Muna 1953, chikamu chenyika chiri padyo nechechi yeBorgund kumhenderekedzo yekumadokero kweNorway yaizocheneswa, uye ungwandangwanda hwemarara hwakaguma hwawanikwa panguva iyi. Sezvineiwo, vamwe vanhu vakakwanisa kuziva "marara" kuti aive chii chaizvo - zvinhu kubva kuNorway Middle Ages.
Kuchera kwakaitwa zhizha raitevera. Vanochera matongo vakawana chiverengero chikuru chezvigadzirwa. Ruzhinji rwacho rwakaiswa munzvimbo yepasi pevhu. Pashure pacho, hapana zvakawanda zvakaitika.
Iye zvino, anenge makumi manomwe emakore gare gare, nyanzvi dzakatanga basa rakaoma rekuongorora zvinhu 45,000 zvakachengetwa nechinangwa chekunzwisisa guta reNorway rine makore ane chiuru nekushayikwa kunotyisa kweruzivo rwezvakaitika kare.
Medieval Borgund inotaurwa mune mashoma akanyorwa zvinyorwa, kwainodanwa seimwe ye “madhorobha madiki” (smaa kapstader) muNorway.
Purofesa Gitte Hansen, anochera matongo paUniversity Museum yeBergen, nguva pfupi yadarika akapa hurukuro kuna Sayenzi Norway umo akakurukura izvo zvakawanikwa nevaongorori nezveBorgund kusvika parizvino.
Danish anochera matongo Gitte Hansen akatsanangura kuti kuvakwa kweBorgund kungangodaro kwakaitika pane imwe nguva panguva yeViking Age.
"Nyaya yeBorgund inotanga imwe nguva muma900s kana 1000s. Nekukurumidza kumberi kwemazana mashoma emakore uye iri raive guta hombe pamahombekombe eNorway pakati peTrondheim neBergen. Chiitiko muBorgund chinogona kunge chakanyanya kupararira muzana remakore rechi13. Muna 1349, Black Death inouya kuNorway. Ipapo mamiriro okunze anotonhora. Nechokunopera kwezana remakore rechi14, taundi reBorgund rakanyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma munhau. Pakupedzisira, yakanyangarika zvachose uye yakakanganwika.” - Science Norway inoshuma.
Muzvinafundo Hansen pari zvino vari kunzvera zvinhu zvakawanikwa vachibatsirana nevatsvakurudzi vanobva kuGermany, Finland, Iceland, neUnited States. Chirongwa ichi chakambowana rutsigiro rwemari kubva kuResearch Council yeNorway uye mipiro kubva kune akati wandei mamwe masangano ekutsvagisa muNorway.
Vatsvaguri vane hunyanzvi munzvimbo dzakasiyana, dzakadai semicheka uye mutauro wekare weNorse, vakaunzwa pamwechete kuti vaumbe timu. Masayendisiti anokwanisa kuwana ruzivo nezve zvipfeko zvinopfekwa panguva yeViking Age nekuongorora machira akawanikwa muBorgund.
Zvigadziko zveshangu, zvimedu zvemachira, slag (zvakagadzirwa zvesimbi dzinonyungudutswa nesimbi dzakashandiswa), uye zvaenga zvaiva pakati pezvigadzirwa zvinokosha zvakawanikwa neboka rezvokuchera matongo raitungamirirwa naAsbjørn Herteig pakuchera musha weViking wakarasika kwenguva refu weBorgund.
Sekureva kwaProfessor Hansen, izvi zvigadzirwa zvinogona kutaura zvakawanda pamusoro pemararamiro eVikings zuva nezuva. Nhamba yakakosha yezvigadzirwa zveViking zvichiri kuchengetedzwa zvakanaka uye zvinogona kuongororwa zvakadzama. Imba yepasi inogona kunge iine akawanda anosvika mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ezvimedu zvembatya nemamwe machira.
"Nguo yeBorgund kubva kuViking Age inogona kugadzirwa nemachira masere akasiyana," Muzvinafundo Hansen vakatsanangura.
Maererano ne Sayenzi Norway, mumasara eBorgund pasi pasi pemuziyamu muBergen, vatsvakurudzi vave kuwana zviumbwa zvedongo kubva kunenge kuEurope yose. "Tinoona zvakawanda zveChirungu, chiGerman neFrench tableware," Hansen anodaro.
Vanhu vaigara muBorgund vangave vaiva muLübeck, Paris, uye London. Kubva pano vanogona kunge vakadzosa hunyanzvi, mimhanzi, uye pamwe kurudziro yezvipfeko. Guta reBorgund ringangodaro rakanga rakapfuma kwazvo muzana ramakore rechi 13.
"Mapoto nemidziyo yepatafura yakagadzirwa neceramic nesipo kubva kuBorgund zvinhu zvinonakidza zvakawanikwa zvekuti tine mumwe munhu anotsvagisa ari mubishi rekuita izvi chete," Hansen anodaro. "Tine tarisiro yekudzidza chimwe chinhu nezve madyiro uye tsika dzekudyira kuno kunze kweEurope nekutarisa magadzirirwo nekupa vanhu chikafu nechinwiwa."
Kudzidza kweBorgund artifacts kwakatoburitsa mhedzisiro uye Muzvinafundo Hanse anoti "Pane zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuti vanhu pano vakasangana zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga nevanhu munzvimbo dzakakura dzeEurope."
Uyezve, vatsvakurudzi vakawana uchapupu hwokuti vagari vomumusha weViking weBorgund vaifarira kudya hove. Kuvanhu veBorgund, kuredza kwaikosha.
Hazvisati zvazivikanwa, kunyanguvezvo, kana vakatakura hove kuenda kuGerman Hanseatic League muBergen kana kuti kuchinjanisa hove nedzimwe nharaunda dzeNorway neEurope.
Masayendisiti akawana “midziyo yakawanda yokuredza. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vemuBorgund pachavo vanogona kunge vakaredza zvakawanda. Hove dzakapfuma dzekodha muBorgundfjord dzinogona kunge dzakanyanya kukosha kwavari,” Hansen anodaro.
Tinogona kufunga kubva kune zvakasara zvesimbi kuti taundi rakakanganwa muWestern Norway raive nenheyo yakasimba. Zvichida vapfuri vesimbi vakaita basa rinokosha muguta rino?
Uye nei chaizvo Asbjørn Herteig nevamwe vake vakawana huwandu hwakakura hwemarara kubva kune vanogadzira shangu? Anosvika mazana matatu nemakumi mana ezvimedu zveshangu anogona kupa ruzivo nezvemaitiro eshangu uye akasarudzika marudzi ematehwe anoshandiswa shangu muViking Age yese.
Ruzivo rwedu rweBorgund kubva kwakanyorwa nevanyori venhoroondo rwakaganhurirwa. Nekuda kweizvi, basa revanochera matongo nevamwe vaongorori muchirongwa ichi chakakosha.
Zvisinei, kune rimwe bhuku rinokosha renhoroondo. Uyu murairo wehumambo kubva muna 1384 uyo unosungira varimi veSunnmøre kutenga zvinhu zvavo mumusika dhorobha reBorgund (kaupstaden Borgund).
"Ndiwo maziviro atinoita kuti Borgund yaionekwa seguta panguva iyoyo," Muzvinafundo Hansen anodaro. "Odha iyi inogonawo kududzirwa seBorgund ari kunetsekana kuramba achienda senzvimbo yekutengesa mumakore mushure meBlack Death pakati pezana ramakore rechi14." Ipapo guta rikakanganikwa.
