Vanhu vagara vachinakidzwa nemapiramidhi eEjipitori, uye zvakaoma kuvapa mhosva vakapihwa chakavanzika chakakomberedza kwavo kusikwa. Vazhinji vangangodaro vasingatendi kurangana kunoti kwakavakwa nevatorwa, asi mukati kati memoyo, vanhu vazhinji vanoona kuti mapiramidhi eIjipita haana kunyatso kumisikidzwa nemabasa evaranda nenzira yakajairika sekutaura kunowanzoitwa nevanoongorora.
Nekudaro, ko vanhu makore 4,000 apfuura vakavaka sei mamwe emahombekombe epasi rose, akaomesesa uye ane mbiri? Chakavanzika chekuti mapiramidhi akavakwa sei chingangodaro chiri kuswedera pakupindurwa. Michina yakagadzira mapiramidhi eEjipitori here?
Muna 440 BC, muzivi wechiGiriki uye munyori wenhoroondo Herodotus akanyora “Nhoroondo,” iyo inoonekwa seimwe yezvinyorwa zvake zvakakosha. Iye munyori wenhoroondo mukuru anokurukura zvinyorwa zvekare netsika kubva kuWestern Asia, North Africa, uye Girisi, kusanganisira zvematongerwo enyika, jogirafi, uye tsika.
“Nhoroondo” yaive yakapfuura zvekuti yakasimbisa hwaro hwekutsvaga nhoroondo mune yedu tsika. Zvisinei, zvinofungidzirwa kuti ari kuviga chokwadi nezve chakavanzika icho vanhu vanga vachiedza kugadzirisa kwemakore mukati memashoko ake.
Chakavanzika chakabatana nemapiramidhi eEjipitori
Iwo mapiramidhi eEgypt zvivakwa zvematombo mune chimiro chemapiramidhi akajeka ejometri akavakwa muEjipitori zviuru zvemakore apfuura. Sekureva kwemishumo, huwandu hwemapiramidhi anozivikanwa evaIjipiti anotenderedza 118 kubva munaGumiguru 2021. Munguva dzeKare neMiddle Kingdom nguva, ruzhinji rwakavakwa semakuva emafarao ehumambo neshamwari dzavo.
Piramidhi yekutanga muEjipitori yakavakwa panguva yekutonga kwaFarao Djoser panguva yeTatu Dzinza. Iyo edzimba-yakavakwa edzimba iyo yakakwira mumatanho kwaive kutanga kweye-ye-ye-mhando mapurani - shanduko huru mutsika dzeEkare yeIjipita.
Iyo Step Pyramid yeDjoser, mambo wechipiri weTatu Dzinza, yakavakwa mukati mekamuri rakakura panzvimbo yekuraira paSaqqara, yakatarisana neguta rekare reMemphis.
Iyo Djoser Pyramid yakavakwa muSaqqara, Egypt, pakati pa2630 BC na2611 BC seguva raFarao Djoser (kana Zoser). Kunyangwe iri dangwe renyika dumbu rakakura risingakanganisike, inowanzo kufukidzwa nemapiramidhi anozivikanwa eEjipitori.
Iyo piramidhi yaive yakareba makumi matanhatu emamita, uye inofungidzirwa kuti yakavakwa mumatanho, kutanga nechikamu chakaenzana chegadziko rayo uye kupera nechitanhatu chakamiswa pamusangano. Zvisinei, zvakange zvisati zvaitika kusvikira Sneferu atora chigaro cheushe apo piramidhi rakagadzirwazve. Mambo uyu akavaka mapiramidhi matatu, ayo akachinja zvachose kuvaka nekugadzirwa kwemapiramidhi evaIjipita.
Zvinotoshamisa kuti, vadzidzi vanofunga kuti iyo Pyramidhi Tsvuku, yakavakwa muhumambo necropolis yeDahshur, yakashanda semuenzaniso weGreat Pyramid yeGiza. Nekufamba kwenguva, aya maPiramidhi Makuru akazove nzvimbo yekushanya pamwe neimwe yenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzevashanyi.
Zvisinei, hapana zvinyorwa zvekuvaka kwavo zvakawanikwa, kana kujekeswa hakuna kuwanikwa kuti sei uye ndiani akavaka zvivakwa izvi zvinoshamisa munguva dzekare. Iko hakuna chinoratidza kuti akavakwa sei mune chero ekare mabhuku eEgypt. Ichi chave chimwe chezvirahwe zvinonetsa kwazvo mukuchera matongo, pamwe neruzhinji rwevanhu.
Iyo inoshamisa nhanho yekurongeka inoratidza mapiramidhi akavakwa pachishandiswa muchina
Zvinotendwa kwese kuti nekuuya kweCheops, nguva nyowani mukuvakwa kwepiramidhi yakatanga. Jufu o Jéops, anowanzozivikanwa seCheops, aive wechipiri pharao wedzinza rechina reEkare reEgypt, achitonga kubva muna 2589 BC kusvika muna 2566 BC.
