Muna 2015, boka reAmerican paleontologists rakafukunura muunganidzwa wemidziyo yakavezwa panzvimbo yePliocene yekuchera matongo, iyo inodarika makore 3.3 miriyoni. Anenge mamiriyoni 3.3 emakore apfuura, mumwe munhu akatanga kusvetuka kubva padombo rerwizi. Kucheka uku kwakazoita kuti dombo rive mudziyo, zvichida waishandiswa kugadzira nyama kana kutyora nzungu. Uye kubudirira kwehunyanzvi uku kwakaitika kare vanhu vasati vaonekwa pamamiriro emhindumupindu.
Kubva pakutanga hominids, Homo habilis, yakauya mazana emakore gare gare, kuwanikwa kwacho chinhu chinonetsa: Ndiani akagadzira maturusi aya? Kuwana kwakaitika panzvimbo yezvokuchera matongo yeLomekwi 3, Kenya, uye nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti ine simba rekushandura matongo uye kumanikidza nhoroondo kuti inyorwe zvakare.
Kuwanikwa uku kwakawedzerwa kune rondedzero yezvimwe zvisinganzwisisike zvakawanikwa izvo maererano neyakajairwa archaeology hazvigoneke. Pakati pezvishandiso zvinoda kusvika 150 zvakawanwa panzvimbo yezvinocherwa mumatongo pane sando, nyundo, uye matombo akavezwa ayo angadai akashandiswa mamiriyoni amakore apfuura kuvhura nokutsemura nzungu kana kuti machubhu, uye kuveza hunde dzemiti yakadonha kuti tumbuyu tuwane zvokudya.
Maererano ne chinyorwa chakaburitswa paNature.com, iyo Lomekwi 3 knappers, ine kunzwisisa kuri kusimukira kwematombo ekutsemuka, akabatanidza kuderedzwa kwepakati nekuita zvekurova.
Tichifunga zvinorehwa negungano reLomekwi 3 remhando dzinovavarira kushandura shanduko yezvakatipoteredza, kushanduka kwehominin, uye kwakabva tekinoroji, tinopa zita rekuti 'Lomekwian', iro rakatangira Oldowan nemakore 700,000 uye rinoratidza kutanga kutsva kune inozivikanwa nhoroondo yekuchera matongo. .
“Zvishandiso izvi zvinojekesa nguva isingatarisirwi uye yaimbozivikanwa yemaitiro ehominin uye zvinogona kutiudza zvakawanda nezvekukura kwekunzwisisa mumadzitateguru edu zvatisinganzwisisi kubva kumatombo ezvicherwa chete. Zvatakawana zvinopikisa fungidziro yagara iripo yekuti Homo habilis ndiye akatanga kugadzira maturusi,” akadaro Dr. Harmand, munyori anotungamirira wepepa rakabudiswa muNature.
"Uchenjeri hwechinyakare muzvidzidzo zvekushanduka-shanduka kwevanhu kubvira zvakafunga kuti kwakabva maturusi ematombo akabatanidzwa nekubuda kwegenus Homo, uye kukura kwehunyanzvi uku kwakabatana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kupararira kwemafuro emasango," akadaro mumwe munyori Dr. Jason Lewis weStony Brook University.
"Chikonzero chaive chekuti mutsara wedu wega wakatora ruzivo rwekurova matombo pamwe chete kuti vabvise mafiraki akapinza uye kuti iyi ndiyo yaive hwaro hwebudiriro yedu yekushanduka-shanduka."
Kusvika parizvino, maturusi ekutanga ematombo akabatana neHomo anga akanyorwa pamakore 2.6 miriyoni uye akabva kuEthiopian deposits padyo nemafossil emumiriri wekutanga weHomo habilis, uyo aidaidzira kugona kwavo kwakasarudzika kwekushandisa maoko avo kugadzira maturusi.
Oldowan ndiro zita reiyi "kutanga" indasitiri yevanhu. Uye izwi rekuchera matongo rekuti "Oldowan" ndiyo yekutanga ibwe chishandiso chekuchera matongo indasitiri mune prehistory. Zvishandiso zveOlowan zvaishandiswa nemahominids ekare pamusoro peakawanda eAfrica, South Asia, Middle East, uye Europe panguva yeLower Paleolithic era, iyo yakatora kubva 2.6 miriyoni makore apfuura kusvika 1.7 miriyoni makore apfuura. Iyo yakawedzera indasitiri yeAcheulean yakauya mushure meiyi tekinoroji bhizinesi.
Kunyorwa kwezvishandiso zvematombo izvi ndeimwe yenyaya huru dzakakonzerwa nekuwanikwa kwavo. Kwenguva refu, anthropologists aitenda kuti Homo genus hama dzedu, mutsara unoenda zvakananga Homo sapiens, ndivo vakatanga kugadzira maturusi akadai. Zvisinei, mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, vatsvakurudzi havazivi kuti ndiani akasika zvishandiso zvekare zvekare, izvo zvisingafaniri kuvapo maererano neyakajairwa matongo. Saka, kuwanikwa uku kunoshamisa kunoratidza izvo zvinodaidzwa 'fictional nhoroondo' emamwe mabhuku akakurumbira kuva echokwadi here?
