mishoni, iyo yakatanga muna 1971 uye yaive yechitatu mishini yemuchadenga kuti ibudirire kumhara pamwedzi. Alan Shepard, Stuart Roosa, naEdgar Mitchell vakapedza mazuva akawanda vachitenderera mwedzi vachiita ongororo nekuongorora kwesainzi, ukuwo Shepard naMitchell vakapinda mukufamba kwemaawa makumi matatu nematatu pamusoro pemwedzi.
Pamusoro pezvo, vazivi vemuchadenga vakadzoka vaine matombo anosvika 42kg. Muunganidzwa wemarara emwedzi uyu wakatipa hupfumi hweruzivo nezve maumbirwo uye kushanduka kwemwedzi.
Kuongorora kuchangobva kuitika kwezvimwe zvezvinhu izvi, zvisinei, kwakaratidza kuti rimwe rematombo emwedzi akaunganidzwa naShepard naMitchell anogona kunge akatanga paNyika.
Maererano naPurofesa Alexander Nemchin weCurtin University's School of Earth and Planetary Sciences kuWestern Australia, maumbirwo erimwe rematombo emwedzi akafanana zvikuru negranite, ane quartz yakawanda mukati. Kunyange zvazvo quartz yakajairika paNyika, zvakaoma zvikuru kuiwana pamwedzi.
Uyezve, masayendisiti akaongorora zircon iri mudombo, chicherwa chiri cheboka rema-neo-silicates aripo paPasi neMwedzi. Ivo vakacherekedza kuti zircon inocherechedzwa mudombo inoenderana nemafomu epasi asi kwete chero chinhu chakamboonekwa mumwedzi. Masayendisiti akawana kuti dombo rakagadzirwa munzvimbo ine oxidising, iyo yaizove isingawanzo kuwanikwa pamwedzi.
Sekureva kwaNemchin, zvakacherechedzwa izvi zvinopa humbowo hunokosha hwekuti dombo harina kusikwa pamwedzi, asi kuti rakabva kuNyika. Haana kuramba pfungwa yokuti dombo rakatanga mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana pamwedzi, asi akagumisa kuti izvi zvakanga zvisingabviri zvikuru.
Pane kudaro, vatsvakurudzi vakaronga imwe nzira yakasiyana. Vakafungidzira kuti dombo rakaendeswa kumwedzi mushure mekusikwa kwaro, zvichida semugumisiro we asteroid kukanganisa nePasi mabhiriyoni emakore apfuura.
Zvinoenderana nepfungwa iyi, asteroid yakadhumhana nePasi mabhiriyoni emakore apfuura, ichiburitsa marara nematombo muorbit, mamwe acho akamhara pamwedzi.
Pfungwa iyi yaizotsanangura kuti sei dombo rairatidza kuve nekemikari yekugadzira inowirirana nemamiriro epasi repasi pane mamiriro emwedzi. Zvinoenderanawo nezvinotendwa maererano nerudzi rwebhomba rakashandura Pasi mabhiriyoni emakore apfuura.
Maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, asteroids uye meteorites inogona kunge yakarova Pasi panguva yaro yekutanga yekusimudzira, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kukuru pamusoro payo.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mwedzi waive pedyo nePasi zvakapetwa katatu panguva iyi, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti mwedzi wakakanganiswa nemarara aibhururuka nekuda kwekudhumhana uku.
Kana pfungwa iyi iri chokwadi, dombo rakadzoserwa nevashandi veApollo 14 nderimwe rematombo ekare epasi ati ambowanikwa. Zircon analysis yakaisa zera redombo pamakore anenge mabhiriyoni mana, zvichiita kuti rive duku kudarika zircon crystal inowanikwa muWestern Australia sedombo rekare rinozivikanwa rePasi.
Aya matombo ekare anogona kuita seadiki, asina kuzvikudza, asi ane mukana wekushandura ruzivo rwedu rwekutanga kwePasi kuvapo.
Pamusoro, iyi yaive maonero akajairwa esainzi huru. Asi pane kubata kunoshamisa mukuwanikwa uku. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, ibwe harina kusvika pamwedzi pamusoro pechisikigo, asi nedzimwe nzira dzekugadzira. Vanotaura izvi, vachitenda muna Silurian hypothesis.
Iyo Silurian hypothesis inoburitsa kuti vanhu havasi ivo vekutanga manzwiro ehupenyu kuve akashanduka panyika yedu uye kuti dai kwaive neakafanotangira 100 miriyoni makore apfuura, humbowo hwese hwazvo hungadai hwakarasika pari zvino.
Kujekesa, nyanzvi yefizikisi uye munyori-munyori wekutsvaga Adam Frank akataura muchidimbu cheAtlantic, "Hazviwanzo kubudisa bepa rinopa fungidziro yausingatsigire." Mune mamwe mazwi, havatendi mukuvapo kwebudiriro yekare yeTime Lords uye Lizard People. Pane kudaro, chinangwa chavo ndechekuona kuti tingawana sei humbowo hwemagariro ekare pamapuraneti ari kure.
Zvinogona kuita sezvine musoro kuti tinoona humbowo hwebudiriro yakadai - shure kwezvose, madhinaina aivepo makore zana apfuura, uye tinoziva izvi nekuti zvisaririra zvawo zvakawanikwa. Vaive, zvisinei, vakatenderedza kweanopfuura mamirioni e100 makore.
Izvi zvakakosha nekuti hazvisi zvekungogara kana kupamhama matongo ebudiriro yekufungidzira. Zviri zvakare kuti yave nenguva yakareba sei iripo. Hunhu hwakawedzera pasi rose munguva pfupi inoshamisa - ingangoita makore 100,000.
Kana imwe mhuka yakaita zvakafanana, mikana yedu yekuiwana muzvinyorwa zve geological yaizova shoma zvikuru. Tsvagiridzo yakaitwa naFrank nemunyori wezvemamiriro ekunze munyori Gavin Schmidt ine chinangwa chekunongedza nzira dzekuona dzakadzika-nguva budiriro.
Saka, vanyori ivavo vangave vakarurama here? Izvi zvinogoneka here kuti makore anoda kusvika mabhiriyoni mana apfuura, budiriro yakasimukira sesu yakabudirira papasi rino uye vakakwanisa kupesvedzera pamusoro pemwedzi. Tinoziva kuti Earth inofungidzirwa kuva 4 bhiriyoni yemakore, asi iyi ingori fungidziro, hapana anogona kupedzisa chaizvo kuti Nyika yakasikwa rini, uye kuti ingani budiriro yayakaona munhoroondo yayo.