Cheops inotendwa nekuvakwa kweGreat Pyramid yeGiza, yaakavaka nemugadziri weHemiunu mukati menguva yekusagadzikana yemakore makumi maviri. Herodotus anoti:
“Cheops akaita kuti Great Pyramid yeGiza ivakwe, akasvika pakupata mwanasikana wake pachake kuti awane mari yokuvaka piramidhi rake . . . vaEgipita.”
Nekuti hapana chinyorwa chakafukunurwa, zvinofungidzirwa kuti ingori fungidziro inogamuchirwa necheruzivo nekuti hapana gwaro rinoitsigira. Iyo Great Pyramid yeGiza ine huwandu hwakazara hwe2,583,283 cubic metres, ichiiita iyo yechitatu pakukura pasirese maererano nehukuru, kunyange iri yepamusoro pamamita 146.7.
Kururamisa kwakagadzirwa nePiramidhi Huru, zvisinei, ndicho chokwadi chisingatarisirwe uye chisingatsanangurike kune nyanzvi dzakabatana nacho. Vaya vaitarisira kuvaka mapiramidhi akazviita nekunyatsoita zvekuti hazvigoneke kudzokorora chimiro munguva dzazvino.
Chinhu chinonyanya kufadza ndechekuti ndeimwe yemabasa akaomesesa munhoroondo yepasi, kunyangwe pasina zvinyorwa zvakawanikwa. Zvakanaka, zvinokwanisika kuti chinyorwa chiripo chinotaura nezvekuedza kwakaitwa kuti chigadzirwe, kunyangwe hazvo zvakazobuda makore zviuru zviviri gare gare.
Herodotus nemichina yepamusoro
Herodotus anokurukura zvingangodaro zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi kana michina yakashandiswa panguva yekuvaka kanenge Great Pyramid yeGiza mubasa rake. "Nhoroondo."
Zvinoenderana nezvakanyorwa, kana mabwe epasi aiswa, "Michina" vaishandiswa kuisa avo vakaenda pamusoro payo. Zvisinei, Herodotus pachake haana chokwadi nezvehuwandu hwemakina anoshandiswa kuvaka mapiramidhi eEjipitori.
Unotevera rugwaro rwakatorwa kubva ku'The Nhoroondo ':
"Iyo piramidhi yakamiswa pamatanho, muchimiro chemasvingo, sekureva kunoita vamwe, kana muchimiro chehurefu, sekureva kwevamwe." Mushure mekumisa mabwe enheyo, vakashandisa michina kuisa matombo akasara…
… Mushini wekutanga wakaasimudza kubva pasi ndokuenda padanho rekutanga. Pamusoro peiyi paive nemumwe muchina, waitora dombo pakusvika kwaro ndokuuya naro padanho repiri, kubva kwaraive richienda kumberi richikwira nemuchina wechitatu.
Pamwe vaive nemichina yakawanda sezvo paive nematanho mupiramidhi, kana ivo vaingova nemuchina mumwe chete uyo, nekuti waigona kutakurika nyore nyore, waifamba kubva pane imwe nhete uchienda kune imwe apo matombo aikwira; zvese zvinotaurwa zvinopihwa, saka ndinokurukura zvese…
Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti Herodotus akawana ruzivo urwu kubva kuvapristi vaakasangana navo muEjipitori. Herodotus airevei paakati: “Michina yakasimudza matombo ikaisa munzvimbo dzayo”?
Mashoko anonzwika sedzidziso yokurangana akanyorwa nomumwe wevanyori vezvakaitika kare vane mukurumbira. Iri igwaro rekare rine uchapupu hunoratidza kuti vaIjipiti vekare vaitsigirwa neruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rwakanga rwusati rwamboonekwa kana kuti vaiva neruzivo rwemberi uye ruzivo kupfuura nguva dzavo here?
Izvi zvinototungamira mukufunga kuti ese mapiramidhi epasirese akagadzirwa achishandisa izvi zvinogona kuita zvishandiso. Pane mikana yakawanda; pamwe vanhu vane basa rekuunza tekinoroji iyi vakaenda nayo mushure mekunge basa rapera.
Izvi zvinogona kutsanangura kuti nei pasina maratidziro akawanikwa. Kuvakwa kwakakwana kwemapiramidhi kwakaita kuti vazhinji vafunge kuti vanhuwo zvavo vaisakwanisa kuzvimisikidza vega, uye zvakataurwa nemunhu akakosha munhoroondo zvinongobatsira kusimbisa pfungwa idzi. Ndedzipi pfungwa dzako? Mishini yakavaka mapiramidhi eEgypt zvechokwadi here?
